Non-Hermitian (NH) crystals, quasicrystals, and amorphous network display an accumulation of a ma... more Non-Hermitian (NH) crystals, quasicrystals, and amorphous network display an accumulation of a macroscopic number of states near one of its specific interfaces with vacuum, such as edge, surface, hinge, or corner. This phenomenon is known as the NH skin effect, which can only be observed with open boundary condition. In this regard self-similar fractals, manifesting inner boundaries in the interior of the system, harbor a novel phenomenon, the inner skin effect (ISE). Then the NH skin effect appears at the inner boundaries of the fractal lattice with periodic boundary condition. We showcase this observation by implementing prominent models for NH insulators and superconductors on representative planar Sierpinski carpet fractal lattices. They accommodate both first-order and second-order ISEs at inner edges and corners, respectively, for charged as well as neutral Majorana fermions. Furthermore, over extended parameter regimes ISEs are tied with nontrivial bulk topological invariants...
Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing these days. The adverse effe... more Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing these days. The adverse effect of obesity can be seen in different physiological functions. Relative fat mass is a newly identified parameter to estimate whole body fat. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of obesity among medical students of a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students of a medical college from 1 September 2021 to 30 January 2022. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: FNMC/539/078/79). Simple random sampling was done. Height was measured using a stadiometer and waist circumference was measured using non-stretchable tape. Relative fat mass was calculated using the relative fat mass equation. The data was categorised according to the distribution of fat mass. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Out of 180 medical students, 57 (31.67%) (24.87-38.47, 95% Co...
Electronic materials harbor a plethora of exotic quantum phases, ranging from unconventional supe... more Electronic materials harbor a plethora of exotic quantum phases, ranging from unconventional superconductors to non-Fermi liquids, and, more recently, topological phases of matter. While these quantum phases in integer dimensions are well characterized by now, their presence in fractional dimensions remains vastly unexplored. Here, we theoretically show that a special class of crystalline phases, namely, higher-order topological phases that via an extended bulk-boundary correspondence feature robust gapless modes on lower dimensional boundaries, such as corners and hinges, can be found on a representative family of fractional materials: quantum fractals. To anchor this general proposal, we demonstrate realizations of second-order topological insulators and superconductors, supporting charged and neutral Majorana corner modes, on planar Sierpiński carpet and triangle fractals, respectively. These predictions can be experimentally tested on designer electronic fractal materials, as well as on various highly tunable metamaterial platforms, such as photonic and acoustic lattices.
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2018
Fine motor skill proficiency is an essential component of numerous daily living activities such a... more Fine motor skill proficiency is an essential component of numerous daily living activities such as dressing, feeding or playing. Poor fine motor skills can lead to difficulties in academic achievement. The aims of the present study was to investigate the influence of age and gender on the development of fine motor skills and its pattern of growth on the primary school children of West Bengal. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 950 primary school going children from different districts of West Bengal state, India. Hand reaction times of the participants were evaluated by ruler dropping method and for the hand eye coordination Perdue pegboard test were applied. The results of the present study revealed that the scores of reaction time of children was significantly (p<0.001) and negatively correlated with the age of the children and the score of peg board test of the children were significantly and (p<0.001) positively correlated with age. It was found that the score of fine motor skills of girls were significantly greater than boys. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that age was significantly associated with the scores of fine motor skills of the children. Multiple regression analysis showed that even after controlling for the effect of the height, weight, BMI and SES,-, the age of the children had strong significant impact on fine motor skill. From the result it was concluded that the performance of fine motor skills of girls were better than boys. Age was the determining factor for the development of fine motor skills of the children.
Sourav Manna, 2 Snehasish Nandy, and Bitan Roy Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann I... more Sourav Manna, 2 Snehasish Nandy, and Bitan Roy Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 18015, USA (Dated: September 8, 2021)
Publication: 1. Manna S And Dhara PC (2013) An evaluation of cognitive skill of primary school ch... more Publication: 1. Manna S And Dhara PC (2013) An evaluation of cognitive skill of primary school children in relation to age and sex.International conference on Ergonomics and Human factor. Vidyasagar University 4-6 December .
The cognitive growth of the children is an important phenomenon along with the physical growth. T... more The cognitive growth of the children is an important phenomenon along with the physical growth. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of age and sex on visuospatial function and the ability of learning and memory among 5-10 years school going boys and girls. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 905 school going children of which 445 was boys and 460 was girls from different districts of West Bengal state, India. Visuospatial ability of the children were evaluated by Picture completion test (PCT). The Learning ability of the participants was evaluated by Ray's auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT). The result showed that performances of visuospatial skill increases with the advancement of age in both sexes but the performances of boys were significantly (p<0.001) greater than that of the girls. The results of RAVLT revealed that the 5 years old boys and girls recalled significantly lesser words on each of the learning trials and showed significa...
Background Low birth weight (LBW) is a challenging multifaceted public health problem as it assoc... more Background Low birth weight (LBW) is a challenging multifaceted public health problem as it associated with infant mortality. Present study was undertaken to assess magnitude and risk factors associated with LBW in West Bengal, India. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 2611 birth episodes in different districts of West Bengal using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, followed by systematic random sampling methodology. Participants were interviewed by semi-structured questionnaires containing socio-demographic, pregnancy, and mothers’ health-related variables. Results This study revealed that 21.49% infants were born LBW. The risk of LBW was higher among women those age < 20 years and BMI < 18.5 kg/m2. The odd of giving LBW baby were higher among women having weight < 45 kg and height < 150 cm. Anemic (AOR 3.33) and hypertensive (AOR 1.69) women were more likely to give LBW baby. Preterm delivery (AOR 1.93) and history of chronic illness (A...
Pal A, Manna S, Dhara PC. Comparison between the motor function of school-aged children with norm... more Pal A, Manna S, Dhara PC. Comparison between the motor function of school-aged children with normal birth weight and children with low birth weight: a cross-sectional study. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 374-385. Low birth weight (LBW) children are prone to abnormal neurological signs in tone, coordination and reflexes, due to neonatal complications which lead to development of motor deficits and delays. The aim of the present study was a comparison between the motor function of school-age children with normal birth weight (NBW) and children with LBW. This study was conducted with 471 school-aged children from different districts of West Bengal, India. Different socio-demographic variables of the participants were studied by using a pre-structured schedule questionnaire. Gross motor function was studied by standing broad jump and vertical jump whereas fine motor function was studied by hand reaction time and speed of movement. Jumping skill was better among the boys than girls which implied that the gross motor skill of boys was better than girls. However, the hand reaction time and speed of movement among the girls was better than that of boys which implied that the fine motor skill of girls was better than boys. The postnatal growth of LBW children was significantly lower than that of NBW children. Both gross and fine motor performances of LBW children were significantly poorer than that of NBW children. This study found a strong association between birth weight and motor skills among school-age children even after controlling for the effects of age, gestational age, postnatal growth (height, weight and BMI) and socioeconomic status in a multivariable model. Thus, it appears that babies who are born with LBW have a tendency of neuro-developmental impairments during their childhood. Therefore, long-term monitoring programs and early detection and intervention is necessary in order to minimize future sequelae. The finding of this study indicates the importance of paying special attention to developmental follow up of high risk and LBW infants. It is proposed that more diagnostic evaluations be conducted on LBW infants for all aspects of development.
We generalize the construction of time-reversal symmetry-breaking triple-component semimetals, tr... more We generalize the construction of time-reversal symmetry-breaking triple-component semimetals, transforming under the pseudospin-1 representation, to arbitrary (anti-)monopole charge 2n, with n = 1, 2, 3 in the crystalline environment. The quasiparticle spectra of such systems are composed of two dispersing bands with pseudospin projections ms = ±1 and energy dispersions E k = ± α 2 n k 2n ⊥ + v 2 z k 2 z , where k ⊥ = k 2 x + k 2 y , and one completely flat band at zero energy with ms = 0. We construct simple tight-binding models for such spin-1 excitations on a cubic lattice and address the symmetries of the generalized triple-component Hamiltonian. In accordance to the bulkboundary correspondence, triple-component semimetals support 2n branches of topological Fermi arc surface states and also accommodate a large anomalous Hall conductivity (in the xy plane), given by σ 3D xy ∝ 2n× the separation of the triple-component nodes (in units of e 2 /h). Furthermore, we compute the longitudinal magnetoconductivity, planar Hall conductivity, and magneto thermal conductivity in these systems, which increase as B 2 for sufficiently weak magnetic fields (B) due to the nontrivial Berry curvature in the medium. A generalization of our construction to arbitrary integer spin systems is also highlighted. 1 system in two dimensions, see D. Green, L. Santos, and C. Chamon, Phys. Rev. B 82, 075104 (2010), for example. 2 We here neglect the particle-hole asymmetry of the form S 0 (a + b k 2), where S 0 is a (2s+1) dimensional idenity matrix, which is always present in any real materials, since it does not affect the
Non-Hermitian (NH) crystals, quasicrystals, and amorphous network display an accumulation of a ma... more Non-Hermitian (NH) crystals, quasicrystals, and amorphous network display an accumulation of a macroscopic number of states near one of its specific interfaces with vacuum, such as edge, surface, hinge, or corner. This phenomenon is known as the NH skin effect, which can only be observed with open boundary condition. In this regard self-similar fractals, manifesting inner boundaries in the interior of the system, harbor a novel phenomenon, the inner skin effect (ISE). Then the NH skin effect appears at the inner boundaries of the fractal lattice with periodic boundary condition. We showcase this observation by implementing prominent models for NH insulators and superconductors on representative planar Sierpinski carpet fractal lattices. They accommodate both first-order and second-order ISEs at inner edges and corners, respectively, for charged as well as neutral Majorana fermions. Furthermore, over extended parameter regimes ISEs are tied with nontrivial bulk topological invariants...
Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing these days. The adverse effe... more Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing these days. The adverse effect of obesity can be seen in different physiological functions. Relative fat mass is a newly identified parameter to estimate whole body fat. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of obesity among medical students of a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students of a medical college from 1 September 2021 to 30 January 2022. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: FNMC/539/078/79). Simple random sampling was done. Height was measured using a stadiometer and waist circumference was measured using non-stretchable tape. Relative fat mass was calculated using the relative fat mass equation. The data was categorised according to the distribution of fat mass. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Out of 180 medical students, 57 (31.67%) (24.87-38.47, 95% Co...
Electronic materials harbor a plethora of exotic quantum phases, ranging from unconventional supe... more Electronic materials harbor a plethora of exotic quantum phases, ranging from unconventional superconductors to non-Fermi liquids, and, more recently, topological phases of matter. While these quantum phases in integer dimensions are well characterized by now, their presence in fractional dimensions remains vastly unexplored. Here, we theoretically show that a special class of crystalline phases, namely, higher-order topological phases that via an extended bulk-boundary correspondence feature robust gapless modes on lower dimensional boundaries, such as corners and hinges, can be found on a representative family of fractional materials: quantum fractals. To anchor this general proposal, we demonstrate realizations of second-order topological insulators and superconductors, supporting charged and neutral Majorana corner modes, on planar Sierpiński carpet and triangle fractals, respectively. These predictions can be experimentally tested on designer electronic fractal materials, as well as on various highly tunable metamaterial platforms, such as photonic and acoustic lattices.
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2018
Fine motor skill proficiency is an essential component of numerous daily living activities such a... more Fine motor skill proficiency is an essential component of numerous daily living activities such as dressing, feeding or playing. Poor fine motor skills can lead to difficulties in academic achievement. The aims of the present study was to investigate the influence of age and gender on the development of fine motor skills and its pattern of growth on the primary school children of West Bengal. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 950 primary school going children from different districts of West Bengal state, India. Hand reaction times of the participants were evaluated by ruler dropping method and for the hand eye coordination Perdue pegboard test were applied. The results of the present study revealed that the scores of reaction time of children was significantly (p<0.001) and negatively correlated with the age of the children and the score of peg board test of the children were significantly and (p<0.001) positively correlated with age. It was found that the score of fine motor skills of girls were significantly greater than boys. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that age was significantly associated with the scores of fine motor skills of the children. Multiple regression analysis showed that even after controlling for the effect of the height, weight, BMI and SES,-, the age of the children had strong significant impact on fine motor skill. From the result it was concluded that the performance of fine motor skills of girls were better than boys. Age was the determining factor for the development of fine motor skills of the children.
Sourav Manna, 2 Snehasish Nandy, and Bitan Roy Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann I... more Sourav Manna, 2 Snehasish Nandy, and Bitan Roy Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 18015, USA (Dated: September 8, 2021)
Publication: 1. Manna S And Dhara PC (2013) An evaluation of cognitive skill of primary school ch... more Publication: 1. Manna S And Dhara PC (2013) An evaluation of cognitive skill of primary school children in relation to age and sex.International conference on Ergonomics and Human factor. Vidyasagar University 4-6 December .
The cognitive growth of the children is an important phenomenon along with the physical growth. T... more The cognitive growth of the children is an important phenomenon along with the physical growth. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of age and sex on visuospatial function and the ability of learning and memory among 5-10 years school going boys and girls. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 905 school going children of which 445 was boys and 460 was girls from different districts of West Bengal state, India. Visuospatial ability of the children were evaluated by Picture completion test (PCT). The Learning ability of the participants was evaluated by Ray's auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT). The result showed that performances of visuospatial skill increases with the advancement of age in both sexes but the performances of boys were significantly (p<0.001) greater than that of the girls. The results of RAVLT revealed that the 5 years old boys and girls recalled significantly lesser words on each of the learning trials and showed significa...
Background Low birth weight (LBW) is a challenging multifaceted public health problem as it assoc... more Background Low birth weight (LBW) is a challenging multifaceted public health problem as it associated with infant mortality. Present study was undertaken to assess magnitude and risk factors associated with LBW in West Bengal, India. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 2611 birth episodes in different districts of West Bengal using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, followed by systematic random sampling methodology. Participants were interviewed by semi-structured questionnaires containing socio-demographic, pregnancy, and mothers’ health-related variables. Results This study revealed that 21.49% infants were born LBW. The risk of LBW was higher among women those age < 20 years and BMI < 18.5 kg/m2. The odd of giving LBW baby were higher among women having weight < 45 kg and height < 150 cm. Anemic (AOR 3.33) and hypertensive (AOR 1.69) women were more likely to give LBW baby. Preterm delivery (AOR 1.93) and history of chronic illness (A...
Pal A, Manna S, Dhara PC. Comparison between the motor function of school-aged children with norm... more Pal A, Manna S, Dhara PC. Comparison between the motor function of school-aged children with normal birth weight and children with low birth weight: a cross-sectional study. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 374-385. Low birth weight (LBW) children are prone to abnormal neurological signs in tone, coordination and reflexes, due to neonatal complications which lead to development of motor deficits and delays. The aim of the present study was a comparison between the motor function of school-age children with normal birth weight (NBW) and children with LBW. This study was conducted with 471 school-aged children from different districts of West Bengal, India. Different socio-demographic variables of the participants were studied by using a pre-structured schedule questionnaire. Gross motor function was studied by standing broad jump and vertical jump whereas fine motor function was studied by hand reaction time and speed of movement. Jumping skill was better among the boys than girls which implied that the gross motor skill of boys was better than girls. However, the hand reaction time and speed of movement among the girls was better than that of boys which implied that the fine motor skill of girls was better than boys. The postnatal growth of LBW children was significantly lower than that of NBW children. Both gross and fine motor performances of LBW children were significantly poorer than that of NBW children. This study found a strong association between birth weight and motor skills among school-age children even after controlling for the effects of age, gestational age, postnatal growth (height, weight and BMI) and socioeconomic status in a multivariable model. Thus, it appears that babies who are born with LBW have a tendency of neuro-developmental impairments during their childhood. Therefore, long-term monitoring programs and early detection and intervention is necessary in order to minimize future sequelae. The finding of this study indicates the importance of paying special attention to developmental follow up of high risk and LBW infants. It is proposed that more diagnostic evaluations be conducted on LBW infants for all aspects of development.
We generalize the construction of time-reversal symmetry-breaking triple-component semimetals, tr... more We generalize the construction of time-reversal symmetry-breaking triple-component semimetals, transforming under the pseudospin-1 representation, to arbitrary (anti-)monopole charge 2n, with n = 1, 2, 3 in the crystalline environment. The quasiparticle spectra of such systems are composed of two dispersing bands with pseudospin projections ms = ±1 and energy dispersions E k = ± α 2 n k 2n ⊥ + v 2 z k 2 z , where k ⊥ = k 2 x + k 2 y , and one completely flat band at zero energy with ms = 0. We construct simple tight-binding models for such spin-1 excitations on a cubic lattice and address the symmetries of the generalized triple-component Hamiltonian. In accordance to the bulkboundary correspondence, triple-component semimetals support 2n branches of topological Fermi arc surface states and also accommodate a large anomalous Hall conductivity (in the xy plane), given by σ 3D xy ∝ 2n× the separation of the triple-component nodes (in units of e 2 /h). Furthermore, we compute the longitudinal magnetoconductivity, planar Hall conductivity, and magneto thermal conductivity in these systems, which increase as B 2 for sufficiently weak magnetic fields (B) due to the nontrivial Berry curvature in the medium. A generalization of our construction to arbitrary integer spin systems is also highlighted. 1 system in two dimensions, see D. Green, L. Santos, and C. Chamon, Phys. Rev. B 82, 075104 (2010), for example. 2 We here neglect the particle-hole asymmetry of the form S 0 (a + b k 2), where S 0 is a (2s+1) dimensional idenity matrix, which is always present in any real materials, since it does not affect the
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