
Sylwia Wajda
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Papers by Sylwia Wajda
near Kołobrzeg (Poland). In the course of recent archaeological research in the years 2014-2016, among others, a series
of glass beads were discovered, which were discussed in technological, formal and chronological terms.
Books by Sylwia Wajda
(the site is located between the Third and Fourth Cataracts, about
10 km from Old Dongola) has led to the discovery of the remains
of a church and a fortified settlement surrounding it. Excavations
have brought numerous finds, including more than 120 fragments
of glass vessels, dating from the seventh to the fourteenth
century. Various types of bottles, windowpanes, fragments
of vessels with tonged, mould-blown decoration, and marvered
glasses can be distinguished. Chemical composition analysis of
58 glass fragments was carried out. Almost all the samples examined
can be classified in the sodium glass group. The samples
examined were assigned to pre-established glass groups, allowing
the chronology of essential changes in glass production in
the region to be determined. The results indicate that in the Early
Islamic period (seventh to ninth centuries), the glassware that
reached Banganarti was mainly produced using natron. Fragments
of glass vessels from the period between ssthe tenth/eleventh
and fourteenth centuries belong to glasses smelted using the
ashes of halophytic plants.
Zamość district is a group of four ornaments that were
discovered in burials dated to between the 7th and the
8th century AD. The beads were made using two techniques
- by winding a glass thread (Fig. 1: a, c, d), and
by pulling out a glass tube, which was cut into smaller
pieces (Fig. 1: b). The individual specimens show numerous
traces of the technique of their production,
such as the un-sunk edges of the glass strand (Fig. 1:
a1, d1) or the glass draws (Fig. 1: b1). All specimens are
preserved in their entirety, the glass is of good quality,
but covered with numerous corrosion pits. The beads
made in the technique of winding in terms of form
and colour are quite common type of glass ornaments
and it is difficult to indicate their provenance. One
specimen made of a glass tube of red-brown, opaque
glass is identical to the beads discovered on the settlement
in Velegoz, Tula region, on the upper Oka
river, which can be dated to between the 4th and the
5th century, perhaps to the 6th century AD. It can be
assumed that it comes from glass workshops operating
within the Byzantine Empire
near Kołobrzeg (Poland). In the course of recent archaeological research in the years 2014-2016, among others, a series
of glass beads were discovered, which were discussed in technological, formal and chronological terms.
(the site is located between the Third and Fourth Cataracts, about
10 km from Old Dongola) has led to the discovery of the remains
of a church and a fortified settlement surrounding it. Excavations
have brought numerous finds, including more than 120 fragments
of glass vessels, dating from the seventh to the fourteenth
century. Various types of bottles, windowpanes, fragments
of vessels with tonged, mould-blown decoration, and marvered
glasses can be distinguished. Chemical composition analysis of
58 glass fragments was carried out. Almost all the samples examined
can be classified in the sodium glass group. The samples
examined were assigned to pre-established glass groups, allowing
the chronology of essential changes in glass production in
the region to be determined. The results indicate that in the Early
Islamic period (seventh to ninth centuries), the glassware that
reached Banganarti was mainly produced using natron. Fragments
of glass vessels from the period between ssthe tenth/eleventh
and fourteenth centuries belong to glasses smelted using the
ashes of halophytic plants.
Zamość district is a group of four ornaments that were
discovered in burials dated to between the 7th and the
8th century AD. The beads were made using two techniques
- by winding a glass thread (Fig. 1: a, c, d), and
by pulling out a glass tube, which was cut into smaller
pieces (Fig. 1: b). The individual specimens show numerous
traces of the technique of their production,
such as the un-sunk edges of the glass strand (Fig. 1:
a1, d1) or the glass draws (Fig. 1: b1). All specimens are
preserved in their entirety, the glass is of good quality,
but covered with numerous corrosion pits. The beads
made in the technique of winding in terms of form
and colour are quite common type of glass ornaments
and it is difficult to indicate their provenance. One
specimen made of a glass tube of red-brown, opaque
glass is identical to the beads discovered on the settlement
in Velegoz, Tula region, on the upper Oka
river, which can be dated to between the 4th and the
5th century, perhaps to the 6th century AD. It can be
assumed that it comes from glass workshops operating
within the Byzantine Empire