Papers by srinivasa jayachandra
Pakistan Journal of Physiology, 2011
Humans are exposed to several exogenous chemicals used in industrial processes, development activ... more Humans are exposed to several exogenous chemicals used in industrial processes, development activities and also through food chain. The male reproductive system is vulnerable to the effects of the physical and chemical factors. This is a review of literature to determine the influence of occupations involving high temperature on the male reproductive health. We concluded that occupational heat exposure will alter spermatogenesis and also affect sperm morphology, therefore it is overall a risk factor for male infertility. A few studies have shown that the occupational heat exposure to male partner can cause low birth weight, preterm delivery, and spontaneous abortion which may be due to genetic mutations in human sperm. However, more prospective studies are needed to ascertain this fact.
DergiPark (Istanbul University), Mar 1, 2005
Exposure to pesticides could be one of the contributing cause to the falling sperm counts and ris... more Exposure to pesticides could be one of the contributing cause to the falling sperm counts and rising levels of male infertility. Adverse effects of pesticides in the environment first received widespread attention in the 1960s. However, only recently it has been postulated that long term, low exposure of these chemicals are increasingly linked to human health effects such as immuno-suppression, endocrine disruption, reproductive abnormalities and cancer. This article critically reviewed the epidemiological studies of reproductive toxicity of different pesticides in males. According to previous studies it is shown that exposure to pesticides was significantly associated with sperm levels well below the limit for male fertility. No largescale studies assessing pesticide exposure and its relationship to infertility have been done. To overcome the difficulties in interpretation and to reach strong conclusions, future studies on human male reproductive effects of different types of pesticides should consider several methodological problems. So, we conclude integrated studies considering many factors are warranted to draw definite conclusion and also in the view of adverse health effects observed to some extent in workers with few pesticides, it is necessary now to find out ecologically sound alternatives to pesticides and also to educate the workers/farmers about the safe use of these pesticides to reduce reproductive health risk associated with exposure.
S'rdechno-s'dovi Zabolyavaniya / Medical Review - Cardiovascular Diseases, 2011
Hypertension is a chronic medical condition in which the systemic arterial blood pressure is elev... more Hypertension is a chronic medical condition in which the systemic arterial blood pressure is elevated. Persistent hypertension is one of the risk factors for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and arterial aneurysm, and is a leading cause of chronic kidney failure. The -blockers have been used for hypertension treatment for over 40 years, but their effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients remains divisive and its use in uncomplicated hypertension is presently under discussion. Carvedilol, a vasodilating non-cardioselective -blocker, is a compound that seems to give the prospect to the physician to use a cardioprotective agent without the concerning hemodynamic and metabolic actions of traditional -blocker therapy. This article attempts to examine the potential use of this agent for hypertension treatment. Carvedilol maintains cardiac output, has a less extended effect on heart rate and reduces BP by decreasing vascular resistance. Furthermore, a number of studies have shown that carvedilol has a beneficial or at least neutral effect on metabolic parameters, such as glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, indicating that it could be used in patients with the metabolic syndrome or diabetes without negative consequences. However, future prospective clinical trials are needed to draw a definite conclusion.
Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 2012
Autism spectrum disorders, or ASD, are an umbrella term commonly used to describe several develop... more Autism spectrum disorders, or ASD, are an umbrella term commonly used to describe several developmental disorders in which individuals have substantial differences in the nature of their social development and communication skills, as well as unusual behaviors and interests. This disorder needs the administration of multiple medications to help the affected person participate effectively in the educational and rehabilitative process. Dentists treating the children with autism must be familiar with the manifestations of the disease and its associated features so that they can provide the highest level of patient cooperation. This article provides a guide towards the dental management for patients with Autism spectrum disorders. Dental professional must also be familiar with the drugs used to treat the disorder because many of them cause unpleasant oral and systemic side effects. Learning about autism will help dentist provide better care and make the visit to the dental clinic a better experience for everyone. Review (J Int Dent Med Res 2012; 5: (2), pp. 118-121)
Mìžnarodnij endokrinologìčnij žurnal, Mar 27, 2022
Background. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a severely debilitating yet underdiagnos... more Background. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a severely debilitating yet underdiagnosed condition in patients with diabetes mellitus. The prevalence can range from 2.5 % (based on the primary prevention cohort in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial) to as high as 90 % of diabetic patients. Clinical manifestations range from orthostasis to myocardial infarction. The diagnosis is made using multiple autonomic function tests to assess both sympathetic and parasympathetic function. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between Cardiac autonomic neuropathy and QT interval. Material and methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 100 patients attending a tertiary care hospital in India. Deep breathing test, Valsalva ratio, immediate heart rate response to standing 30 : 15, BP rise with sustained hand grip and postural hypotension were evaluated. Scoring was done for cardiac autonomic neuropathy. QT interval and QTc interval were determined and association with CAN was obtained. Results. Out of 100 type 2 diabetic patients, 60 % were males and 40 % were females. 25 patients having no cardiac autonomic neuropathy and had no prolonged QTc interval. While, 75 patients had QTc prolonged were associated with early and severe CAN cardiac autonomic neuropathy. The prolonged QTc was significantly associated with CAN in diabetic patients when compared without CAN and controls (P < 0.0001). The grading score for CAD showed that 75 % cases were having score > 2 were 25 % of cases had score < 2. Out of 75 patients 44 were between score 2-4 and 31 were above score 4. A significant association between QTc and Diabetic CAN patients observed when compared non CAN and controls. Conclusions. Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy is associated with increase in prolongation of QTc intervals. Hence, there is need for regular checkup of autonomic nervous system in diabetic patient to prevent further complications.
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, Jun 24, 2005
Acta medica Lituanica, 2011
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally occurring contaminant of cereals, pigmeat, and other foods and ... more Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally occurring contaminant of cereals, pigmeat, and other foods and is a known genotoxic in animals. It is a nephrotoxin and a carcinogen associated with Balkan endemic nephropathy and urinary tract tumours. It is also thought to be a cause of testicular cancer. A previous study has shown that consumption of foods contaminated with ochratoxin A during pregnancy induces lesions in testicular DNA of male offspring, and this supports a possible role for OTA in testicular cancer. Additionally, prenatal exposure to ochratoxin A in mice significantly depresses expression of the DMRT1 gene in male offspring, and the loss of this gene produces germ cell testicular tumours in mice. This molecular evidence supports the theory that ochratoxin A might be related to germ cell testicular tumours in mice and in humans.
Malta Medical Journal, 2005
There is widespread concern that environmental pollutants acting as xenoestrogens may affect huma... more There is widespread concern that environmental pollutants acting as xenoestrogens may affect human fertility adversely. Whether this has already made an impact on human fertility worldwide remains debatable at the present stage. Ever since Carlsen's analysis reported that sperm concentrations have decreased over the last 50 years there has been renewed attention and curiosity amongst peer groups in different parts of the world. Though Carlsen's mode of data analysis was criticized on many fronts, a number of similar studies that appeared subsequently have contradicted each other. The article has reviewed the literature to determine whether semen counts have indeed changed in the past 50 years. We conclude that sperm counts vary enormously between different countries or regions of the world and also between individual men. There is even marked variation between counts on the same men. It is therefore not surprising that not all analyses of sperm counts find the same patterns. We suggest that a well-designed prospective study should be performed in several different regions of the world in order to extrapolate the results on sperm counts and to evaluate the potential effect of external factors on male reproductive health. It is hoped that the conclusions from these new studies might put an end to the controversy that surrounds this issue.
PubMed, Jan 5, 2005
To the Editor: We read with interest the excellent article by Huang YN et al.1 This important and... more To the Editor: We read with interest the excellent article by Huang YN et al.1 This important and carefully conducted study illustrates the sympathetic skin response (SSR) test can detect early dysfunction of the small sympathetic fibers in people affected by diabetes mellitus.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jul 1, 2014
Background: Rapid urbanization, industrialization and increase in number of vehicles is aggravati... more Background: Rapid urbanization, industrialization and increase in number of vehicles is aggravating environmental pollution. Continuous exposure to automobile exhaust has been shown to affect functioning of different systems of the body. Methods: The present study was taken up to assess the Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) in auto rickshaw drivers. Results: There was a highly significant decrease in FEV 1 , FVC and PEFR in the study group compared to control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Mixed pattern (both restrictive and obstructive) lung impairment was found in auto rickshaw drivers. There was significant decrement of lung function in those working for more than 10 years.
Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift, Feb 26, 2005
Sir, We read with interest the excellent article of Sztajzel J [1]. It is an important and carefu... more Sir, We read with interest the excellent article of Sztajzel J [1]. It is an important and carefully reviewed article which illustrates the various techniques for measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) and its clinical applications. We would like to suggest that there are also a number of non-pharmacological techniques for improvement of HRV, such as thought field therapy [2], aerobic training [3], biofeedback [4], yoga [5], abdominal breathing [6], qigong breathing [7], and meditation. These techniques are believed to stabilise the autonomic nervous system by modulating the parasympathetic nervous system and in turn improve HRV. As reduced HRV is associated with increased risk of cardiac and overall mortality and the occurrence of life-threatening arrhythmias, long term studies are needed to determine the impact of these techniques on HRV and whether this is of therapeutic value in patients with reduced HRV. References 1 Sztajzel J. Heart rate variability: a noninvasive electrocardiographic method to measure the autonomic nervous system. Swiss Med Wkly 2004;134: 514-22. 2 Callahan RJ. The impact of Thought Field Therapy on heart rate variability.
Heart India, 2014
ABSTRACT Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a worldwide health epidemic. Acute coronary... more ABSTRACT Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a worldwide health epidemic. Acute coronary syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition and patient may die or become disabled in the prime of life. The aim of this study was to determine the conventional risk factors of CAD in young and elderly aged patients in Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: Total of 190 CAD patients admitted in ICCU at Santhiram Medical College General Hospital, Nandyal, Andhra pradesh were selected for the study. In this, 90 patients were aged between 18-45 years, and 100 were more than 45 years of age. These patients were evaluated for risk factor contributing to occurrence of CAD. Results: The hypertension (20%), smoking (22%), diabetes mellitus (11%) and dyslipidemia (8%) were the most common risk factors in young patients. Overall risk factors were more likely in males compared to females (18 to &lt;45 years, 79%; ≥65 years, 69.1%). With reference to elderly patients, the diabetes mellitus (21%), hypertension (14%), smoker (17%), kidney disease (11%) and dyslipidemia (9%) were the most common risk factors. Conclusion: Young patients had a different risk-factor profile when compared with older patients. Hypertension and smoking were the most common risk factorsin young patients of CAD, whereas diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and smoking were found in elderly patients.
Background: Smoking is characterized by the production of increased free radicals and oxidative s... more Background: Smoking is characterized by the production of increased free radicals and oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to compare total antioxidant capacity between adult male smokers and nonsmokers. Methods: A total of 74 male subjects were involved in this study. Thirtysix of them were nonsmokers and another 38 of were smokers. Age of the smokers and nonsmokers were ranged between 30 and 45. Venous blood was collected from subjects after an overnight fast between 8:00 AM and 9:00 am. Blood samples were used for evaluation of serum total antioxidant capacity. Results: Data showed that total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in smoker than non-smoker subject (p<0.05). There was no a significant correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked and the total antioxidant capacity (r= -0.137, p=0.673). Conclusion: Smoking reduces total antioxidant capacity which may put the smokers at risk of developing many oxidative stress related disorders.
Background: Rapid urbanization, industrialization and increase in number of vehicles is aggravati... more Background: Rapid urbanization, industrialization and increase in number of vehicles is aggravating environmental pollution. Continuous exposure to automobile exhaust has been shown to affect functioning of different systems of the body. Methods: The present study was taken up to assess the Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) in auto rickshaw drivers. Results: There was a highly significant decrease in FEV 1, FVC and PEFR in the study group compared to control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Mixed pattern (both restrictive and obstructive) lung impairment was found in auto rickshaw drivers. There was significant decrement of lung function in those working for more than 10 years.
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2017
Background: Smoking is characterized by increased free radicals and stress oxidative. It is repor... more Background: Smoking is characterized by increased free radicals and stress oxidative. It is reported that the smokers are more prone to cardiovascular problems caused by increased production of free radicals as well as decreased level of antioxidants. Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) between adult male smokers and non-smokers. Materials and Methods: A total of 74 males were involved in this study. Of them, 36 individuals were non-smokers and another 38 were smokers. Age of the smokers and non-smokers was ranged between 30 and 45 years (majority of them 30-40 years old). Venous blood was collected from individuals after an overnight fast. Blood samples were used for the estimation of serum TAC. Results: Of the 74 individuals in the study, 51% were smokers with a mean age of 35.7 ± 5.8 and 49% were controls with a mean age of 34.0 ± 4.4. Data showed that TAC was significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on this study, we suggest that smoking is associated with decreased antioxidant capacity and stress oxidative. However, future studies should examine the potential role of smoking on oxidant/antioxidant capacity balance.
Heart India, 2014
ABSTRACT Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a worldwide health epidemic. Acute coronary... more ABSTRACT Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a worldwide health epidemic. Acute coronary syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition and patient may die or become disabled in the prime of life. The aim of this study was to determine the conventional risk factors of CAD in young and elderly aged patients in Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: Total of 190 CAD patients admitted in ICCU at Santhiram Medical College General Hospital, Nandyal, Andhra pradesh were selected for the study. In this, 90 patients were aged between 18-45 years, and 100 were more than 45 years of age. These patients were evaluated for risk factor contributing to occurrence of CAD. Results: The hypertension (20%), smoking (22%), diabetes mellitus (11%) and dyslipidemia (8%) were the most common risk factors in young patients. Overall risk factors were more likely in males compared to females (18 to &lt;45 years, 79%; ≥65 years, 69.1%). With reference to elderly patients, the diabetes mellitus (21%), hypertension (14%), smoker (17%), kidney disease (11%) and dyslipidemia (9%) were the most common risk factors. Conclusion: Young patients had a different risk-factor profile when compared with older patients. Hypertension and smoking were the most common risk factorsin young patients of CAD, whereas diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and smoking were found in elderly patients.
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Papers by srinivasa jayachandra