This book is a collective product based on input and feedback from many members. If you have any ... more This book is a collective product based on input and feedback from many members. If you have any questions or suggestions, please do not hesitate to post them here, on the GMAT Club forum.
Monochelated organoantimony(V) complexes of the type R,Sb(OMe)L, where R = Me or Ph, and L is the... more Monochelated organoantimony(V) complexes of the type R,Sb(OMe)L, where R = Me or Ph, and L is the anion of acetylacetone, 8-hydroxyquinoline, salicylaldehyde, o-hydroxyacetophenone or 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde have been obtained from triorganoantimony(V) dibromide and the sodium derivative of the ligands in a benzene-methanol mixture. Molecular weight determination in benzene reveals the monomeric nature of these complexes. IR and NMR data suggest that L acts as a bidentate ligand giving an octahedral environment for the antimony atom.
Pankaj Sharma*, Noe Rosas, Alfredo Toscano, Simon Hernandez, Rama Shankar and Armando Cabrera* In... more Pankaj Sharma*, Noe Rosas, Alfredo Toscano, Simon Hernandez, Rama Shankar and Armando Cabrera* Instituto de Quimica, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan, Mexico, DF 04510 ... Crystal structures have been determined for Bu4N[PhSbClBr2] (1) ... Bu4N[Ph2SbBr2] (2). In ...
a b s t r a c t 'Spray evaporation' based on the principle of adiabatic humidification was examin... more a b s t r a c t 'Spray evaporation' based on the principle of adiabatic humidification was examined as an evaporation technique for the concentration of two types of representative liquid foods, namely, fruit juice and milk. The concentration of apple juice could be increased from 10.0 to 13.0 Brix by this technique without application of heat utilizing the humidity potential to an extent of 89%. Employing heated process air during processing increased the amount of water evaporation owing to increased saturation humidity level, enabling higher concentrations to be achieved in apple juice (48 Brix), reconstituted milk (29 Brix) and single toned milk (22 Brix). Feed flow rate had an inverse effect on the final concentration under otherwise similar conditions. Evaporative cooling associated with spray evaporation actually delivered the concentrate at a relatively lower temperature. By manipulating the operating conditions, humidity potential could be utilized to the extent of 55% with heated process air. The spray evaporation technique seemed to have a good potential for the concentration of liquid foods.
Background Various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been done in ischaemic stroke, ide... more Background Various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been done in ischaemic stroke, identifying a few loci associated with the disease, but sample sizes have been 3500 cases or less. We established the METASTROKE collaboration with the aim of validating associations from previous GWAS and identifying novel genetic associations through meta-analysis of GWAS datasets for ischaemic stroke and its subtypes.
Background Various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been done in ischaemic stroke, ide... more Background Various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been done in ischaemic stroke, identifying a few loci associated with the disease, but sample sizes have been 3500 cases or less. We established the METASTROKE collaboration with the aim of validating associations from previous GWAS and identifying novel genetic associations through meta-analysis of GWAS datasets for ischaemic stroke and its subtypes.
1. Lancet. 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):648-9. Outcome of raising blood pressure in patients with penetr... more 1. Lancet. 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):648-9. Outcome of raising blood pressure in patients with penetrating trunk wounds. Shah N, Palmer C, Sharma P. PMID: 9500329 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types: Letter; Research Support, Non-US Gov't. MeSH Terms: ...
1. Lancet. 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):648-9. Outcome of raising blood pressure in patients with penetr... more 1. Lancet. 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):648-9. Outcome of raising blood pressure in patients with penetrating trunk wounds. Shah N, Palmer C, Sharma P. PMID: 9500329 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types: Letter; Research Support, Non-US Gov't. MeSH Terms: ...
The general belief is that selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are less toxic than tr... more The general belief is that selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are less toxic than tricyclic antidepressants. Six people who committed suicide and who were found to have high concentrations of venous citalopram after death and Öström and colleagues 1 suggests that the deaths result from acute overdose. They suggested both cardiac arrhythmia and generalised seizures as possible causes of death. We report here the findings in five suicide attempts involving non-fatal citalopram overdose.
The general belief is that selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are less toxic than tr... more The general belief is that selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are less toxic than tricyclic antidepressants. Six people who committed suicide and who were found to have high concentrations of venous citalopram after death and Öström and colleagues 1 suggests that the deaths result from acute overdose. They suggested both cardiac arrhythmia and generalised seizures as possible causes of death. We report here the findings in five suicide attempts involving non-fatal citalopram overdose.
SIR-Your June 10 editorial suggests that empowerment of the population by the availability of pro... more SIR-Your June 10 editorial suggests that empowerment of the population by the availability of proper scientific information will change the face of health care. It is proposed that patients will be able to determine their need for a medical or pharmaceutical opinion by consulting league tables, CD-ROMs, and the Internet. This ignores reality: CD-ROMs, though likely to contain authoritative data, are expensive and will not be available to all while the quality of the cheap information on the Internet is at best questionable. As a regular reader of several Usenet groups, both in the "sci" hierarchy and in the "alt" (support group), I find that contributors to the information revolution fall into three groups: those who know at least something of what they are talking about; those who think they do but are often dangerously misinformed; and those who have a hidden (or not so hidden) agenda to persuade their readers that their beliefs (however crackpot) are true and that "modern allopathic medicine" is an evil to be avoided.
SIR-Your June 10 editorial suggests that empowerment of the population by the availability of pro... more SIR-Your June 10 editorial suggests that empowerment of the population by the availability of proper scientific information will change the face of health care. It is proposed that patients will be able to determine their need for a medical or pharmaceutical opinion by consulting league tables, CD-ROMs, and the Internet. This ignores reality: CD-ROMs, though likely to contain authoritative data, are expensive and will not be available to all while the quality of the cheap information on the Internet is at best questionable. As a regular reader of several Usenet groups, both in the "sci" hierarchy and in the "alt" (support group), I find that contributors to the information revolution fall into three groups: those who know at least something of what they are talking about; those who think they do but are often dangerously misinformed; and those who have a hidden (or not so hidden) agenda to persuade their readers that their beliefs (however crackpot) are true and that "modern allopathic medicine" is an evil to be avoided.
The MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism has been associated with raised homocysteine concentration and incr... more The MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism has been associated with raised homocysteine concentration and increased risk of stroke. A previous overview showed that the effects were greatest in regions with low dietary folate consumption, but differentiation between the effect of folate and small-study bias was difficult. A meta-analysis of randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions showed no reduction in coronary heart disease events or stroke, but the trials were generally set in populations with high folate consumption. We aimed to reduce the effect of small-study bias and investigate whether folate status modifies the association between MTHFR 677C→T and stroke in a genetic analysis and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. We established a collaboration of genetic studies consisting of 237 datasets including 59,995 individuals with data for homocysteine and 20,885 stroke events. We compared the genetic findings with a meta-analysis of 13 randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering treatments and stroke risk (45,549 individuals, 2314 stroke events, 269 transient ischaemic attacks). The effect of the MTHFR 677C→T variant on homocysteine concentration was larger in low folate regions (Asia; difference between individuals with TT versus CC genotype, 3·12 μmol/L, 95% CI 2·23 to 4·01) than in areas with folate fortification (America, Australia, and New Zealand, high; 0·13 μmol/L, -0·85 to 1·11). The odds ratio (OR) for stroke was also higher in Asia (1·68, 95% CI 1·44 to 1·97) than in America, Australia, and New Zealand, high (1·03, 0·84 to 1·25). Most randomised trials took place in regions with high or increasing population folate concentrations. The summary relative risk (RR) of stroke in trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions (0·94, 95% CI 0·85 to 1·04) was similar to that predicted for the same extent of homocysteine reduction in large genetic studies in populations with similar folate status (predicted RR 1·00, 95% CI 0·90 to 1·11). Although the predicted effect of homocysteine reduction from large genetic studies in low folate regions (Asia) was larger (RR 0·78, 95% CI 0·68 to 0·90), no trial has evaluated the effect of lowering of homocysteine on stroke risk exclusively in a low folate region. In regions with increasing levels or established policies of population folate supplementation, evidence from genetic studies and randomised trials is concordant in suggesting an absence of benefit from lowering of homocysteine for prevention of stroke. Further large-scale genetic studies of the association between MTHFR 677C→T and stroke in low folate settings are needed to distinguish effect modification by folate from small-study bias. If future randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions for stroke prevention are undertaken, they should take place in regions with low folate consumption. Full funding sources listed at end of paper (see Acknowledgments).
The MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism has been associated with raised homocysteine concentration and incr... more The MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism has been associated with raised homocysteine concentration and increased risk of stroke. A previous overview showed that the effects were greatest in regions with low dietary folate consumption, but differentiation between the effect of folate and small-study bias was difficult. A meta-analysis of randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions showed no reduction in coronary heart disease events or stroke, but the trials were generally set in populations with high folate consumption. We aimed to reduce the effect of small-study bias and investigate whether folate status modifies the association between MTHFR 677C→T and stroke in a genetic analysis and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. We established a collaboration of genetic studies consisting of 237 datasets including 59,995 individuals with data for homocysteine and 20,885 stroke events. We compared the genetic findings with a meta-analysis of 13 randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering treatments and stroke risk (45,549 individuals, 2314 stroke events, 269 transient ischaemic attacks). The effect of the MTHFR 677C→T variant on homocysteine concentration was larger in low folate regions (Asia; difference between individuals with TT versus CC genotype, 3·12 μmol/L, 95% CI 2·23 to 4·01) than in areas with folate fortification (America, Australia, and New Zealand, high; 0·13 μmol/L, -0·85 to 1·11). The odds ratio (OR) for stroke was also higher in Asia (1·68, 95% CI 1·44 to 1·97) than in America, Australia, and New Zealand, high (1·03, 0·84 to 1·25). Most randomised trials took place in regions with high or increasing population folate concentrations. The summary relative risk (RR) of stroke in trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions (0·94, 95% CI 0·85 to 1·04) was similar to that predicted for the same extent of homocysteine reduction in large genetic studies in populations with similar folate status (predicted RR 1·00, 95% CI 0·90 to 1·11). Although the predicted effect of homocysteine reduction from large genetic studies in low folate regions (Asia) was larger (RR 0·78, 95% CI 0·68 to 0·90), no trial has evaluated the effect of lowering of homocysteine on stroke risk exclusively in a low folate region. In regions with increasing levels or established policies of population folate supplementation, evidence from genetic studies and randomised trials is concordant in suggesting an absence of benefit from lowering of homocysteine for prevention of stroke. Further large-scale genetic studies of the association between MTHFR 677C→T and stroke in low folate settings are needed to distinguish effect modification by folate from small-study bias. If future randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions for stroke prevention are undertaken, they should take place in regions with low folate consumption. Full funding sources listed at end of paper (see Acknowledgments).
Background Individuals homozygous for the T allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism have higher pl... more Background Individuals homozygous for the T allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism have higher plasma homocysteine concentrations (the phenotype) than those with the CC genotype, which, if pathogenetic, should put them at increased risk of stroke. Since this polymorphism is distributed randomly during gamete formation, its association with stroke should not be biased or confounded. We investigated consistency between the expected odds ratio for stroke among TT homozygotes, extrapolated from genotype-phenotype and phenotype-disease studies, and the observed odds ratio from a meta-analysis of genotype-disease association studies.
Background Individuals homozygous for the T allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism have higher pl... more Background Individuals homozygous for the T allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism have higher plasma homocysteine concentrations (the phenotype) than those with the CC genotype, which, if pathogenetic, should put them at increased risk of stroke. Since this polymorphism is distributed randomly during gamete formation, its association with stroke should not be biased or confounded. We investigated consistency between the expected odds ratio for stroke among TT homozygotes, extrapolated from genotype-phenotype and phenotype-disease studies, and the observed odds ratio from a meta-analysis of genotype-disease association studies.
This book is a collective product based on input and feedback from many members. If you have any ... more This book is a collective product based on input and feedback from many members. If you have any questions or suggestions, please do not hesitate to post them here, on the GMAT Club forum.
Monochelated organoantimony(V) complexes of the type R,Sb(OMe)L, where R = Me or Ph, and L is the... more Monochelated organoantimony(V) complexes of the type R,Sb(OMe)L, where R = Me or Ph, and L is the anion of acetylacetone, 8-hydroxyquinoline, salicylaldehyde, o-hydroxyacetophenone or 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde have been obtained from triorganoantimony(V) dibromide and the sodium derivative of the ligands in a benzene-methanol mixture. Molecular weight determination in benzene reveals the monomeric nature of these complexes. IR and NMR data suggest that L acts as a bidentate ligand giving an octahedral environment for the antimony atom.
Pankaj Sharma*, Noe Rosas, Alfredo Toscano, Simon Hernandez, Rama Shankar and Armando Cabrera* In... more Pankaj Sharma*, Noe Rosas, Alfredo Toscano, Simon Hernandez, Rama Shankar and Armando Cabrera* Instituto de Quimica, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan, Mexico, DF 04510 ... Crystal structures have been determined for Bu4N[PhSbClBr2] (1) ... Bu4N[Ph2SbBr2] (2). In ...
a b s t r a c t 'Spray evaporation' based on the principle of adiabatic humidification was examin... more a b s t r a c t 'Spray evaporation' based on the principle of adiabatic humidification was examined as an evaporation technique for the concentration of two types of representative liquid foods, namely, fruit juice and milk. The concentration of apple juice could be increased from 10.0 to 13.0 Brix by this technique without application of heat utilizing the humidity potential to an extent of 89%. Employing heated process air during processing increased the amount of water evaporation owing to increased saturation humidity level, enabling higher concentrations to be achieved in apple juice (48 Brix), reconstituted milk (29 Brix) and single toned milk (22 Brix). Feed flow rate had an inverse effect on the final concentration under otherwise similar conditions. Evaporative cooling associated with spray evaporation actually delivered the concentrate at a relatively lower temperature. By manipulating the operating conditions, humidity potential could be utilized to the extent of 55% with heated process air. The spray evaporation technique seemed to have a good potential for the concentration of liquid foods.
Background Various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been done in ischaemic stroke, ide... more Background Various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been done in ischaemic stroke, identifying a few loci associated with the disease, but sample sizes have been 3500 cases or less. We established the METASTROKE collaboration with the aim of validating associations from previous GWAS and identifying novel genetic associations through meta-analysis of GWAS datasets for ischaemic stroke and its subtypes.
Background Various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been done in ischaemic stroke, ide... more Background Various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been done in ischaemic stroke, identifying a few loci associated with the disease, but sample sizes have been 3500 cases or less. We established the METASTROKE collaboration with the aim of validating associations from previous GWAS and identifying novel genetic associations through meta-analysis of GWAS datasets for ischaemic stroke and its subtypes.
1. Lancet. 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):648-9. Outcome of raising blood pressure in patients with penetr... more 1. Lancet. 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):648-9. Outcome of raising blood pressure in patients with penetrating trunk wounds. Shah N, Palmer C, Sharma P. PMID: 9500329 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types: Letter; Research Support, Non-US Gov't. MeSH Terms: ...
1. Lancet. 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):648-9. Outcome of raising blood pressure in patients with penetr... more 1. Lancet. 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):648-9. Outcome of raising blood pressure in patients with penetrating trunk wounds. Shah N, Palmer C, Sharma P. PMID: 9500329 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types: Letter; Research Support, Non-US Gov't. MeSH Terms: ...
The general belief is that selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are less toxic than tr... more The general belief is that selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are less toxic than tricyclic antidepressants. Six people who committed suicide and who were found to have high concentrations of venous citalopram after death and Öström and colleagues 1 suggests that the deaths result from acute overdose. They suggested both cardiac arrhythmia and generalised seizures as possible causes of death. We report here the findings in five suicide attempts involving non-fatal citalopram overdose.
The general belief is that selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are less toxic than tr... more The general belief is that selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are less toxic than tricyclic antidepressants. Six people who committed suicide and who were found to have high concentrations of venous citalopram after death and Öström and colleagues 1 suggests that the deaths result from acute overdose. They suggested both cardiac arrhythmia and generalised seizures as possible causes of death. We report here the findings in five suicide attempts involving non-fatal citalopram overdose.
SIR-Your June 10 editorial suggests that empowerment of the population by the availability of pro... more SIR-Your June 10 editorial suggests that empowerment of the population by the availability of proper scientific information will change the face of health care. It is proposed that patients will be able to determine their need for a medical or pharmaceutical opinion by consulting league tables, CD-ROMs, and the Internet. This ignores reality: CD-ROMs, though likely to contain authoritative data, are expensive and will not be available to all while the quality of the cheap information on the Internet is at best questionable. As a regular reader of several Usenet groups, both in the "sci" hierarchy and in the "alt" (support group), I find that contributors to the information revolution fall into three groups: those who know at least something of what they are talking about; those who think they do but are often dangerously misinformed; and those who have a hidden (or not so hidden) agenda to persuade their readers that their beliefs (however crackpot) are true and that "modern allopathic medicine" is an evil to be avoided.
SIR-Your June 10 editorial suggests that empowerment of the population by the availability of pro... more SIR-Your June 10 editorial suggests that empowerment of the population by the availability of proper scientific information will change the face of health care. It is proposed that patients will be able to determine their need for a medical or pharmaceutical opinion by consulting league tables, CD-ROMs, and the Internet. This ignores reality: CD-ROMs, though likely to contain authoritative data, are expensive and will not be available to all while the quality of the cheap information on the Internet is at best questionable. As a regular reader of several Usenet groups, both in the "sci" hierarchy and in the "alt" (support group), I find that contributors to the information revolution fall into three groups: those who know at least something of what they are talking about; those who think they do but are often dangerously misinformed; and those who have a hidden (or not so hidden) agenda to persuade their readers that their beliefs (however crackpot) are true and that "modern allopathic medicine" is an evil to be avoided.
The MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism has been associated with raised homocysteine concentration and incr... more The MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism has been associated with raised homocysteine concentration and increased risk of stroke. A previous overview showed that the effects were greatest in regions with low dietary folate consumption, but differentiation between the effect of folate and small-study bias was difficult. A meta-analysis of randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions showed no reduction in coronary heart disease events or stroke, but the trials were generally set in populations with high folate consumption. We aimed to reduce the effect of small-study bias and investigate whether folate status modifies the association between MTHFR 677C→T and stroke in a genetic analysis and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. We established a collaboration of genetic studies consisting of 237 datasets including 59,995 individuals with data for homocysteine and 20,885 stroke events. We compared the genetic findings with a meta-analysis of 13 randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering treatments and stroke risk (45,549 individuals, 2314 stroke events, 269 transient ischaemic attacks). The effect of the MTHFR 677C→T variant on homocysteine concentration was larger in low folate regions (Asia; difference between individuals with TT versus CC genotype, 3·12 μmol/L, 95% CI 2·23 to 4·01) than in areas with folate fortification (America, Australia, and New Zealand, high; 0·13 μmol/L, -0·85 to 1·11). The odds ratio (OR) for stroke was also higher in Asia (1·68, 95% CI 1·44 to 1·97) than in America, Australia, and New Zealand, high (1·03, 0·84 to 1·25). Most randomised trials took place in regions with high or increasing population folate concentrations. The summary relative risk (RR) of stroke in trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions (0·94, 95% CI 0·85 to 1·04) was similar to that predicted for the same extent of homocysteine reduction in large genetic studies in populations with similar folate status (predicted RR 1·00, 95% CI 0·90 to 1·11). Although the predicted effect of homocysteine reduction from large genetic studies in low folate regions (Asia) was larger (RR 0·78, 95% CI 0·68 to 0·90), no trial has evaluated the effect of lowering of homocysteine on stroke risk exclusively in a low folate region. In regions with increasing levels or established policies of population folate supplementation, evidence from genetic studies and randomised trials is concordant in suggesting an absence of benefit from lowering of homocysteine for prevention of stroke. Further large-scale genetic studies of the association between MTHFR 677C→T and stroke in low folate settings are needed to distinguish effect modification by folate from small-study bias. If future randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions for stroke prevention are undertaken, they should take place in regions with low folate consumption. Full funding sources listed at end of paper (see Acknowledgments).
The MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism has been associated with raised homocysteine concentration and incr... more The MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism has been associated with raised homocysteine concentration and increased risk of stroke. A previous overview showed that the effects were greatest in regions with low dietary folate consumption, but differentiation between the effect of folate and small-study bias was difficult. A meta-analysis of randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions showed no reduction in coronary heart disease events or stroke, but the trials were generally set in populations with high folate consumption. We aimed to reduce the effect of small-study bias and investigate whether folate status modifies the association between MTHFR 677C→T and stroke in a genetic analysis and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. We established a collaboration of genetic studies consisting of 237 datasets including 59,995 individuals with data for homocysteine and 20,885 stroke events. We compared the genetic findings with a meta-analysis of 13 randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering treatments and stroke risk (45,549 individuals, 2314 stroke events, 269 transient ischaemic attacks). The effect of the MTHFR 677C→T variant on homocysteine concentration was larger in low folate regions (Asia; difference between individuals with TT versus CC genotype, 3·12 μmol/L, 95% CI 2·23 to 4·01) than in areas with folate fortification (America, Australia, and New Zealand, high; 0·13 μmol/L, -0·85 to 1·11). The odds ratio (OR) for stroke was also higher in Asia (1·68, 95% CI 1·44 to 1·97) than in America, Australia, and New Zealand, high (1·03, 0·84 to 1·25). Most randomised trials took place in regions with high or increasing population folate concentrations. The summary relative risk (RR) of stroke in trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions (0·94, 95% CI 0·85 to 1·04) was similar to that predicted for the same extent of homocysteine reduction in large genetic studies in populations with similar folate status (predicted RR 1·00, 95% CI 0·90 to 1·11). Although the predicted effect of homocysteine reduction from large genetic studies in low folate regions (Asia) was larger (RR 0·78, 95% CI 0·68 to 0·90), no trial has evaluated the effect of lowering of homocysteine on stroke risk exclusively in a low folate region. In regions with increasing levels or established policies of population folate supplementation, evidence from genetic studies and randomised trials is concordant in suggesting an absence of benefit from lowering of homocysteine for prevention of stroke. Further large-scale genetic studies of the association between MTHFR 677C→T and stroke in low folate settings are needed to distinguish effect modification by folate from small-study bias. If future randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions for stroke prevention are undertaken, they should take place in regions with low folate consumption. Full funding sources listed at end of paper (see Acknowledgments).
Background Individuals homozygous for the T allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism have higher pl... more Background Individuals homozygous for the T allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism have higher plasma homocysteine concentrations (the phenotype) than those with the CC genotype, which, if pathogenetic, should put them at increased risk of stroke. Since this polymorphism is distributed randomly during gamete formation, its association with stroke should not be biased or confounded. We investigated consistency between the expected odds ratio for stroke among TT homozygotes, extrapolated from genotype-phenotype and phenotype-disease studies, and the observed odds ratio from a meta-analysis of genotype-disease association studies.
Background Individuals homozygous for the T allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism have higher pl... more Background Individuals homozygous for the T allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism have higher plasma homocysteine concentrations (the phenotype) than those with the CC genotype, which, if pathogenetic, should put them at increased risk of stroke. Since this polymorphism is distributed randomly during gamete formation, its association with stroke should not be biased or confounded. We investigated consistency between the expected odds ratio for stroke among TT homozygotes, extrapolated from genotype-phenotype and phenotype-disease studies, and the observed odds ratio from a meta-analysis of genotype-disease association studies.
the park and feed into the Jia Bhareli. Many rivers shift their course during the rainy season an... more the park and feed into the Jia Bhareli. Many rivers shift their course during the rainy season and form dry riverbeds during the winter. Forest and woodland cover the majority of the park (94%, 188 km 2 ). Grasslands are found along the banks of the Jia Bhareli River and its tributaries and cover an area of 10 km 2 (5%). The remaining 2 km 2 (1%) is formed by various riverbeds.The vegetation of the park is a mosaic of four major forest types (following Champion and Seth 1968): (1) Eastern alluvial secondary semi-evergreen forest (including Pterospermum acerifolium, Dillenia indica, Dysoxylum procerum, Bombax ceiba, Bischofia javanica, Artocarpus chaplasha, Duabanga sonneratoides and Litsea sebifera); (2) Low alluvial savannah woodland (including Bombax ceiba, Albizzia procera, Dillenia indica, Cordia dichotoma, Premna bengalensis and Trewia nudiflora trees A total of 374 species has been recorded from Nameri National Park, Assam, north-east India, based on fieldwork carried out in 1...
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