IJPST (Indonesian Journal Pharmaceutival Science and Technology), Apr 30, 2019
One of the triggers of breast cancer is the estrogen hormone. Estrogen α-receptors play a role in... more One of the triggers of breast cancer is the estrogen hormone. Estrogen α-receptors play a role in breast development and growth. Estrogen receptors as molecular targets have been widely reported. Cinchona alkaloids have been known to function as anti-malarial, but recent studies have shown that cinchona alkaloids have other potential such as anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, anti-HBV, antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity. Cinchona alkaloids have been developed as anti-cancer agent. They have comparable reactivity and selectivity of cinchona alkaloids functional to anti-cancer agent. In this study, molecular modeling has been performed on forty-four cinchona alkaloid derivatives. These cinchona alkaloids derived compounds have been evaluated as anti-cancer agent. Herein, we observed molecular interactions between selectivity of cinchona alkaloids with estrogen α receptors (ER-α). The docking simulation showed 3 cinchona alkaloids derivatives (cinchonine 2-chlorobenzoate, cinchonidine benzoate and cinchonine 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate) have lower Gibbs free energy and and low kinetic inhibition compared to tamoxifen (as standard commercial) and there are 14 compounds that have relatively the same activity as tamoxifen from 44 alkaloid chincona derivatives.
Morinda citrifolia juice has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Indonesia to trea... more Morinda citrifolia juice has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Indonesia to treat various diseases, including lowering blood sugar levels. However, the compounds responsible for this activity have not been widely studied. This research aimed to isolate the marker compounds from fermented M. citrifolia juice extract based on bioassay guidelines of antidiabetic activity and reduction of DPPH. Separation and purification of the ethyl acetate fraction yielded two, namely compounds 1 and 2. The chemical structures of these marker compounds, identified as scopoletin (1) and quercetin (2), were elucidated by LCMS Spectrometry and NMR analyses. The IC50 values of compounds 1 and 2 were respectively 61.93 and 21.65 μM for α-glucosidase, with 844.06 and 35.23 μM for DPPH free radical scavenger effect. Based on these results, scopoletin and quercetin can be used as quality control biomarkers of products produced from fermented M. citrifolia juice extract.
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
The in-silico properties of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and drugs ... more The in-silico properties of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and drugs likeness of caproic acid ester derivativeswere evaluated. The esterification of caproic acid from palm kernel oil with sitronelol and geraniol from citronella oil has been carried out using base (NaOH) catalyst. The cytotoxicity of ester compounds were also tested against P388 murine leukemia cancer cell lines using MTT method. Analysis of the ester productswere carried outusing spectroscopic (IR, MS and 1H-NMR) methods, which were confirmed that the desired compounds were successfully synthesized. Caproic acid ester derivatives showed higher anticancer activity compared to the parent caproic acid for P388 cancer cell lines. Citronellyl caproate with IC50 4.15x10-2µM has the strongeractivity than geranyl caproate with IC50 11x10-2 µM. ADME studies for the synthesized compounds revealed that the ester compounds have fulfill the Lipinski rule of five and has no carcinogenicity effect to r...
In this study, phytochemical screening, docking study, and cytotoxicity against MCF7 and 3T3 cell... more In this study, phytochemical screening, docking study, and cytotoxicity against MCF7 and 3T3 cell lines of Indonesian sea cucumber Stichopus sp. fractions were investigated. The total phenol content and phytochemicals screening of these samples were ascertained by a fraction conventional method. The thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay was applied to determine the effect of Stichopus sp. fractions on cell viability. Phytochemical screening exhibited positive results for alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids. The highest amount of phenol content was discovered in the hexane fraction, and the lowest was in the sediment. A molecular docking study was conducted to examine the interaction between the Stichopus sp. chemical compounds and the MMP-9 cancer protein. The results of the in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity against the MCF7 and 3T3 cell lines of Indonesian sea cucumber Stichopus sp. clearly revealed that all of the fractions are toxic for cancerous MCF7 cell lines and most fractions are not toxic for non-cancerous 3T3 cell lines (normal cell lines). The in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity against the MCF7 and 3T3 cell lines showed that Stichopus sp. fractions have the ability to be a potential candidate for anticancer drugs.
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, 2021
Degenerative disease is a disease that has a large number of sufferers in Indonesia and throughou... more Degenerative disease is a disease that has a large number of sufferers in Indonesia and throughout the world, one of the causes of many sufferers of degenerative diseases such as diabetes and cancer is the large amount of exposure to free radicals in the body as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle. Antioxidant compounds are one of the chemical compounds that can be used and utilized to inhibit the oxidation process as a result of the presence of free radicals, so that the incidence of degenerative diseases can be suppressed. In this study, the active extraction and fractionation process from Macaranga magna Turrill leaves which have antioxidant activity and can be developed as a compound inhibiting the oxidation process of free radicals using the chromatographic method, as well as testing the antioxidant activity using the free radical inhibition method 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Preliminary test results of antioxidant activity on the methanol extract of Macaranga magna T...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Nowadays, the antimicrobial resistance is considered as one of the greatest concern facing human ... more Nowadays, the antimicrobial resistance is considered as one of the greatest concern facing human health, as many of bacterial strains had become resistant to available antibiotics. The misuse of antibiotics has potentially reduced the efficacy of drugs, concurrent with the increase of bacterial resistance to commercially available drugs. Therefore, the discovery of effective antimicrobial agents are desperately needed to overcome this epidemic, especially from traditional medical plants and their derivatives. Quinine is a natural alkaloid from the bark of the cinchona tree that has been used for years as an antimalarial drug. Various literatures also regarded an antibacterial effect of quinine against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms. With this vision, a series of some novel quinine derivatives were synthesized and their biological activities against pathogenic bacteria were assessed. This present study therefore attempted to examine the antimicrobial p...
Synthesis of dihydrocoumarin derivatives from methyl trans-cinnamate is described. The reaction c... more Synthesis of dihydrocoumarin derivatives from methyl trans-cinnamate is described. The reaction can be carried out as a simple one pot reaction using acid catalyst. Firstly, methyl trans-cinnamate was converted into cinnamic acid via hydrolysis reaction with alkaline. Secondly, esterification reaction of cinnamic acid was carried out by using an acid catalyst p-toluensulfonic acid with phenol, o-cresol, p-cresol which lead to the production of 4phenylchroman-2-one, 8-methyl-4-phenylchroman-2-one, and 6-methyl-4-phenylchroman-2-one. Keywords-dihydrocoumarin derivatives, methyl trans-cinnmate, cinnamic acid, 4-phenylchroman-2-one, 8-methyl-4phenylchroman-2-one, and 6-methyl-4-phenylchroman-2-one. _________________________________________________________________________________ 1. INTRODUCTION Methyl trans-cinnamate is basically a kind of essential oil which is contained in a lot of quantities in a plant from Alpinia malaccensis species of Zingiberaceae families, which is one of the most important groups of medicinal plants 1. Methyl trans-cinnamate has been successfully isolated from A. malaccensis with a high yield and good purity 2. Research in the field of organic synthesis of methyl trans-cinnamate derivative also has evolved. Cinnamic acid is an analog derivative of methyl trans-cinnamate, which is included in pathway derivative of shikimic acid 3. Cinnamic acid and its natural derivatives are known for its use in the treatment of cancer for several centuries. Ginsenoside Rg1 from ginseng, cinnamic acid from Xuanshen, and tanshinon IIA from Danshen (RCT) is the traditional treatment for keeping someone from aging and maintaining the chemical balance for the whole the body to prevent from any disease. Exploring further, RCT is given into osteosarcoma cell (MG-63) which is a histologic form of the most common of bone-cancer 4. Other derivatives of cinnamic acid compounds are caffeic acid, cinnamide, cinnamoyl ester, cinnamic acid, and hydrazide. These derivatives of cinnamic acid compounds, both natural and synthetic one, have been tested as anti-cancer agents. Cinnamic acid and some compounds of its derivatives have been examined as good inhibitor against activity of AKR1C3. AKR1C3 is cancer cell which forms with the existence of hormones such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, and endometrial cancers. Cinnamic acid and 3,4,5-trimetoksisinamat acid (IC 50 = 50 µM) are good inhibitors against AKR1C3 (IC 50 = 50 µM). In addition, caffeic acid has a potential as low cytotoxic in vitro who fight the cells myeloid leukemia (HL-60) and also potentially as a chemopreventive agent for fight against skin cancer 5. Combination of cinnamic acid compounds and guanylhydrazone also has been synthesized. The resulted compounds of the synthesis has a high activity for fighting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv which is a causal agent of tuberculosis (TB) 6. Bairwa et al. (2010) and Li et al. (2011) reported the synthesis of cinnamic acid with thionyl chloride producing halide acid 6. This halide acid can be reacted with alcohol so that become ester cinnamate (cinnamoyl ester). Cinnamate ester is a group of anticancer agent. Some cinnamate ester which was isolated from Netherlands propolis, benzyl caffeat, phenethyl caffeate, and cinnamoyl caffeate were found to be potent an antiproliferative agents toward colon 26-L5 carcinoma with EC 50 values of 0.288, 1.76, and 0.114 µg/mL respectively. Phenethyl caffeate (Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester, CAPE) has several biology activities such as antioxidants, anti-inflammation, and inhibition of tumor growth 5 .One way of manufacturing of coumarin is with hydroarylation of cinnamic acid and phenol by using strong acid 7. Coumarin
The medicinal plant Morinda citrifolia has been widely used in traditional medicine in Asian coun... more The medicinal plant Morinda citrifolia has been widely used in traditional medicine in Asian countries, including Indonesia. This medicinal plant has a wide therapeutic effect. Many studies have been carried out to verify the efficacy of the medicinal plant M. citrifolia. The study aims to investigate the chemical compounds of M. citrifolia fruit extracts and evaluate osteoporosis activity. This study discusses the molecular docking approach to identify the effect of active compounds of M. citrifolia fruit extracts against osteoporosis. The results showed that the active compounds quercetin, asperuloside tetraacetate, isoscopoletin and scopoletin have strong binding efficiency against osteoporosis protein 1TU6 compared to the positive control risedronate. Overall, this research study can be a predictive reference for further experimental research in vitro, in vivo and clinical applications for the mechanism of the active compound M. citrifolia against osteoporosis.
Sintesis senyawa N-Oktilsinnamamid yang diturunkan dari senyawa metil trans-sinamat dengan menggu... more Sintesis senyawa N-Oktilsinnamamid yang diturunkan dari senyawa metil trans-sinamat dengan menggunakan katalis basa telah dilakukan. Senyawa metil sinamat terlebih dahulu dikonversi menjadi asam sinamat melalui reaksi hidrolisis dengan basa menghasilkan asam sinamat. Selanjutnya asam sinamat diamidasi dengan menggunakan oktilamin dan 1,3 disikloheksilkarboodiimide (DCC) dan 4-dimetilaminopiridin (DMAP) sebagai katalis. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh rendemen hasil sintesis asam sinamat, sintesis N-Oktilsinnamami yang cukup baik. Hasil reaksi diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR dan LC-MS. Uji sitotoksik senyawa N-Oktilsinamamid terhadap sel leukemia P388 diperoleh nilai IC50=6.71 µg/mL. Synthesis of N-Octylcinnamamide compound derived from methyl trans-cinnamate using abase catalyst has been done. First, The compound of methyl trans-cinnamate was converted into cinnamic acid by hydrolysis reaction with an alkaline condition. Furthermore cinnamic acid was amidated by usin...
The aim of this study is to make a formula of green tea that is enriched by other herbs. Green te... more The aim of this study is to make a formula of green tea that is enriched by other herbs. Green tea drinks are made using the basic ingredients of gambung (THG) green tea enriched with sapodilla leaves ( Manilkara zapota (Aw) bay leaves ( Syzygium polyanthum (Am), Artocarpus communis (Un) breadfruit leaves, and cinnamon leaves ( Cinnamomum verum (K)). The composition of gambung herbal green tea is made by reference to the antidiabetic activity of each herb. All the samples were tested for inhibition of α-glucosidase enzymes and toxicity using the lethality test method for brine shrimp. All samples showed good inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme barriers of gamboeng green tea (THG) 82.05%, sapodilla leaves (Aw) 97.81%, breadfruit leaves (Un) 73.34%, bay leaves (Am) 93.80%, cinnamon leaves (K) 91.24 %. The inhibition value of α-glucoside enzymes in the formulation of gamboeng herbal green tea drinks: 96.203% (GKUn) is higher when compared to the GKAm formula (94.78%) and GKAw (62.48...
The aim of this study was to observe molecular interactions between alpha glucosidase inhibitor w... more The aim of this study was to observe molecular interactions between alpha glucosidase inhibitor waith alpha glucosidase enzyme derived from Saccharomyces cereviseae, Rattus norvegicus and GANC-human. Therefore, they were used against four of the well-known alpha glucosidase inhibitors such as 1-deoxynojirimycin, aarbose, miglitol and voglibose against macromolecule targets of alpha glucosidase enzymes above. Consequently, molecular docking studies were carried out to explore the binding interactions of the well-known alpha glucosidase inhibitors with alpha glucosidase enzymes. We had compared the selected alpha glucosidase inhibitors by means of a computer-aided drug design protocol involving homology modeling of the target icantprotein and the virtual screening with docking simulations in the binding free energy function. Compared to acarbose, miglitol or voglibose, 1-deoxynojirimycin showed a significant inhibition of three target macromolecules of alpha glucosidase enzyme. 1-deox...
Background: Increased lipase activity can increase the amount of monoglycerides and fatty acids a... more Background: Increased lipase activity can increase the amount of monoglycerides and fatty acids absorbed by the body, this is what affects obesity. If pancreatic lipase activity is inhibited, the production of fatty acids will decrease, consequently the level of fat in the blood will also decrease. Objective: To study anti obesity potential of a single herb or a mixture of green tea and other herbs (Syzygium polyanthum. Lv, Artocarpus communis.Lv, Cinnamomum verum..Lv, Manilkara zapota.Lv, Tectona grandis.Lv) by the in vitro inhibition assay of the lipase enzyme activity Method: A single (8 herbs) or a mixture of three herbs powder (12 formulas) was put into a tea bag with a total weight of 1.5 g to be brewed in 100 mL bottled mineral water at 700-900C for 10 minutes. In vitro lipase enzyme inhibition assay were conducted to measure the ability of these samples as lipase inhibitor. Orlistat used as positive lipase inhibitor. Results: There was a difference results of lipase inhibiti...
Article history: Received on: 05/12/2013 Revised on: 16/01/2014 Accepted on: 21/02/2014 Available... more Article history: Received on: 05/12/2013 Revised on: 16/01/2014 Accepted on: 21/02/2014 Available online: 30/03/2014 Cinnamic acid derivative compound was investigated for the anti-cancer inhibitory activity. To be able to obtain compounds that have bioactivity as above, it is needed to study quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) which is the process by which the chemical structure is quantitatively correlated with biological activity/chemical reactivity. Chemical methods used in synthesizing the chemical of methyl trans-cinnamate derivatives are tailored to match their targeted bioactivities. Here, we investigated the anti-cancer inhibitor compound with the method amidation of cinnamic acid derivative compounds. In this reaction we use two steps to get the target product. Firstly, we hydrolize of methyl trans-cinnamate to cinnamic acid. That reaction has a yield 85.5 % and secondly, we amidate of cinnamic acid to metil 2-cinnamamido-3-hydroxy propanoate has a yield of...
Concept the role played by modified quinine in the asymmetric hydroxyl group inspired studies of ... more Concept the role played by modified quinine in the asymmetric hydroxyl group inspired studies of modified quinine as chiral organic that lead to drug discovery development. A simple and efficient method for C-9 alkylation and arylation of quinine derivatives was reported. Series quinine derivatives were synthesized through the esterification of the hydroxyl group of quinine. The reaction with various alkyl and aryl carbonyl chloride resulted in the series of ester quinine derivatives. The structure of quinine derivatives was characterized by IR, melting point, UV, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, LCMS.
COVID-19 is a recent coronavirus outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 beginning in early December 2019 i... more COVID-19 is a recent coronavirus outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 beginning in early December 2019 in Wuhan China raising global health problems. The SARS coronavirus main peptidase (SARS-CoV M(pro)) plays an essential role in the life-cycle of the virus and is a primary target for the development of anti-SARS agents. Also, the viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease 3 (3CLpro) enzyme controls coronavirus replication and is essential for its life cycle. Therefore, herein, we performed in silico virtual screening of the compounds from Cassia alata and Dendrophthoe petandra such as; aloe-emodin, emodin, kaempferol, quercetin and quercitrin against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and also 3CLpro through molecular docking approach using Autodock 4.2, with the Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm. The binding energies obtained from the result of molecular docking of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and also 3CLpro quercetin, kaempferol and aloe-emodin appeared to have the best potential to act as COVID-19 inhibitors.
IJPST (Indonesian Journal Pharmaceutival Science and Technology), Apr 30, 2019
One of the triggers of breast cancer is the estrogen hormone. Estrogen α-receptors play a role in... more One of the triggers of breast cancer is the estrogen hormone. Estrogen α-receptors play a role in breast development and growth. Estrogen receptors as molecular targets have been widely reported. Cinchona alkaloids have been known to function as anti-malarial, but recent studies have shown that cinchona alkaloids have other potential such as anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, anti-HBV, antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity. Cinchona alkaloids have been developed as anti-cancer agent. They have comparable reactivity and selectivity of cinchona alkaloids functional to anti-cancer agent. In this study, molecular modeling has been performed on forty-four cinchona alkaloid derivatives. These cinchona alkaloids derived compounds have been evaluated as anti-cancer agent. Herein, we observed molecular interactions between selectivity of cinchona alkaloids with estrogen α receptors (ER-α). The docking simulation showed 3 cinchona alkaloids derivatives (cinchonine 2-chlorobenzoate, cinchonidine benzoate and cinchonine 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate) have lower Gibbs free energy and and low kinetic inhibition compared to tamoxifen (as standard commercial) and there are 14 compounds that have relatively the same activity as tamoxifen from 44 alkaloid chincona derivatives.
Morinda citrifolia juice has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Indonesia to trea... more Morinda citrifolia juice has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Indonesia to treat various diseases, including lowering blood sugar levels. However, the compounds responsible for this activity have not been widely studied. This research aimed to isolate the marker compounds from fermented M. citrifolia juice extract based on bioassay guidelines of antidiabetic activity and reduction of DPPH. Separation and purification of the ethyl acetate fraction yielded two, namely compounds 1 and 2. The chemical structures of these marker compounds, identified as scopoletin (1) and quercetin (2), were elucidated by LCMS Spectrometry and NMR analyses. The IC50 values of compounds 1 and 2 were respectively 61.93 and 21.65 μM for α-glucosidase, with 844.06 and 35.23 μM for DPPH free radical scavenger effect. Based on these results, scopoletin and quercetin can be used as quality control biomarkers of products produced from fermented M. citrifolia juice extract.
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
The in-silico properties of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and drugs ... more The in-silico properties of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and drugs likeness of caproic acid ester derivativeswere evaluated. The esterification of caproic acid from palm kernel oil with sitronelol and geraniol from citronella oil has been carried out using base (NaOH) catalyst. The cytotoxicity of ester compounds were also tested against P388 murine leukemia cancer cell lines using MTT method. Analysis of the ester productswere carried outusing spectroscopic (IR, MS and 1H-NMR) methods, which were confirmed that the desired compounds were successfully synthesized. Caproic acid ester derivatives showed higher anticancer activity compared to the parent caproic acid for P388 cancer cell lines. Citronellyl caproate with IC50 4.15x10-2µM has the strongeractivity than geranyl caproate with IC50 11x10-2 µM. ADME studies for the synthesized compounds revealed that the ester compounds have fulfill the Lipinski rule of five and has no carcinogenicity effect to r...
In this study, phytochemical screening, docking study, and cytotoxicity against MCF7 and 3T3 cell... more In this study, phytochemical screening, docking study, and cytotoxicity against MCF7 and 3T3 cell lines of Indonesian sea cucumber Stichopus sp. fractions were investigated. The total phenol content and phytochemicals screening of these samples were ascertained by a fraction conventional method. The thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay was applied to determine the effect of Stichopus sp. fractions on cell viability. Phytochemical screening exhibited positive results for alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids. The highest amount of phenol content was discovered in the hexane fraction, and the lowest was in the sediment. A molecular docking study was conducted to examine the interaction between the Stichopus sp. chemical compounds and the MMP-9 cancer protein. The results of the in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity against the MCF7 and 3T3 cell lines of Indonesian sea cucumber Stichopus sp. clearly revealed that all of the fractions are toxic for cancerous MCF7 cell lines and most fractions are not toxic for non-cancerous 3T3 cell lines (normal cell lines). The in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity against the MCF7 and 3T3 cell lines showed that Stichopus sp. fractions have the ability to be a potential candidate for anticancer drugs.
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, 2021
Degenerative disease is a disease that has a large number of sufferers in Indonesia and throughou... more Degenerative disease is a disease that has a large number of sufferers in Indonesia and throughout the world, one of the causes of many sufferers of degenerative diseases such as diabetes and cancer is the large amount of exposure to free radicals in the body as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle. Antioxidant compounds are one of the chemical compounds that can be used and utilized to inhibit the oxidation process as a result of the presence of free radicals, so that the incidence of degenerative diseases can be suppressed. In this study, the active extraction and fractionation process from Macaranga magna Turrill leaves which have antioxidant activity and can be developed as a compound inhibiting the oxidation process of free radicals using the chromatographic method, as well as testing the antioxidant activity using the free radical inhibition method 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Preliminary test results of antioxidant activity on the methanol extract of Macaranga magna T...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Nowadays, the antimicrobial resistance is considered as one of the greatest concern facing human ... more Nowadays, the antimicrobial resistance is considered as one of the greatest concern facing human health, as many of bacterial strains had become resistant to available antibiotics. The misuse of antibiotics has potentially reduced the efficacy of drugs, concurrent with the increase of bacterial resistance to commercially available drugs. Therefore, the discovery of effective antimicrobial agents are desperately needed to overcome this epidemic, especially from traditional medical plants and their derivatives. Quinine is a natural alkaloid from the bark of the cinchona tree that has been used for years as an antimalarial drug. Various literatures also regarded an antibacterial effect of quinine against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms. With this vision, a series of some novel quinine derivatives were synthesized and their biological activities against pathogenic bacteria were assessed. This present study therefore attempted to examine the antimicrobial p...
Synthesis of dihydrocoumarin derivatives from methyl trans-cinnamate is described. The reaction c... more Synthesis of dihydrocoumarin derivatives from methyl trans-cinnamate is described. The reaction can be carried out as a simple one pot reaction using acid catalyst. Firstly, methyl trans-cinnamate was converted into cinnamic acid via hydrolysis reaction with alkaline. Secondly, esterification reaction of cinnamic acid was carried out by using an acid catalyst p-toluensulfonic acid with phenol, o-cresol, p-cresol which lead to the production of 4phenylchroman-2-one, 8-methyl-4-phenylchroman-2-one, and 6-methyl-4-phenylchroman-2-one. Keywords-dihydrocoumarin derivatives, methyl trans-cinnmate, cinnamic acid, 4-phenylchroman-2-one, 8-methyl-4phenylchroman-2-one, and 6-methyl-4-phenylchroman-2-one. _________________________________________________________________________________ 1. INTRODUCTION Methyl trans-cinnamate is basically a kind of essential oil which is contained in a lot of quantities in a plant from Alpinia malaccensis species of Zingiberaceae families, which is one of the most important groups of medicinal plants 1. Methyl trans-cinnamate has been successfully isolated from A. malaccensis with a high yield and good purity 2. Research in the field of organic synthesis of methyl trans-cinnamate derivative also has evolved. Cinnamic acid is an analog derivative of methyl trans-cinnamate, which is included in pathway derivative of shikimic acid 3. Cinnamic acid and its natural derivatives are known for its use in the treatment of cancer for several centuries. Ginsenoside Rg1 from ginseng, cinnamic acid from Xuanshen, and tanshinon IIA from Danshen (RCT) is the traditional treatment for keeping someone from aging and maintaining the chemical balance for the whole the body to prevent from any disease. Exploring further, RCT is given into osteosarcoma cell (MG-63) which is a histologic form of the most common of bone-cancer 4. Other derivatives of cinnamic acid compounds are caffeic acid, cinnamide, cinnamoyl ester, cinnamic acid, and hydrazide. These derivatives of cinnamic acid compounds, both natural and synthetic one, have been tested as anti-cancer agents. Cinnamic acid and some compounds of its derivatives have been examined as good inhibitor against activity of AKR1C3. AKR1C3 is cancer cell which forms with the existence of hormones such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, and endometrial cancers. Cinnamic acid and 3,4,5-trimetoksisinamat acid (IC 50 = 50 µM) are good inhibitors against AKR1C3 (IC 50 = 50 µM). In addition, caffeic acid has a potential as low cytotoxic in vitro who fight the cells myeloid leukemia (HL-60) and also potentially as a chemopreventive agent for fight against skin cancer 5. Combination of cinnamic acid compounds and guanylhydrazone also has been synthesized. The resulted compounds of the synthesis has a high activity for fighting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv which is a causal agent of tuberculosis (TB) 6. Bairwa et al. (2010) and Li et al. (2011) reported the synthesis of cinnamic acid with thionyl chloride producing halide acid 6. This halide acid can be reacted with alcohol so that become ester cinnamate (cinnamoyl ester). Cinnamate ester is a group of anticancer agent. Some cinnamate ester which was isolated from Netherlands propolis, benzyl caffeat, phenethyl caffeate, and cinnamoyl caffeate were found to be potent an antiproliferative agents toward colon 26-L5 carcinoma with EC 50 values of 0.288, 1.76, and 0.114 µg/mL respectively. Phenethyl caffeate (Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester, CAPE) has several biology activities such as antioxidants, anti-inflammation, and inhibition of tumor growth 5 .One way of manufacturing of coumarin is with hydroarylation of cinnamic acid and phenol by using strong acid 7. Coumarin
The medicinal plant Morinda citrifolia has been widely used in traditional medicine in Asian coun... more The medicinal plant Morinda citrifolia has been widely used in traditional medicine in Asian countries, including Indonesia. This medicinal plant has a wide therapeutic effect. Many studies have been carried out to verify the efficacy of the medicinal plant M. citrifolia. The study aims to investigate the chemical compounds of M. citrifolia fruit extracts and evaluate osteoporosis activity. This study discusses the molecular docking approach to identify the effect of active compounds of M. citrifolia fruit extracts against osteoporosis. The results showed that the active compounds quercetin, asperuloside tetraacetate, isoscopoletin and scopoletin have strong binding efficiency against osteoporosis protein 1TU6 compared to the positive control risedronate. Overall, this research study can be a predictive reference for further experimental research in vitro, in vivo and clinical applications for the mechanism of the active compound M. citrifolia against osteoporosis.
Sintesis senyawa N-Oktilsinnamamid yang diturunkan dari senyawa metil trans-sinamat dengan menggu... more Sintesis senyawa N-Oktilsinnamamid yang diturunkan dari senyawa metil trans-sinamat dengan menggunakan katalis basa telah dilakukan. Senyawa metil sinamat terlebih dahulu dikonversi menjadi asam sinamat melalui reaksi hidrolisis dengan basa menghasilkan asam sinamat. Selanjutnya asam sinamat diamidasi dengan menggunakan oktilamin dan 1,3 disikloheksilkarboodiimide (DCC) dan 4-dimetilaminopiridin (DMAP) sebagai katalis. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh rendemen hasil sintesis asam sinamat, sintesis N-Oktilsinnamami yang cukup baik. Hasil reaksi diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR dan LC-MS. Uji sitotoksik senyawa N-Oktilsinamamid terhadap sel leukemia P388 diperoleh nilai IC50=6.71 µg/mL. Synthesis of N-Octylcinnamamide compound derived from methyl trans-cinnamate using abase catalyst has been done. First, The compound of methyl trans-cinnamate was converted into cinnamic acid by hydrolysis reaction with an alkaline condition. Furthermore cinnamic acid was amidated by usin...
The aim of this study is to make a formula of green tea that is enriched by other herbs. Green te... more The aim of this study is to make a formula of green tea that is enriched by other herbs. Green tea drinks are made using the basic ingredients of gambung (THG) green tea enriched with sapodilla leaves ( Manilkara zapota (Aw) bay leaves ( Syzygium polyanthum (Am), Artocarpus communis (Un) breadfruit leaves, and cinnamon leaves ( Cinnamomum verum (K)). The composition of gambung herbal green tea is made by reference to the antidiabetic activity of each herb. All the samples were tested for inhibition of α-glucosidase enzymes and toxicity using the lethality test method for brine shrimp. All samples showed good inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme barriers of gamboeng green tea (THG) 82.05%, sapodilla leaves (Aw) 97.81%, breadfruit leaves (Un) 73.34%, bay leaves (Am) 93.80%, cinnamon leaves (K) 91.24 %. The inhibition value of α-glucoside enzymes in the formulation of gamboeng herbal green tea drinks: 96.203% (GKUn) is higher when compared to the GKAm formula (94.78%) and GKAw (62.48...
The aim of this study was to observe molecular interactions between alpha glucosidase inhibitor w... more The aim of this study was to observe molecular interactions between alpha glucosidase inhibitor waith alpha glucosidase enzyme derived from Saccharomyces cereviseae, Rattus norvegicus and GANC-human. Therefore, they were used against four of the well-known alpha glucosidase inhibitors such as 1-deoxynojirimycin, aarbose, miglitol and voglibose against macromolecule targets of alpha glucosidase enzymes above. Consequently, molecular docking studies were carried out to explore the binding interactions of the well-known alpha glucosidase inhibitors with alpha glucosidase enzymes. We had compared the selected alpha glucosidase inhibitors by means of a computer-aided drug design protocol involving homology modeling of the target icantprotein and the virtual screening with docking simulations in the binding free energy function. Compared to acarbose, miglitol or voglibose, 1-deoxynojirimycin showed a significant inhibition of three target macromolecules of alpha glucosidase enzyme. 1-deox...
Background: Increased lipase activity can increase the amount of monoglycerides and fatty acids a... more Background: Increased lipase activity can increase the amount of monoglycerides and fatty acids absorbed by the body, this is what affects obesity. If pancreatic lipase activity is inhibited, the production of fatty acids will decrease, consequently the level of fat in the blood will also decrease. Objective: To study anti obesity potential of a single herb or a mixture of green tea and other herbs (Syzygium polyanthum. Lv, Artocarpus communis.Lv, Cinnamomum verum..Lv, Manilkara zapota.Lv, Tectona grandis.Lv) by the in vitro inhibition assay of the lipase enzyme activity Method: A single (8 herbs) or a mixture of three herbs powder (12 formulas) was put into a tea bag with a total weight of 1.5 g to be brewed in 100 mL bottled mineral water at 700-900C for 10 minutes. In vitro lipase enzyme inhibition assay were conducted to measure the ability of these samples as lipase inhibitor. Orlistat used as positive lipase inhibitor. Results: There was a difference results of lipase inhibiti...
Article history: Received on: 05/12/2013 Revised on: 16/01/2014 Accepted on: 21/02/2014 Available... more Article history: Received on: 05/12/2013 Revised on: 16/01/2014 Accepted on: 21/02/2014 Available online: 30/03/2014 Cinnamic acid derivative compound was investigated for the anti-cancer inhibitory activity. To be able to obtain compounds that have bioactivity as above, it is needed to study quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) which is the process by which the chemical structure is quantitatively correlated with biological activity/chemical reactivity. Chemical methods used in synthesizing the chemical of methyl trans-cinnamate derivatives are tailored to match their targeted bioactivities. Here, we investigated the anti-cancer inhibitor compound with the method amidation of cinnamic acid derivative compounds. In this reaction we use two steps to get the target product. Firstly, we hydrolize of methyl trans-cinnamate to cinnamic acid. That reaction has a yield 85.5 % and secondly, we amidate of cinnamic acid to metil 2-cinnamamido-3-hydroxy propanoate has a yield of...
Concept the role played by modified quinine in the asymmetric hydroxyl group inspired studies of ... more Concept the role played by modified quinine in the asymmetric hydroxyl group inspired studies of modified quinine as chiral organic that lead to drug discovery development. A simple and efficient method for C-9 alkylation and arylation of quinine derivatives was reported. Series quinine derivatives were synthesized through the esterification of the hydroxyl group of quinine. The reaction with various alkyl and aryl carbonyl chloride resulted in the series of ester quinine derivatives. The structure of quinine derivatives was characterized by IR, melting point, UV, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, LCMS.
COVID-19 is a recent coronavirus outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 beginning in early December 2019 i... more COVID-19 is a recent coronavirus outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 beginning in early December 2019 in Wuhan China raising global health problems. The SARS coronavirus main peptidase (SARS-CoV M(pro)) plays an essential role in the life-cycle of the virus and is a primary target for the development of anti-SARS agents. Also, the viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease 3 (3CLpro) enzyme controls coronavirus replication and is essential for its life cycle. Therefore, herein, we performed in silico virtual screening of the compounds from Cassia alata and Dendrophthoe petandra such as; aloe-emodin, emodin, kaempferol, quercetin and quercitrin against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and also 3CLpro through molecular docking approach using Autodock 4.2, with the Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm. The binding energies obtained from the result of molecular docking of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and also 3CLpro quercetin, kaempferol and aloe-emodin appeared to have the best potential to act as COVID-19 inhibitors.
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