Özet: Bu araştırma, mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona değişik oranlarda enzim ve probiyotik ... more Özet: Bu araştırma, mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona değişik oranlarda enzim ve probiyotik katılmasının Japon bıldırcmlarında canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, karkas randımanı ile serum biyokimyasal parametreleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada toplam 225 adet i haftalık Japon bıldırcın civcivi (Coturnix coturnix japonica) kuııanılmıştır. Her birinde 45'er hayvan bulunan bir kontrol ve dört deneme grubu düzenlenmiştir. Kontrol grubu katkısız , temel yemle beslenmiş, deneme grupları 1,2,3 ve 'ün yemlerine sırasıyla, 100 ve 200 ppm enzim, 1000 ve 2000 ppm probiyotik katılmıştır. Araştırma 5 hafta devam etmiştir. Araştırma sonunda mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona enzim ve probiyotik katkısı bıldırcınlarda canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı ve karkas randımanında gnıplar arasında istatistiksel bir fark oluşturmamıştır (p>0.05). Enzim ve probiyotik katkısı serum glukoz, kolesterol ve total protein seviyelerini düşürmüş (p<O.OOI), trigliserid ve albumin seviyelerini ise etkilememiştir (p>0.05). Mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona enzim ve probiyotik ilavesi bıldırcınlarda besi performansı üzerine bir etki oluşturmamış, serum glukoz, kolesterol ve total protein seviyelerini düşürmüştür.
Özet: Hatay bölgesinde Mart-Haziran dönemlerinde mera şartlarında yetiştirilen, ilave yem verilme... more Özet: Hatay bölgesinde Mart-Haziran dönemlerinde mera şartlarında yetiştirilen, ilave yem verilmeyen ve klinik olarak sağlıklı görünen koyunlarda bak'ır ve çinko değerleri serum ve yün örneklerinde; senıloplazmin düzeyleri ise serumda araştırıldı. Mineral madde analizleri atomik absorbsiyon spektrofotometrede, senıloplazmin düzeyleri spektrofotometrede ölçüldü. Ortalama serum bakır düzeyi 0.57:t0.O] ppm, çinko 0.65:t0.01 ppm ve seruloplazmin 16.74:tOA3 mg/d] olarak tespit edildi. Bölgelerarası senım bakır değerleri arasında istatistiksel fark bulunmazken (p>0.10); çinko ve seru10plazmin değerleri yönünden önemli farklılık bulundu (pdJ.OO I). Senıloplazmin ile senım bakır değerleri arasında pozitif zayıf dereeede bir ilişkinin olduğü görüldü. Ortalaımı yün bakır değeri 4AO:t0.24 ppm ve çinko düzeyi 48.51 :t2.26 ppm olarak saptandı. Bölgeler arasında yün bakır ve çinko değerleri yönünden anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>O.1 O). Hatay bölgesi koyunlarında yün ve senım bakır düzeyinin kritik sınıra yakın; çinkonun ise normal değerlerden düşük olduğu saptandı. Meraya dayalı beslemenin yapıldığı dönemde hayvanlara mineral takviyelerinin yapılımısı gerektiği sonueuna varıldı. Anahtar kelimeler: Bakır, çinko, senıloplazmin, serum, yün An investigatiön of copper, zinc, ceruloplasmin levels in serum, copper and zinc levels in wool samples of seasonal grazing sheep Summary: Copper and zine levels were determined in serum and woo1 samples, cenıloplasmin level was determined in serum. The samples were colleeted from elinieally healty, grazing sheep between Mareh-hıne in Hatay region. Additional feed was not given to sheep during this season. Mineral levels were analysed by atomie absorption speetrophotometry, eenıloplasmin levels were measured by speetrophotometry. Mean serum eopper, zine and eenıloplasmin levels were 0.57:t0.Ol ppm, 0.65:tO.OI ppm, 16.74:tOA3 ppm, respeetively.
Cadmium (Cd) exposure has been recognized to result in a wide variety of cellular responses, incl... more Cadmium (Cd) exposure has been recognized to result in a wide variety of cellular responses, including oxidative stress and body weight loss. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of lycopene supplementation on the antioxidant defense system, lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production, and body weight in Cd-exposed rats. Animals were divided into four groups (n=7): control, Cd-treated, Cd plus lycopene-treated, and lycopene-treated. Cadmium (as CdCl 2 ) was administrated orally for 20 days (6.6 mg kg −1 day −1 ), and lycopene (10 mg kg −1 day −1 ) was similarly administered. Lycopene administration significantly suppressed Cd-induced LPO in plasma and kidney homogenates. Lycopene also reversed Cd-decreased body weight compared to the control. Cadmium treatment had diverse effects on the antioxidant enzyme activities. Although antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity was unchanged, glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased, and catalase activity was elevated in kidney homogenates of Cd-administrated group. However, lycopene treatment reversed Cd-changed enzyme activities to the control level. Xanthine oxidase activity and TNF-α concentration were not altered by Cd administration, indicating that superoxide anion production and inflammation were not stimulated. Cadmium did not change NO levels in kidney homogenates but decreased those in plasma, and this effect was not prevented by lycopene supplementation. The result suggests that consumption of adequate levels of lycopene may be useful to prevent heavy-metal-induced LPO and body weight loss.
In this study, 25 female and 15 male mongrel dogs, aged ranging from i to 7 years, were used. The... more In this study, 25 female and 15 male mongrel dogs, aged ranging from i to 7 years, were used. They were subjected to clinical, ultrasonographical and biochemical examinations. Ultrasonographically in 18 of the 40 do gs (45%), different kidney abnormalities were observed, whereas the other 22 dogs were found normaL. Likewise, serum urea and creatinine levels were measured to be higher in the dogs with kidney abnormalities. Serum creatinine elearance estimated using the Cockroft-Gault equation was exceeding the physiological range. In conelusion, for mongrel dogs ultrasonographic examination, measurements of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and calculation of serum creatinine elearance using the Cockroft-Gault equation might be useful to diagnose early kidney abnormalities.
Imidacloprid is the most important example of the neonicotinoid insecticides known to target the ... more Imidacloprid is the most important example of the neonicotinoid insecticides known to target the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in insects, and potentially in mammals. In the present study, oxidant and inflammatory responses to chronic exposure of imidacloprid was studied in rats. Wistar rats were randomly allocated into two groups as control and imidacloprid-exposed group (n = 10 rat/each group). 1 mg/kg/BW/day imidacloprid was administrated orally by gavage for 30 days. After exposure, rats were euthanized and liver and brain samples were surgically removed for analyses. Imidacloprid application caused a significant increase in nitric oxide production in brain (p < 0.05) and liver (p < 0.001). The quantitative analyses of mRNA confirmed the finding that imidacloprid induced the mRNA transcriptions of the three isoforms of nitric oxide synthases (iNOS, eNOS, nNOS) in brain and two isoforms (iNOS, eNOS) in the liver. Exposure to imidacloprid caused significant lipid peroxidation in plasma, brain (p < 0.001) and liver (p < 0.003). While the superoxide-generating enzyme xanthine oxidase activity was elevated in both tissues (p < 0.001), myeloperoxidase activity was increased only in the liver (p < 0.001). Antioxidant enzyme activities showed various alterations following exposure, but a significantly depleted antioxidant glutathione level was detected in brain (p < 0.008). Evidence of chronic inflammation by imidacloprid was observed as induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12 and IFN-c in the liver and brain. In conclusion, chronic imidacloprid exposure causes oxidative stress and inflammation by altering antioxidant systems and inducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the liver and central nervous system of non-target organisms.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of caffeic acid phe... more Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), vitamin C, vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty rats were randomly devided into six groups: (i) control; (ii) vancomycin, 200 mg/kg administrated via intraperitoneal route; (iii) vancomycin plus CAPE – vancomycin with 10 µmol/kg CAPE; (iv) vancomycin plus vitamin C – vancomycin (intraperitoneally) with 200 mg/dl vitamin C in drinking water; (v) vancomycin plus vitamin E – vancomycin with 1000 mg/kg body weight vitamin E (intramuscularly); and (vi) vancomycin plus N-acetylcysteine – vancomycin with 10 mg/kg body weight (intraperitoneally) of N-acetylcysteine. Vancomycin treatments were started 1 day after the first administrations of these agents and continued for 7 days. At the end of the experiments, catalase activity was significantly decreased by vancomycin in kidney homogenates (P < 0.05). Vitamin E, vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine and CAPE administrations decreased the blood urea nitrogen levels increased by vancomycin, although significant differences were detected only in the vitamins E and C groups (P < 0.05). Increased renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels by vancomycin were significantly suppressed by agents used in the study (P < 0.05). Histopathological examination demonstrated prominent damages in the vancomycin-treated group. Vitamin E was the most beneficial agent on vancomycin-induced tubular damage, followed by vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine and CAPE treatments, respectively. The data suggest that vitamin E, as well as vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine and CAPE, could be useful for reducing the detrimental effects on vancomycin-induced toxicity in kidneys.
Cadmium (Cd) exposure has been recognized to result in a wide variety of cellular responses, incl... more Cadmium (Cd) exposure has been recognized to result in a wide variety of cellular responses, including oxidative stress and body weight loss. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of lycopene supplementation on the antioxidant defense system, lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production, and body weight in Cd-exposed rats. Animals were divided into four groups (n = 7): control, Cd-treated, Cd plus lycopene-treated, and lycopene-treated. Cadmium (as CdCl2) was administrated orally for 20 days (6.6 mg kg−1 day−1), and lycopene (10 mg kg−1 day−1) was similarly administered. Lycopene administration significantly suppressed Cd-induced LPO in plasma and kidney homogenates. Lycopene also reversed Cd-decreased body weight compared to the control. Cadmium treatment had diverse effects on the antioxidant enzyme activities. Although antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity was unchanged, glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased, and catalase activity was elevated in kidney homogenates of Cd-administrated group. However, lycopene treatment reversed Cd-changed enzyme activities to the control level. Xanthine oxidase activity and TNF-α concentration were not altered by Cd administration, indicating that superoxide anion production and inflammation were not stimulated. Cadmium did not change NO levels in kidney homogenates but decreased those in plasma, and this effect was not prevented by lycopene supplementation. The result suggests that consumption of adequate levels of lycopene may be useful to prevent heavy-metal-induced LPO and body weight loss.
The objective of this study was to collect rectal swabs from the cattle in a slaughterhouse locat... more The objective of this study was to collect rectal swabs from the cattle in a slaughterhouse located in Hatay (Turkey) immediately after slaughter for the isolation and characterization of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in each month during a 1-year period. The rectal swab samples were analyzed for the isolation of E. coli O157 through preenrichment, immunomagnetic separation and selective plating on CT-SMAC agar. E. coli O157 was isolated from 77 (13.6%) of the samples. The presence of E. coli O157 changed during a 1-year period, in that the occurrence of E. coli O157 was the highest in July and November and lowest in February. A total of 66 isolates out of 77 were seroytpe O157:H7 and 11 were serotype O157:NM. PCR analysis of E. coli O157 virulence genes revealed that all O157:H7/NM were positive for rbfO157, 74 positive for EhlyA, 72 positive for eaeA, 62 positive for vtx2, and 3 positive for both vtx1 and vtx2. It was presented by cytotoxicity tests that many of E. coli O157 isolates showed high cytotoxicity on Vero cells. All of the isolates containing EhlyA showed enterohaemolysin production.
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A-physiology Pathology Clinical Medicine, 2003
A total of 135 laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), 9 weeks old, were divided into three d... more A total of 135 laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), 9 weeks old, were divided into three dietary treatment groups. Three replicates were assigned to each treatment group consisting of 15 birds per cage. The diet was supplemented with 0, 100 and 200 ppm Yucca schidigera powder and given ad libitum to the quails for a period of 14 weeks. Body weight, egg production, feed consumption and feed efficiency were not different due to dietary treatments among the groups. Increased egg weight was determined in the control group.Yucca powder supplementation decreased serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride level in laying quails. Serum total protein concentration was not changed by dietary treatments but albumin level was decreased in quails fed 100 ppm yucca powder. Egg yolk cholesterol concentration was not significantly different among the groups but tended to decline (11.5%) as a result of yucca supplementation. Red Blood Cell (RBC) and White Blood Cell (WBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were not affected by supplementation of yucca powder. However, haemoglobin (HB) concentration was slightly increased and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was significantly increased by 200 ppm yucca powder supplementation to the diet.
PDE4A7 is an isoform encoded by the human PDE4A cAMPspecific phosphodiesterase gene that fails to... more PDE4A7 is an isoform encoded by the human PDE4A cAMPspecific phosphodiesterase gene that fails to hydrolyse cAMP and whose transcripts are widely expressed. Removal of either the Nor C-terminal unique portions of PDE4A7 did not reconstitute catalytic activity, showing that they did not exert a chronic inhibitory effect. A chimera (Hyb2), formed by swapping the unique N-terminal portion of PDE4A7 with that of the active PDE4A4C form, was not catalytically active. However, one formed (Hyb1) by swapping the unique C-terminal portion of PDE4A7 with that common to all active PDE4 isoforms was catalytically active. Compared with the active PDE4A4B isoform, Hyb1 exhibited a similar K m value for cAMP and IC 50 value for rolipram inhibition, but was less sensitive to inhibition by Ro-20-1724 and denbufylline, and considerably more sensitive to thermal denaturation. The unique C-terminal region of PDE4A7 was unable to support an active catalytic unit, whereas its unique N-terminal region can. The N-terminal portion of the PDE4 catalytic unit is essential for catalytic activity and can be supplied by either highly conserved sequence found in active PDE4 isoforms from all four PDE4 subfamilies or the unique N-terminal portion of PDE4A7. A discrete portion of the conserved C-terminal region in active PDE4A isoforms underpins their aberrant migration on SDS/PAGE. Unlike active PDE4A isoforms, PDE4A7 is exclusively localized to the P1 particulate fraction in cells. A region located within the C-terminal portion of active PDE4 isoforms prevents such exclusive targeting. Three functional regions in PDE4A isoforms are identified, which influence catalytic activity, subcellular targeting and conformational status.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was screened for hypoglycemic and liver-protective activity i... more Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was screened for hypoglycemic and liver-protective activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was established by single dose STZ injection (45 mg kg−1 bw, i.p.) for 48 h. CAPE was injected at doses of 10, 20 and 30 μM kg−1 bw day−1 (i.p.) to the rats in CAPEI, CAPEII and CAPEIII groups 2 days after induction of diabetes and continued for 60 days, thereafter. It was found that diabetes down-regulated the expressions of glucokinase (7.8-fold) and pyruvate kinase (6.4-fold) in comparison to control, however, phoshoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA levels were up-regulated by 2.2-fold. CAPE treatments enhanced the expressions of glucokinase (3.4–14.9-folds), and pyruvate kinase (3.2–12.8-folds) mRNAs in diabetic rats. However, phoshoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA expression was decreased by CAPE to varying degrees (1.2–5.5-fold). CAPE increased (∼2-fold) the level of plasma insulin previously decreased by STZ treatment. Here we demonstrate that CAPE significantly decreased the fasting blood levels of glucose, alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, and triglyceride induced by diabetes. CAPE increased the liver glycogen level lowered by diabetes. In histopathological evaluation of the liver, CAPE treatments were seen to reduce necrosis and anisonucleosis in hepatocytes, and connective tissue elevated in the portal region by diabetes. CAPE exhibits a significant potential as an antidiabetic agent by suppressing hepatic glucose output via inducing mRNA expression of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, whilst inhibiting phoshoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in diabetes. CAPE also has the ability to decrease the harmful effects of diabetes on the liver of rats.
Brucella species are able to survive and replicate within the phagocytic cells and cause chronic ... more Brucella species are able to survive and replicate within the phagocytic cells and cause chronic infections in domestic animals and humans. Modulation of programmed cell death by Brucella spp. may be one of the reasons of the chronicity of the infection. In this study, whether cisplatin treatment, an apoptotic anticancer agent, would enhance the host resistance against Brucella melitensis-infected human macrophagelike cells was investigated. The infection neither induced inflammation nor oxidative stress. But, Brucella caused a decrease in infected macrophage viability of 36% at 48 h postinfection (p.i.) as compared with uninfected cells. Treatment of infected macrophages with 20 lM cisplatin for 48 h caused a large increase in nitric oxide (NO) levels in a time-dependent manner via induction of iNOS transcription. Cisplatin also enhanced glutathione peroxidase, myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase activities, providing evidence of generation of reactive free radicals. N-acetylcysteine was able to decrease cisplatin-induced NO, and prevented the agent-induced apoptosis, similar to effects found in L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) treatment. Cisplatin stimulated inflammation through the induction of TNF-a and IL-12 secretion, and down-regulated Brucella-stimulated IL-10 transcription. The number of infected cells and their viability were decreased by 80% at 48 h p.i. by cisplatin in comparison with infected cells. Similar to this result, cisplatin treatment resulted in reduced intracellular CFU of B. melitensis being reduced by 80% at 48 h p.i. These findings demonstrate that pharmacological agents such as cisplatin may be considered to influence immune responses and apoptosis to help decrease Brucella-infected cell number.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2010
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics ... more The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics and phytobiotics on performance, small intestine weight, pH and caecal coliform counts of broilers. The influences of synbiotics and phytobiotics on oxidant/antioxidant status in the blood of broilers were also assessed. A total of 200 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, either fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 1 g/kg synbiotic, 1 g/kg phytobiotic or 1 g/kg synbiotic plus 1 g/kg phytobiotic. The diet supplemented with both synbiotic and phytobiotic had no effect on body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of broilers at the end of the study (p > 0.05). Neither small intestine weight nor pH was affected by any of the treatments. Supplementation of both synbiotic and phytobiotic to diet decreased the caecal coliform count (p < 0.01). Addition of synbiotics and phytobiotics in combination significantly increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p ≤ 0.05), whereasphytobiotic addition alone showed only a slight increase. Similarly, elevated nitric oxide (NO) level was recorded in the synbiotic- and phytobiotic-fed group and in the phytobiotic-fed group (p ≤ 0.001). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of synbiotic and phytobiotic improved the gut health by decreasing the caecal total coliform count, but growth performance was not affected by the supplementations. Further investigations are needed to determine the effects of phytobiotics on oxidative/antioxidative metabolism as regards their compositional analysis.
Although oxidative damage is known to be involved in inflammatory-mediated tissue destruction, mo... more Although oxidative damage is known to be involved in inflammatory-mediated tissue destruction, modulation of oxygen free radical production represents a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis from honeybee hives, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. For that reason, we aimed to investigate the efficiency of CAPE administration in preventing oxidative damage in pyelonephritis (PYN) caused by Escherichia coli. In this study, 35 Wistar rats were grouped as follows: control, PYN 24 h, PYN 48 h, PYN 72 h, CAPE 24 h, CAPE 48 h and CAPE 72 h. E. coli (1 × 109 c.f.u.) were inoculated into the rats in both PYN and CAPE groups via urethral catheterization. Ten μM/kg-body weight CAPE was injected to the rats in all CAPE groups 24 h before E. coli infection, and injections were repeated at 24-h intervals. Rats were sacrificed 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after infection in both PYN and CAPE groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly increased in kidneys of PYN groups. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and xanthine oxidase (XO) were also elevated by E. coli. However, CAPE administration reduced MDA and NO levels, as well as XO activity, although it increased SOD and GSH-Px activities. Histopathological examination showed that CAPE reduced the inflammation grade induced by E. coli. In conclusion, CAPE administrations decrease the oxidative damage occurring in PYN and therefore could be used for medical management of bacterial nephropathy.
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology - PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYSIOL, 2010
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide and has been extensively used as a crop pest and pet ... more Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide and has been extensively used as a crop pest and pet flea control programme because it’s high specificity as an insecticide. Imidacloprid toxicity on mammalian tissues has not been adequately evaluated. In the present study, potential acute neuro and liver toxic effects of imidacloprid were analyzed in rats as a model of mammalian using antioxidant–oxidant and inflammatory system. 10 μM imidacloprid was administrated intravenously and 2 h post-administration, the rats were sacrificed, liver and brains were surgically removed. Exposure to imidacloprid led to significant increases in nitric oxide concentrations in brain, liver and plasma samples. The quantitative mRNA transcriptional analyses demonstrated that imidacloprid-elevated production of NO levels due to the induction of iNOS in liver, but neither nNOS nor iNOS were induced in brain. The oxidant-generating enzymes xanthine oxidase and myeloperoxidase activities in both tissues were elevated and significant lipid peroxidation in liver and plasma was observed. The antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were differently responded to imidacloprid administration. Significant intracellular glutathione depletion was also measured in both tissues. Imidacloprid treatment up-regulated inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA transcriptions by 2.5- to 5.2-fold increases in both brain and liver. Conversely, anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 mRNA was down-regulated in both organs. These results suggest that imidacloprid cause oxidative stress and inflammation in central nervous system and liver in non-target organisms in rats.
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2003
Özet: Bu araştırma, mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona değişik oranlarda enzim ve probiyotik ... more Özet: Bu araştırma, mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona değişik oranlarda enzim ve probiyotik katılmasının Japon bıldırcmlarında canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, karkas randımanı ile serum biyokimyasal parametreleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada toplam 225 adet i haftalık Japon bıldırcın civcivi (Coturnix coturnix japonica) kuııanılmıştır. Her birinde 45'er hayvan bulunan bir kontrol ve dört deneme grubu düzenlenmiştir. Kontrol grubu katkısız , temel yemle beslenmiş, deneme grupları 1,2,3 ve 'ün yemlerine sırasıyla, 100 ve 200 ppm enzim, 1000 ve 2000 ppm probiyotik katılmıştır. Araştırma 5 hafta devam etmiştir. Araştırma sonunda mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona enzim ve probiyotik katkısı bıldırcınlarda canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı ve karkas randımanında gnıplar arasında istatistiksel bir fark oluşturmamıştır (p>0.05). Enzim ve probiyotik katkısı serum glukoz, kolesterol ve total protein seviyelerini düşürmüş (p<O.OOI), trigliserid ve albumin seviyelerini ise etkilememiştir (p>0.05). Mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona enzim ve probiyotik ilavesi bıldırcınlarda besi performansı üzerine bir etki oluşturmamış, serum glukoz, kolesterol ve total protein seviyelerini düşürmüştür.
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2003
In this study, 25 female and 15 male mongrel dogs, aged ranging from i to 7 years, were used. The... more In this study, 25 female and 15 male mongrel dogs, aged ranging from i to 7 years, were used. They were subjected to clinical, ultrasonographical and biochemical examinations. Ultrasonographically in 18 of the 40 do gs (45%), different kidney abnormalities were observed, whereas the other 22 dogs were found normaL. Likewise, serum urea and creatinine levels were measured to be higher in the dogs with kidney abnormalities. Serum creatinine elearance estimated using the Cockroft-Gault equation was exceeding the physiological range. In conelusion, for mongrel dogs ultrasonographic examination, measurements of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and calculation of serum creatinine elearance using the Cockroft-Gault equation might be useful to diagnose early kidney abnormalities.
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2003
This study included 75 Damascus and its crossbreed goats from different age and sexes in the Hata... more This study included 75 Damascus and its crossbreed goats from different age and sexes in the Hatay province.
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2003
Özet: Hatay bölgesinde Mart-Haziran dönemlerinde mera şartlarında yetiştirilen, ilave yem verilme... more Özet: Hatay bölgesinde Mart-Haziran dönemlerinde mera şartlarında yetiştirilen, ilave yem verilmeyen ve klinik olarak sağlıklı görünen koyunlarda bak'ır ve çinko değerleri serum ve yün örneklerinde; senıloplazmin düzeyleri ise serumda araştırıldı. Mineral madde analizleri atomik absorbsiyon spektrofotometrede, senıloplazmin düzeyleri spektrofotometrede ölçüldü. Ortalama serum bakır düzeyi 0.57:t0.O] ppm, çinko 0.65:t0.01 ppm ve seruloplazmin 16.74:tOA3 mg/d] olarak tespit edildi. Bölgelerarası senım bakır değerleri arasında istatistiksel fark bulunmazken (p>0.10); çinko ve seru10plazmin değerleri yönünden önemli farklılık bulundu (pdJ.OO I). Senıloplazmin ile senım bakır değerleri arasında pozitif zayıf dereeede bir ilişkinin olduğü görüldü. Ortalaımı yün bakır değeri 4AO:t0.24 ppm ve çinko düzeyi 48.51 :t2.26 ppm olarak saptandı. Bölgeler arasında yün bakır ve çinko değerleri yönünden anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>O.1 O). Hatay bölgesi koyunlarında yün ve senım bakır düzeyinin kritik sınıra yakın; çinkonun ise normal değerlerden düşük olduğu saptandı. Meraya dayalı beslemenin yapıldığı dönemde hayvanlara mineral takviyelerinin yapılımısı gerektiği sonueuna varıldı. Anahtar kelimeler: Bakır, çinko, senıloplazmin, serum, yün An investigatiön of copper, zinc, ceruloplasmin levels in serum, copper and zinc levels in wool samples of seasonal grazing sheep Summary: Copper and zine levels were determined in serum and woo1 samples, cenıloplasmin level was determined in serum. The samples were colleeted from elinieally healty, grazing sheep between Mareh-hıne in Hatay region. Additional feed was not given to sheep during this season. Mineral levels were analysed by atomie absorption speetrophotometry, eenıloplasmin levels were measured by speetrophotometry. Mean serum eopper, zine and eenıloplasmin levels were 0.57:t0.Ol ppm, 0.65:tO.OI ppm, 16.74:tOA3 ppm, respeetively.
To evaluate the effects of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 enzyme inhibitor, on Escherichia coli-... more To evaluate the effects of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 enzyme inhibitor, on Escherichia coli-induced renal oxidative damage in an acute pyelonephritis (PYN) rat model.
Özet: Bu araştırma, mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona değişik oranlarda enzim ve probiyotik ... more Özet: Bu araştırma, mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona değişik oranlarda enzim ve probiyotik katılmasının Japon bıldırcmlarında canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, karkas randımanı ile serum biyokimyasal parametreleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada toplam 225 adet i haftalık Japon bıldırcın civcivi (Coturnix coturnix japonica) kuııanılmıştır. Her birinde 45'er hayvan bulunan bir kontrol ve dört deneme grubu düzenlenmiştir. Kontrol grubu katkısız , temel yemle beslenmiş, deneme grupları 1,2,3 ve 'ün yemlerine sırasıyla, 100 ve 200 ppm enzim, 1000 ve 2000 ppm probiyotik katılmıştır. Araştırma 5 hafta devam etmiştir. Araştırma sonunda mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona enzim ve probiyotik katkısı bıldırcınlarda canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı ve karkas randımanında gnıplar arasında istatistiksel bir fark oluşturmamıştır (p>0.05). Enzim ve probiyotik katkısı serum glukoz, kolesterol ve total protein seviyelerini düşürmüş (p<O.OOI), trigliserid ve albumin seviyelerini ise etkilememiştir (p>0.05). Mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona enzim ve probiyotik ilavesi bıldırcınlarda besi performansı üzerine bir etki oluşturmamış, serum glukoz, kolesterol ve total protein seviyelerini düşürmüştür.
Özet: Hatay bölgesinde Mart-Haziran dönemlerinde mera şartlarında yetiştirilen, ilave yem verilme... more Özet: Hatay bölgesinde Mart-Haziran dönemlerinde mera şartlarında yetiştirilen, ilave yem verilmeyen ve klinik olarak sağlıklı görünen koyunlarda bak'ır ve çinko değerleri serum ve yün örneklerinde; senıloplazmin düzeyleri ise serumda araştırıldı. Mineral madde analizleri atomik absorbsiyon spektrofotometrede, senıloplazmin düzeyleri spektrofotometrede ölçüldü. Ortalama serum bakır düzeyi 0.57:t0.O] ppm, çinko 0.65:t0.01 ppm ve seruloplazmin 16.74:tOA3 mg/d] olarak tespit edildi. Bölgelerarası senım bakır değerleri arasında istatistiksel fark bulunmazken (p>0.10); çinko ve seru10plazmin değerleri yönünden önemli farklılık bulundu (pdJ.OO I). Senıloplazmin ile senım bakır değerleri arasında pozitif zayıf dereeede bir ilişkinin olduğü görüldü. Ortalaımı yün bakır değeri 4AO:t0.24 ppm ve çinko düzeyi 48.51 :t2.26 ppm olarak saptandı. Bölgeler arasında yün bakır ve çinko değerleri yönünden anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>O.1 O). Hatay bölgesi koyunlarında yün ve senım bakır düzeyinin kritik sınıra yakın; çinkonun ise normal değerlerden düşük olduğu saptandı. Meraya dayalı beslemenin yapıldığı dönemde hayvanlara mineral takviyelerinin yapılımısı gerektiği sonueuna varıldı. Anahtar kelimeler: Bakır, çinko, senıloplazmin, serum, yün An investigatiön of copper, zinc, ceruloplasmin levels in serum, copper and zinc levels in wool samples of seasonal grazing sheep Summary: Copper and zine levels were determined in serum and woo1 samples, cenıloplasmin level was determined in serum. The samples were colleeted from elinieally healty, grazing sheep between Mareh-hıne in Hatay region. Additional feed was not given to sheep during this season. Mineral levels were analysed by atomie absorption speetrophotometry, eenıloplasmin levels were measured by speetrophotometry. Mean serum eopper, zine and eenıloplasmin levels were 0.57:t0.Ol ppm, 0.65:tO.OI ppm, 16.74:tOA3 ppm, respeetively.
Cadmium (Cd) exposure has been recognized to result in a wide variety of cellular responses, incl... more Cadmium (Cd) exposure has been recognized to result in a wide variety of cellular responses, including oxidative stress and body weight loss. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of lycopene supplementation on the antioxidant defense system, lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production, and body weight in Cd-exposed rats. Animals were divided into four groups (n=7): control, Cd-treated, Cd plus lycopene-treated, and lycopene-treated. Cadmium (as CdCl 2 ) was administrated orally for 20 days (6.6 mg kg −1 day −1 ), and lycopene (10 mg kg −1 day −1 ) was similarly administered. Lycopene administration significantly suppressed Cd-induced LPO in plasma and kidney homogenates. Lycopene also reversed Cd-decreased body weight compared to the control. Cadmium treatment had diverse effects on the antioxidant enzyme activities. Although antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity was unchanged, glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased, and catalase activity was elevated in kidney homogenates of Cd-administrated group. However, lycopene treatment reversed Cd-changed enzyme activities to the control level. Xanthine oxidase activity and TNF-α concentration were not altered by Cd administration, indicating that superoxide anion production and inflammation were not stimulated. Cadmium did not change NO levels in kidney homogenates but decreased those in plasma, and this effect was not prevented by lycopene supplementation. The result suggests that consumption of adequate levels of lycopene may be useful to prevent heavy-metal-induced LPO and body weight loss.
In this study, 25 female and 15 male mongrel dogs, aged ranging from i to 7 years, were used. The... more In this study, 25 female and 15 male mongrel dogs, aged ranging from i to 7 years, were used. They were subjected to clinical, ultrasonographical and biochemical examinations. Ultrasonographically in 18 of the 40 do gs (45%), different kidney abnormalities were observed, whereas the other 22 dogs were found normaL. Likewise, serum urea and creatinine levels were measured to be higher in the dogs with kidney abnormalities. Serum creatinine elearance estimated using the Cockroft-Gault equation was exceeding the physiological range. In conelusion, for mongrel dogs ultrasonographic examination, measurements of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and calculation of serum creatinine elearance using the Cockroft-Gault equation might be useful to diagnose early kidney abnormalities.
Imidacloprid is the most important example of the neonicotinoid insecticides known to target the ... more Imidacloprid is the most important example of the neonicotinoid insecticides known to target the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in insects, and potentially in mammals. In the present study, oxidant and inflammatory responses to chronic exposure of imidacloprid was studied in rats. Wistar rats were randomly allocated into two groups as control and imidacloprid-exposed group (n = 10 rat/each group). 1 mg/kg/BW/day imidacloprid was administrated orally by gavage for 30 days. After exposure, rats were euthanized and liver and brain samples were surgically removed for analyses. Imidacloprid application caused a significant increase in nitric oxide production in brain (p < 0.05) and liver (p < 0.001). The quantitative analyses of mRNA confirmed the finding that imidacloprid induced the mRNA transcriptions of the three isoforms of nitric oxide synthases (iNOS, eNOS, nNOS) in brain and two isoforms (iNOS, eNOS) in the liver. Exposure to imidacloprid caused significant lipid peroxidation in plasma, brain (p < 0.001) and liver (p < 0.003). While the superoxide-generating enzyme xanthine oxidase activity was elevated in both tissues (p < 0.001), myeloperoxidase activity was increased only in the liver (p < 0.001). Antioxidant enzyme activities showed various alterations following exposure, but a significantly depleted antioxidant glutathione level was detected in brain (p < 0.008). Evidence of chronic inflammation by imidacloprid was observed as induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12 and IFN-c in the liver and brain. In conclusion, chronic imidacloprid exposure causes oxidative stress and inflammation by altering antioxidant systems and inducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the liver and central nervous system of non-target organisms.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of caffeic acid phe... more Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), vitamin C, vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty rats were randomly devided into six groups: (i) control; (ii) vancomycin, 200 mg/kg administrated via intraperitoneal route; (iii) vancomycin plus CAPE – vancomycin with 10 µmol/kg CAPE; (iv) vancomycin plus vitamin C – vancomycin (intraperitoneally) with 200 mg/dl vitamin C in drinking water; (v) vancomycin plus vitamin E – vancomycin with 1000 mg/kg body weight vitamin E (intramuscularly); and (vi) vancomycin plus N-acetylcysteine – vancomycin with 10 mg/kg body weight (intraperitoneally) of N-acetylcysteine. Vancomycin treatments were started 1 day after the first administrations of these agents and continued for 7 days. At the end of the experiments, catalase activity was significantly decreased by vancomycin in kidney homogenates (P < 0.05). Vitamin E, vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine and CAPE administrations decreased the blood urea nitrogen levels increased by vancomycin, although significant differences were detected only in the vitamins E and C groups (P < 0.05). Increased renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels by vancomycin were significantly suppressed by agents used in the study (P < 0.05). Histopathological examination demonstrated prominent damages in the vancomycin-treated group. Vitamin E was the most beneficial agent on vancomycin-induced tubular damage, followed by vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine and CAPE treatments, respectively. The data suggest that vitamin E, as well as vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine and CAPE, could be useful for reducing the detrimental effects on vancomycin-induced toxicity in kidneys.
Cadmium (Cd) exposure has been recognized to result in a wide variety of cellular responses, incl... more Cadmium (Cd) exposure has been recognized to result in a wide variety of cellular responses, including oxidative stress and body weight loss. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of lycopene supplementation on the antioxidant defense system, lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production, and body weight in Cd-exposed rats. Animals were divided into four groups (n = 7): control, Cd-treated, Cd plus lycopene-treated, and lycopene-treated. Cadmium (as CdCl2) was administrated orally for 20 days (6.6 mg kg−1 day−1), and lycopene (10 mg kg−1 day−1) was similarly administered. Lycopene administration significantly suppressed Cd-induced LPO in plasma and kidney homogenates. Lycopene also reversed Cd-decreased body weight compared to the control. Cadmium treatment had diverse effects on the antioxidant enzyme activities. Although antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity was unchanged, glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased, and catalase activity was elevated in kidney homogenates of Cd-administrated group. However, lycopene treatment reversed Cd-changed enzyme activities to the control level. Xanthine oxidase activity and TNF-α concentration were not altered by Cd administration, indicating that superoxide anion production and inflammation were not stimulated. Cadmium did not change NO levels in kidney homogenates but decreased those in plasma, and this effect was not prevented by lycopene supplementation. The result suggests that consumption of adequate levels of lycopene may be useful to prevent heavy-metal-induced LPO and body weight loss.
The objective of this study was to collect rectal swabs from the cattle in a slaughterhouse locat... more The objective of this study was to collect rectal swabs from the cattle in a slaughterhouse located in Hatay (Turkey) immediately after slaughter for the isolation and characterization of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in each month during a 1-year period. The rectal swab samples were analyzed for the isolation of E. coli O157 through preenrichment, immunomagnetic separation and selective plating on CT-SMAC agar. E. coli O157 was isolated from 77 (13.6%) of the samples. The presence of E. coli O157 changed during a 1-year period, in that the occurrence of E. coli O157 was the highest in July and November and lowest in February. A total of 66 isolates out of 77 were seroytpe O157:H7 and 11 were serotype O157:NM. PCR analysis of E. coli O157 virulence genes revealed that all O157:H7/NM were positive for rbfO157, 74 positive for EhlyA, 72 positive for eaeA, 62 positive for vtx2, and 3 positive for both vtx1 and vtx2. It was presented by cytotoxicity tests that many of E. coli O157 isolates showed high cytotoxicity on Vero cells. All of the isolates containing EhlyA showed enterohaemolysin production.
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A-physiology Pathology Clinical Medicine, 2003
A total of 135 laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), 9 weeks old, were divided into three d... more A total of 135 laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), 9 weeks old, were divided into three dietary treatment groups. Three replicates were assigned to each treatment group consisting of 15 birds per cage. The diet was supplemented with 0, 100 and 200 ppm Yucca schidigera powder and given ad libitum to the quails for a period of 14 weeks. Body weight, egg production, feed consumption and feed efficiency were not different due to dietary treatments among the groups. Increased egg weight was determined in the control group.Yucca powder supplementation decreased serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride level in laying quails. Serum total protein concentration was not changed by dietary treatments but albumin level was decreased in quails fed 100 ppm yucca powder. Egg yolk cholesterol concentration was not significantly different among the groups but tended to decline (11.5%) as a result of yucca supplementation. Red Blood Cell (RBC) and White Blood Cell (WBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were not affected by supplementation of yucca powder. However, haemoglobin (HB) concentration was slightly increased and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was significantly increased by 200 ppm yucca powder supplementation to the diet.
PDE4A7 is an isoform encoded by the human PDE4A cAMPspecific phosphodiesterase gene that fails to... more PDE4A7 is an isoform encoded by the human PDE4A cAMPspecific phosphodiesterase gene that fails to hydrolyse cAMP and whose transcripts are widely expressed. Removal of either the Nor C-terminal unique portions of PDE4A7 did not reconstitute catalytic activity, showing that they did not exert a chronic inhibitory effect. A chimera (Hyb2), formed by swapping the unique N-terminal portion of PDE4A7 with that of the active PDE4A4C form, was not catalytically active. However, one formed (Hyb1) by swapping the unique C-terminal portion of PDE4A7 with that common to all active PDE4 isoforms was catalytically active. Compared with the active PDE4A4B isoform, Hyb1 exhibited a similar K m value for cAMP and IC 50 value for rolipram inhibition, but was less sensitive to inhibition by Ro-20-1724 and denbufylline, and considerably more sensitive to thermal denaturation. The unique C-terminal region of PDE4A7 was unable to support an active catalytic unit, whereas its unique N-terminal region can. The N-terminal portion of the PDE4 catalytic unit is essential for catalytic activity and can be supplied by either highly conserved sequence found in active PDE4 isoforms from all four PDE4 subfamilies or the unique N-terminal portion of PDE4A7. A discrete portion of the conserved C-terminal region in active PDE4A isoforms underpins their aberrant migration on SDS/PAGE. Unlike active PDE4A isoforms, PDE4A7 is exclusively localized to the P1 particulate fraction in cells. A region located within the C-terminal portion of active PDE4 isoforms prevents such exclusive targeting. Three functional regions in PDE4A isoforms are identified, which influence catalytic activity, subcellular targeting and conformational status.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was screened for hypoglycemic and liver-protective activity i... more Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was screened for hypoglycemic and liver-protective activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was established by single dose STZ injection (45 mg kg−1 bw, i.p.) for 48 h. CAPE was injected at doses of 10, 20 and 30 μM kg−1 bw day−1 (i.p.) to the rats in CAPEI, CAPEII and CAPEIII groups 2 days after induction of diabetes and continued for 60 days, thereafter. It was found that diabetes down-regulated the expressions of glucokinase (7.8-fold) and pyruvate kinase (6.4-fold) in comparison to control, however, phoshoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA levels were up-regulated by 2.2-fold. CAPE treatments enhanced the expressions of glucokinase (3.4–14.9-folds), and pyruvate kinase (3.2–12.8-folds) mRNAs in diabetic rats. However, phoshoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA expression was decreased by CAPE to varying degrees (1.2–5.5-fold). CAPE increased (∼2-fold) the level of plasma insulin previously decreased by STZ treatment. Here we demonstrate that CAPE significantly decreased the fasting blood levels of glucose, alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, and triglyceride induced by diabetes. CAPE increased the liver glycogen level lowered by diabetes. In histopathological evaluation of the liver, CAPE treatments were seen to reduce necrosis and anisonucleosis in hepatocytes, and connective tissue elevated in the portal region by diabetes. CAPE exhibits a significant potential as an antidiabetic agent by suppressing hepatic glucose output via inducing mRNA expression of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, whilst inhibiting phoshoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in diabetes. CAPE also has the ability to decrease the harmful effects of diabetes on the liver of rats.
Brucella species are able to survive and replicate within the phagocytic cells and cause chronic ... more Brucella species are able to survive and replicate within the phagocytic cells and cause chronic infections in domestic animals and humans. Modulation of programmed cell death by Brucella spp. may be one of the reasons of the chronicity of the infection. In this study, whether cisplatin treatment, an apoptotic anticancer agent, would enhance the host resistance against Brucella melitensis-infected human macrophagelike cells was investigated. The infection neither induced inflammation nor oxidative stress. But, Brucella caused a decrease in infected macrophage viability of 36% at 48 h postinfection (p.i.) as compared with uninfected cells. Treatment of infected macrophages with 20 lM cisplatin for 48 h caused a large increase in nitric oxide (NO) levels in a time-dependent manner via induction of iNOS transcription. Cisplatin also enhanced glutathione peroxidase, myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase activities, providing evidence of generation of reactive free radicals. N-acetylcysteine was able to decrease cisplatin-induced NO, and prevented the agent-induced apoptosis, similar to effects found in L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) treatment. Cisplatin stimulated inflammation through the induction of TNF-a and IL-12 secretion, and down-regulated Brucella-stimulated IL-10 transcription. The number of infected cells and their viability were decreased by 80% at 48 h p.i. by cisplatin in comparison with infected cells. Similar to this result, cisplatin treatment resulted in reduced intracellular CFU of B. melitensis being reduced by 80% at 48 h p.i. These findings demonstrate that pharmacological agents such as cisplatin may be considered to influence immune responses and apoptosis to help decrease Brucella-infected cell number.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2010
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics ... more The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics and phytobiotics on performance, small intestine weight, pH and caecal coliform counts of broilers. The influences of synbiotics and phytobiotics on oxidant/antioxidant status in the blood of broilers were also assessed. A total of 200 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, either fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 1 g/kg synbiotic, 1 g/kg phytobiotic or 1 g/kg synbiotic plus 1 g/kg phytobiotic. The diet supplemented with both synbiotic and phytobiotic had no effect on body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of broilers at the end of the study (p > 0.05). Neither small intestine weight nor pH was affected by any of the treatments. Supplementation of both synbiotic and phytobiotic to diet decreased the caecal coliform count (p < 0.01). Addition of synbiotics and phytobiotics in combination significantly increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p ≤ 0.05), whereasphytobiotic addition alone showed only a slight increase. Similarly, elevated nitric oxide (NO) level was recorded in the synbiotic- and phytobiotic-fed group and in the phytobiotic-fed group (p ≤ 0.001). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of synbiotic and phytobiotic improved the gut health by decreasing the caecal total coliform count, but growth performance was not affected by the supplementations. Further investigations are needed to determine the effects of phytobiotics on oxidative/antioxidative metabolism as regards their compositional analysis.
Although oxidative damage is known to be involved in inflammatory-mediated tissue destruction, mo... more Although oxidative damage is known to be involved in inflammatory-mediated tissue destruction, modulation of oxygen free radical production represents a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis from honeybee hives, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. For that reason, we aimed to investigate the efficiency of CAPE administration in preventing oxidative damage in pyelonephritis (PYN) caused by Escherichia coli. In this study, 35 Wistar rats were grouped as follows: control, PYN 24 h, PYN 48 h, PYN 72 h, CAPE 24 h, CAPE 48 h and CAPE 72 h. E. coli (1 × 109 c.f.u.) were inoculated into the rats in both PYN and CAPE groups via urethral catheterization. Ten μM/kg-body weight CAPE was injected to the rats in all CAPE groups 24 h before E. coli infection, and injections were repeated at 24-h intervals. Rats were sacrificed 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after infection in both PYN and CAPE groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly increased in kidneys of PYN groups. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and xanthine oxidase (XO) were also elevated by E. coli. However, CAPE administration reduced MDA and NO levels, as well as XO activity, although it increased SOD and GSH-Px activities. Histopathological examination showed that CAPE reduced the inflammation grade induced by E. coli. In conclusion, CAPE administrations decrease the oxidative damage occurring in PYN and therefore could be used for medical management of bacterial nephropathy.
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology - PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYSIOL, 2010
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide and has been extensively used as a crop pest and pet ... more Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide and has been extensively used as a crop pest and pet flea control programme because it’s high specificity as an insecticide. Imidacloprid toxicity on mammalian tissues has not been adequately evaluated. In the present study, potential acute neuro and liver toxic effects of imidacloprid were analyzed in rats as a model of mammalian using antioxidant–oxidant and inflammatory system. 10 μM imidacloprid was administrated intravenously and 2 h post-administration, the rats were sacrificed, liver and brains were surgically removed. Exposure to imidacloprid led to significant increases in nitric oxide concentrations in brain, liver and plasma samples. The quantitative mRNA transcriptional analyses demonstrated that imidacloprid-elevated production of NO levels due to the induction of iNOS in liver, but neither nNOS nor iNOS were induced in brain. The oxidant-generating enzymes xanthine oxidase and myeloperoxidase activities in both tissues were elevated and significant lipid peroxidation in liver and plasma was observed. The antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were differently responded to imidacloprid administration. Significant intracellular glutathione depletion was also measured in both tissues. Imidacloprid treatment up-regulated inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA transcriptions by 2.5- to 5.2-fold increases in both brain and liver. Conversely, anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 mRNA was down-regulated in both organs. These results suggest that imidacloprid cause oxidative stress and inflammation in central nervous system and liver in non-target organisms in rats.
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2003
Özet: Bu araştırma, mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona değişik oranlarda enzim ve probiyotik ... more Özet: Bu araştırma, mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona değişik oranlarda enzim ve probiyotik katılmasının Japon bıldırcmlarında canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, karkas randımanı ile serum biyokimyasal parametreleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada toplam 225 adet i haftalık Japon bıldırcın civcivi (Coturnix coturnix japonica) kuııanılmıştır. Her birinde 45'er hayvan bulunan bir kontrol ve dört deneme grubu düzenlenmiştir. Kontrol grubu katkısız , temel yemle beslenmiş, deneme grupları 1,2,3 ve 'ün yemlerine sırasıyla, 100 ve 200 ppm enzim, 1000 ve 2000 ppm probiyotik katılmıştır. Araştırma 5 hafta devam etmiştir. Araştırma sonunda mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona enzim ve probiyotik katkısı bıldırcınlarda canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı ve karkas randımanında gnıplar arasında istatistiksel bir fark oluşturmamıştır (p>0.05). Enzim ve probiyotik katkısı serum glukoz, kolesterol ve total protein seviyelerini düşürmüş (p<O.OOI), trigliserid ve albumin seviyelerini ise etkilememiştir (p>0.05). Mısır ve soya küspesine dayalı rasyona enzim ve probiyotik ilavesi bıldırcınlarda besi performansı üzerine bir etki oluşturmamış, serum glukoz, kolesterol ve total protein seviyelerini düşürmüştür.
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2003
In this study, 25 female and 15 male mongrel dogs, aged ranging from i to 7 years, were used. The... more In this study, 25 female and 15 male mongrel dogs, aged ranging from i to 7 years, were used. They were subjected to clinical, ultrasonographical and biochemical examinations. Ultrasonographically in 18 of the 40 do gs (45%), different kidney abnormalities were observed, whereas the other 22 dogs were found normaL. Likewise, serum urea and creatinine levels were measured to be higher in the dogs with kidney abnormalities. Serum creatinine elearance estimated using the Cockroft-Gault equation was exceeding the physiological range. In conelusion, for mongrel dogs ultrasonographic examination, measurements of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and calculation of serum creatinine elearance using the Cockroft-Gault equation might be useful to diagnose early kidney abnormalities.
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2003
This study included 75 Damascus and its crossbreed goats from different age and sexes in the Hata... more This study included 75 Damascus and its crossbreed goats from different age and sexes in the Hatay province.
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2003
Özet: Hatay bölgesinde Mart-Haziran dönemlerinde mera şartlarında yetiştirilen, ilave yem verilme... more Özet: Hatay bölgesinde Mart-Haziran dönemlerinde mera şartlarında yetiştirilen, ilave yem verilmeyen ve klinik olarak sağlıklı görünen koyunlarda bak'ır ve çinko değerleri serum ve yün örneklerinde; senıloplazmin düzeyleri ise serumda araştırıldı. Mineral madde analizleri atomik absorbsiyon spektrofotometrede, senıloplazmin düzeyleri spektrofotometrede ölçüldü. Ortalama serum bakır düzeyi 0.57:t0.O] ppm, çinko 0.65:t0.01 ppm ve seruloplazmin 16.74:tOA3 mg/d] olarak tespit edildi. Bölgelerarası senım bakır değerleri arasında istatistiksel fark bulunmazken (p>0.10); çinko ve seru10plazmin değerleri yönünden önemli farklılık bulundu (pdJ.OO I). Senıloplazmin ile senım bakır değerleri arasında pozitif zayıf dereeede bir ilişkinin olduğü görüldü. Ortalaımı yün bakır değeri 4AO:t0.24 ppm ve çinko düzeyi 48.51 :t2.26 ppm olarak saptandı. Bölgeler arasında yün bakır ve çinko değerleri yönünden anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>O.1 O). Hatay bölgesi koyunlarında yün ve senım bakır düzeyinin kritik sınıra yakın; çinkonun ise normal değerlerden düşük olduğu saptandı. Meraya dayalı beslemenin yapıldığı dönemde hayvanlara mineral takviyelerinin yapılımısı gerektiği sonueuna varıldı. Anahtar kelimeler: Bakır, çinko, senıloplazmin, serum, yün An investigatiön of copper, zinc, ceruloplasmin levels in serum, copper and zinc levels in wool samples of seasonal grazing sheep Summary: Copper and zine levels were determined in serum and woo1 samples, cenıloplasmin level was determined in serum. The samples were colleeted from elinieally healty, grazing sheep between Mareh-hıne in Hatay region. Additional feed was not given to sheep during this season. Mineral levels were analysed by atomie absorption speetrophotometry, eenıloplasmin levels were measured by speetrophotometry. Mean serum eopper, zine and eenıloplasmin levels were 0.57:t0.Ol ppm, 0.65:tO.OI ppm, 16.74:tOA3 ppm, respeetively.
To evaluate the effects of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 enzyme inhibitor, on Escherichia coli-... more To evaluate the effects of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 enzyme inhibitor, on Escherichia coli-induced renal oxidative damage in an acute pyelonephritis (PYN) rat model.
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