The Khunik area is located in the south of Birjand, Khorasan province, in the eastern margin of L... more The Khunik area is located in the south of Birjand, Khorasan province, in the eastern margin of Lut block. Tertiary volcanic rocks have andesite to trachy-andesite composition. Dating analyzing by Rb-Sr method on plagioclase and hornblende as well as whole-rock isochron method was performed on pyroxene-hornblende andesite rock unit. On this basis the emplacement age is Upper Paleocene (58±11 Ma). These rocks have initial 87Sr/86Sr and εNd 0.7046-0.7049 and 2.16-3.12, respectively. According to isotopic data, volcanic rocks originated from depleted mantle and have the least crust contamination while it was fractionated. Geochemically, Khunik volcanic rocks have features typical of calk-alkaline to shoshonite and are metaluminous. Enrichment in LILEs and typical negative anomalies of Nb and Ti are evidences that the volcanic rocks formed in a subduction zone and active continental margin. Modeling suggests that these rocks were derived dominantly from 1–5% partial melting of a mainly spinel garnet lherzolite mantle source that is metasomatized by slab-derived fluid.
Introduction The study area is located in 180 kilometers at the South of the city of Birjand and ... more Introduction The study area is located in 180 kilometers at the South of the city of Birjand and at 4 kilometers North of the Qhaleh-Zari mine, within the Central Lut Block. According to Stocklin and Nabavi (1973), the Lut Block (Eastern Iran) extends over 900 km in a north-south trend and is 200 km wide in an East-West direction. It is confined by the Nayband fault and the Tabas Block on the west, Nehbandan Fault in the east, Doruneh Fault in the north, and the Jaz- Morian Basin in the south. The sixty- five percent of the exposed rocks within the Lut Block consist of volcanic and plutonic rocks (Karimpour et al., 2011). The extensive magmatism of the area has resulted from the west-dipping subduction of the Lut Block zone (Karimpour et. al., 2005). The Koodakan area is located in the north of the Qhaleh-Zari mine, and in fact, it is comprised of the continuation of Qhaleh-Zari mineralization type. In the study area, rock units include Tertiary volcanic, intrusive, subvolcanic, and...
Introduction The Khunik gold prospecting area is located 106 km south of Birjand, in the Khorasan... more Introduction The Khunik gold prospecting area is located 106 km south of Birjand, in the Khorasan Jonoubi province. The Khunik area is located in a strategic part of the Lut Block that includes many instances of mineralization such as the Qaleh Zari IOCG deposit (Karimpour et al., 2005; Richards et al., 2012), the Maherabad porphyry-type Cu-Au (Malekzadeh Shafaroudi et al., 2010, 2015), the Cu porphyry type of Dehsalm (Arjmandzadeh, 2011), the Kooh-Shah (Abdi et al., 2010) and the Hired intrusion-related (reduced type granitoid) gold deposit (Karimpour et al., 2007). According to geology, alteration, geochemistry and mineralization evidence the Khunik area is a hydrothermal breccia gold system. The important styles of mineralization are: hydrothermal breccia, veinlet and disseminated. The maximum gold concentration occurs along the hydrothermal breccia zone. The aim of this study is surface and deep investigation of alteration, mineralization and geochemical characteristics of hydro...
Detecting the size and shape of minerals is very important for collecting information on minerals... more Detecting the size and shape of minerals is very important for collecting information on minerals and the texture of rocks for classification and naming. Therefore, it is necessary to study the size and shape of minerals. By combining image processing and intelligent pattern recognition techniques, successful results can be obtained through detecting minerals in sections as well as their size and shape, especially in thin-section images that have reduced the third dimensional effect. In this research, a method is proposed for segmentation of thin sections and finding train minerals in them. In this regard, user input is used to select some portions of the studied mineral. These pieces of data are used as seed points to learn the neural network. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a strong classifier algorithm to find the mineral samples in the whole image. The combination of colours and mineral features is used to train the SVM in order to find the minerals with high precision. ...
Ka olin de pos its, sit u ated ~10 km northwest of Gonabad (east ern Iran), formed by the in tru ... more Ka olin de pos its, sit u ated ~10 km northwest of Gonabad (east ern Iran), formed by the in tru sion of hy dro ther mal flu ids from a gran ite dyke in the west ern part of the study area, and the al ter ation of rhy o lite, dacite and rhyodacite re lated to Eocene volca nism. There are four ma jor ka olin quar ries. The rocks in the in ves ti gated area are mainly slate, dacite, rhy o lite, an desite-trachyandesite, and lithic and fel sic tuffs. The min er al og i cal com po si tions of the ka olin de pos its are dom i nated by quartz, kaolinite, dickite and illite with mi nor chlorite, mont mo ril lo nite, al bite, he ma tite, py rite and gyp sum. Sanidine and plagioclase crys tals in rhy o lite-rhyodacite are sericitized and kaolinized. Whole rock chem is try of the ka olin de pos its shows high con tents of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3. En rich ments of Sr in some sam ples dem on strate re ten tion of Sr and de ple tion of Rb, Ba, Ca and K dur ing hy dro ther mal al ter ation of sanidine and plagioclase within the vol ca nic units. The chondrite-nor mal ized rare earth el e ment pat terns of the clay de pos its show LREE en rich ments (La/Lu) cn = 6.75 to 57.74, point ing to kaolinization in low-pH wa ters. The iso tope com po si tion of the ka olin (d 18 O ~+5‰) is con sis tent with for ma tion at iso to pic equi lib rium with wa ter of hy dro ther mal/mag matic or i gin. The min er al og i cal com po si tion, REE con tents and el e men tal ra tios in these de pos its sug gest prov e nance of the ka olin de pos its mainly from fel sic rocks and hy dro ther mal flu ids. The O iso to pic char ac ter also sup ports these re sults.
Khunik prospect area is located 106 km southwest of Birjand, in eastern Iran. There are several o... more Khunik prospect area is located 106 km southwest of Birjand, in eastern Iran. There are several outcrops of subvolcanic intrusives as dykes and stocks in the area, which intruded Eocene volcanic rocks (andesite, andesitic basalt, dacite and pyroclastic rocks). These subvolcanic rocks are mostly diorite, monzonite, monzodiorite and quartz monzodiorite. Geochemical evidence shows that they have features typical of calk-alkaline to high-K and they are metaluminous. Based on magnetic susceptibility, these rocks belong to magnetite granitoid series. Enrichment in LREE rather than HREE, LILE rather than HFSE, and typical anomaly of Ta, Nb and Ti are evidence of their volcanic arc setting.
Introduction The study area is located in the Khorasan Razavi Province, NW of Gonabad between 58°... more Introduction The study area is located in the Khorasan Razavi Province, NW of Gonabad between 58° 33˝- 58 ° 38˝ to the east and 25° 34˝ - 25° 38˝ to the north. Geotectonically, the area is located in the northern part of the Lut Block. The Lut Block is the main metallogenic province in the east of Iran (Karimpour et al., 2012). There is a significant outcrop of Tertiary intermediate volcanic and pyroclastic rocks in the northwest of Gonabad. This region is rich in clay (kaolin) mineralization. The source of these kaolin deposits (argillic alteration) is related to a granitic dyke that intruded into the Shemshak Formation. Geology According to studies most of the rocks in this region are volcanic rocks which mainly consist of trachyte, andesite, trachyandesite, dacite, rhyodacite, pyroclastics rocks of agglomerate and tuff and some subvolcanic masses and dykes of acidic to intermediate compositions. Sedimentary rocks in the study area are slightly metamorphosed. The oldest metamorphi...
Detecting the size and shape of minerals is very important for collecting information on minerals... more Detecting the size and shape of minerals is very important for collecting information on minerals and the texture of rocks for classification and naming. Therefore, it is necessary to study the size and shape of minerals. By combining image processing and intelligent pattern recognition techniques, successful results can be obtained through detecting minerals in sections as well as their size and shape, especially in thin-section images that have reduced the third dimensional effect. In this research, a method is proposed for segmentation of thin sections and finding train minerals in them. In this regard, user input is used to select some portions of the studied mineral. These pieces of data are used as seed points to learn the neural network. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a strong classifier algorithm to find the mineral samples in the whole image. The combination of colours and mineral features is used to train the SVM in order to find the minerals with high precision. ...
Tertiary acidic to intermediate volcanic activities and the role of fault zones in Sarbisheh area... more Tertiary acidic to intermediate volcanic activities and the role of fault zones in Sarbisheh area have provided suitable conditions for the formation of bentonite, especially in pyroclastic deposits. Southeast Gondakan, Kalateh Pedaran, Golab, Golestan, Asfich, Hasan Kolangi, and Kangan bentonites in 1/100000 geological map of Sarbisheh were selected as the case study. Satellite image processing shows argillic alteration with the presence of montmorillonite. Field and XRD studies approved satellite image processing and bentonite formation in the studied areas. Montmorillonite, anorthite, and cristobalite are the main minerals in these bentonites. Based on available data, Hasan Kolangi, Asfich and Golestan bentonites are Na-Ca, Ca-Na, and Ca-type respectively. Parental rocks of studied bentonites are acidic to intermediate lavas (rhyodacite-dacite to andesite) and pyroclastic rocks (tuff-breccia) that had affected by medium to high-grade alteration. Calculation of geochemical changes in bentonitic zones indicated the decrease of silica, Na, and K and increase of Ca.
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
Glauconite is a greenish ferric-iron silicate mineral with micaceous structure, characteristicall... more Glauconite is a greenish ferric-iron silicate mineral with micaceous structure, characteristically formed in shallow marine environments. Glauconite has been used as a pigmentation agent for oil paint, contaminants remover in environmental studies and a source of potassium in plant fertilizers, and other industries. Koppeh-dagh basin is extended in Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan countries and Glauconite units exist in this basin. In this research for enhancing and mapping glauconitic units in Koppeh-dagh structural zone in north east of Iran, remote sensing techniques such as Spectral Angle Mapper classification (SAM), band ratio and band composition methods on SPOT, ASTER and Landsat data in 3 steps were applied.
Khunik prospect area is located in the East of Iran and 106 km to the southwest of Birjand.Widesp... more Khunik prospect area is located in the East of Iran and 106 km to the southwest of Birjand.Widespread volcanic rocks (Andesite and agglomerate) and intrusion of subvolcanic
The Khunik area is located in the south of Birjand, Khorasan province, in the eastern margin of L... more The Khunik area is located in the south of Birjand, Khorasan province, in the eastern margin of Lut block. Tertiary volcanic rocks have andesite to trachy-andesite composition. Dating analyzing by Rb-Sr method on plagioclase and hornblende as well as whole-rock isochron method was performed on pyroxene-hornblende andesite rock unit. On this basis the emplacement age is Upper Paleocene (58±11 Ma). These rocks have initial 87Sr/86Sr and εNd 0.7046-0.7049 and 2.16-3.12, respectively. According to isotopic data, volcanic rocks originated from depleted mantle and have the least crust contamination while it was fractionated. Geochemically, Khunik volcanic rocks have features typical of calk-alkaline to shoshonite and are metaluminous. Enrichment in LILEs and typical negative anomalies of Nb and Ti are evidences that the volcanic rocks formed in a subduction zone and active continental margin. Modeling suggests that these rocks were derived dominantly from 1–5% partial melting of a mainly spinel garnet lherzolite mantle source that is metasomatized by slab-derived fluid.
Introduction The study area is located in 180 kilometers at the South of the city of Birjand and ... more Introduction The study area is located in 180 kilometers at the South of the city of Birjand and at 4 kilometers North of the Qhaleh-Zari mine, within the Central Lut Block. According to Stocklin and Nabavi (1973), the Lut Block (Eastern Iran) extends over 900 km in a north-south trend and is 200 km wide in an East-West direction. It is confined by the Nayband fault and the Tabas Block on the west, Nehbandan Fault in the east, Doruneh Fault in the north, and the Jaz- Morian Basin in the south. The sixty- five percent of the exposed rocks within the Lut Block consist of volcanic and plutonic rocks (Karimpour et al., 2011). The extensive magmatism of the area has resulted from the west-dipping subduction of the Lut Block zone (Karimpour et. al., 2005). The Koodakan area is located in the north of the Qhaleh-Zari mine, and in fact, it is comprised of the continuation of Qhaleh-Zari mineralization type. In the study area, rock units include Tertiary volcanic, intrusive, subvolcanic, and...
Introduction The Khunik gold prospecting area is located 106 km south of Birjand, in the Khorasan... more Introduction The Khunik gold prospecting area is located 106 km south of Birjand, in the Khorasan Jonoubi province. The Khunik area is located in a strategic part of the Lut Block that includes many instances of mineralization such as the Qaleh Zari IOCG deposit (Karimpour et al., 2005; Richards et al., 2012), the Maherabad porphyry-type Cu-Au (Malekzadeh Shafaroudi et al., 2010, 2015), the Cu porphyry type of Dehsalm (Arjmandzadeh, 2011), the Kooh-Shah (Abdi et al., 2010) and the Hired intrusion-related (reduced type granitoid) gold deposit (Karimpour et al., 2007). According to geology, alteration, geochemistry and mineralization evidence the Khunik area is a hydrothermal breccia gold system. The important styles of mineralization are: hydrothermal breccia, veinlet and disseminated. The maximum gold concentration occurs along the hydrothermal breccia zone. The aim of this study is surface and deep investigation of alteration, mineralization and geochemical characteristics of hydro...
Detecting the size and shape of minerals is very important for collecting information on minerals... more Detecting the size and shape of minerals is very important for collecting information on minerals and the texture of rocks for classification and naming. Therefore, it is necessary to study the size and shape of minerals. By combining image processing and intelligent pattern recognition techniques, successful results can be obtained through detecting minerals in sections as well as their size and shape, especially in thin-section images that have reduced the third dimensional effect. In this research, a method is proposed for segmentation of thin sections and finding train minerals in them. In this regard, user input is used to select some portions of the studied mineral. These pieces of data are used as seed points to learn the neural network. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a strong classifier algorithm to find the mineral samples in the whole image. The combination of colours and mineral features is used to train the SVM in order to find the minerals with high precision. ...
Ka olin de pos its, sit u ated ~10 km northwest of Gonabad (east ern Iran), formed by the in tru ... more Ka olin de pos its, sit u ated ~10 km northwest of Gonabad (east ern Iran), formed by the in tru sion of hy dro ther mal flu ids from a gran ite dyke in the west ern part of the study area, and the al ter ation of rhy o lite, dacite and rhyodacite re lated to Eocene volca nism. There are four ma jor ka olin quar ries. The rocks in the in ves ti gated area are mainly slate, dacite, rhy o lite, an desite-trachyandesite, and lithic and fel sic tuffs. The min er al og i cal com po si tions of the ka olin de pos its are dom i nated by quartz, kaolinite, dickite and illite with mi nor chlorite, mont mo ril lo nite, al bite, he ma tite, py rite and gyp sum. Sanidine and plagioclase crys tals in rhy o lite-rhyodacite are sericitized and kaolinized. Whole rock chem is try of the ka olin de pos its shows high con tents of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3. En rich ments of Sr in some sam ples dem on strate re ten tion of Sr and de ple tion of Rb, Ba, Ca and K dur ing hy dro ther mal al ter ation of sanidine and plagioclase within the vol ca nic units. The chondrite-nor mal ized rare earth el e ment pat terns of the clay de pos its show LREE en rich ments (La/Lu) cn = 6.75 to 57.74, point ing to kaolinization in low-pH wa ters. The iso tope com po si tion of the ka olin (d 18 O ~+5‰) is con sis tent with for ma tion at iso to pic equi lib rium with wa ter of hy dro ther mal/mag matic or i gin. The min er al og i cal com po si tion, REE con tents and el e men tal ra tios in these de pos its sug gest prov e nance of the ka olin de pos its mainly from fel sic rocks and hy dro ther mal flu ids. The O iso to pic char ac ter also sup ports these re sults.
Khunik prospect area is located 106 km southwest of Birjand, in eastern Iran. There are several o... more Khunik prospect area is located 106 km southwest of Birjand, in eastern Iran. There are several outcrops of subvolcanic intrusives as dykes and stocks in the area, which intruded Eocene volcanic rocks (andesite, andesitic basalt, dacite and pyroclastic rocks). These subvolcanic rocks are mostly diorite, monzonite, monzodiorite and quartz monzodiorite. Geochemical evidence shows that they have features typical of calk-alkaline to high-K and they are metaluminous. Based on magnetic susceptibility, these rocks belong to magnetite granitoid series. Enrichment in LREE rather than HREE, LILE rather than HFSE, and typical anomaly of Ta, Nb and Ti are evidence of their volcanic arc setting.
Introduction The study area is located in the Khorasan Razavi Province, NW of Gonabad between 58°... more Introduction The study area is located in the Khorasan Razavi Province, NW of Gonabad between 58° 33˝- 58 ° 38˝ to the east and 25° 34˝ - 25° 38˝ to the north. Geotectonically, the area is located in the northern part of the Lut Block. The Lut Block is the main metallogenic province in the east of Iran (Karimpour et al., 2012). There is a significant outcrop of Tertiary intermediate volcanic and pyroclastic rocks in the northwest of Gonabad. This region is rich in clay (kaolin) mineralization. The source of these kaolin deposits (argillic alteration) is related to a granitic dyke that intruded into the Shemshak Formation. Geology According to studies most of the rocks in this region are volcanic rocks which mainly consist of trachyte, andesite, trachyandesite, dacite, rhyodacite, pyroclastics rocks of agglomerate and tuff and some subvolcanic masses and dykes of acidic to intermediate compositions. Sedimentary rocks in the study area are slightly metamorphosed. The oldest metamorphi...
Detecting the size and shape of minerals is very important for collecting information on minerals... more Detecting the size and shape of minerals is very important for collecting information on minerals and the texture of rocks for classification and naming. Therefore, it is necessary to study the size and shape of minerals. By combining image processing and intelligent pattern recognition techniques, successful results can be obtained through detecting minerals in sections as well as their size and shape, especially in thin-section images that have reduced the third dimensional effect. In this research, a method is proposed for segmentation of thin sections and finding train minerals in them. In this regard, user input is used to select some portions of the studied mineral. These pieces of data are used as seed points to learn the neural network. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a strong classifier algorithm to find the mineral samples in the whole image. The combination of colours and mineral features is used to train the SVM in order to find the minerals with high precision. ...
Tertiary acidic to intermediate volcanic activities and the role of fault zones in Sarbisheh area... more Tertiary acidic to intermediate volcanic activities and the role of fault zones in Sarbisheh area have provided suitable conditions for the formation of bentonite, especially in pyroclastic deposits. Southeast Gondakan, Kalateh Pedaran, Golab, Golestan, Asfich, Hasan Kolangi, and Kangan bentonites in 1/100000 geological map of Sarbisheh were selected as the case study. Satellite image processing shows argillic alteration with the presence of montmorillonite. Field and XRD studies approved satellite image processing and bentonite formation in the studied areas. Montmorillonite, anorthite, and cristobalite are the main minerals in these bentonites. Based on available data, Hasan Kolangi, Asfich and Golestan bentonites are Na-Ca, Ca-Na, and Ca-type respectively. Parental rocks of studied bentonites are acidic to intermediate lavas (rhyodacite-dacite to andesite) and pyroclastic rocks (tuff-breccia) that had affected by medium to high-grade alteration. Calculation of geochemical changes in bentonitic zones indicated the decrease of silica, Na, and K and increase of Ca.
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
Glauconite is a greenish ferric-iron silicate mineral with micaceous structure, characteristicall... more Glauconite is a greenish ferric-iron silicate mineral with micaceous structure, characteristically formed in shallow marine environments. Glauconite has been used as a pigmentation agent for oil paint, contaminants remover in environmental studies and a source of potassium in plant fertilizers, and other industries. Koppeh-dagh basin is extended in Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan countries and Glauconite units exist in this basin. In this research for enhancing and mapping glauconitic units in Koppeh-dagh structural zone in north east of Iran, remote sensing techniques such as Spectral Angle Mapper classification (SAM), band ratio and band composition methods on SPOT, ASTER and Landsat data in 3 steps were applied.
Khunik prospect area is located in the East of Iran and 106 km to the southwest of Birjand.Widesp... more Khunik prospect area is located in the East of Iran and 106 km to the southwest of Birjand.Widespread volcanic rocks (Andesite and agglomerate) and intrusion of subvolcanic
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