The 67-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiati... more The 67-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) took place in the form of videoconferences during 2-6 November 2020. Within the framework of the meetings of the Working group and subgroups the documents of the following projects were discussed: R.741 «Evaluation of medical exposure to ionizing radiation»; R.742 «Levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station: implications of information published since the UNSCEAR 2013 report»; R.743 «Biological mechanisms relevant for the inference of cancer risks from lowdose and low dose rate radiation»; R.744 «Evaluation of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation»; R.745 «Second primary cancer after radiotherapy»; R.746 «Epidemiological studies of radiation and cancer»; R.747 «Evaluation of public exposures to ionizing radiation from natural and man-made sources»; Project 67/7 «Implementation of the Committee's strat...
[Dynamics of the factors of 137Cs transfer to natural and sown grasses in the long term after the accident at the Chernobyl power plant]
Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossiĭskaia akademiia nauk
The regularities of changes in factors of 137Cs transfer to natural and sown grasses in the longt... more The regularities of changes in factors of 137Cs transfer to natural and sown grasses in the longterm period after the Chernobyl accident are described. The dynamics of changes in factors of 137Cs transfer to sown grasses over the period of 1993 to 1999 was of a non-uniform character. On average, these transfer factors (TF) tended to decrease in that period. A significant tendency for an increase in TF to sown grasses was noted for 1997-1999. The half-life periods of decrease in TF to natural grasses in the period 1993-1999 were shown to be ranged from 4.6 to 24.6 years. It was demonstrated that the differences in the TF dynamics between sown and natural grasses were related to the peculiarities of their development and application of countermeasures.
Page 145. 141 ROOT UPTAKE: TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT N. SANZHAROVA O. SHUBINA RIARAE, Russian Institu... more Page 145. 141 ROOT UPTAKE: TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT N. SANZHAROVA O. SHUBINA RIARAE, Russian Institute of Agricultural Radiology & Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia H. VANDENHOVE G. OLYSLAEGERS SCK ...
This publication addresses the remediation of non-urban terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems inc... more This publication addresses the remediation of non-urban terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems including agricultural, forest and aquatic environments contaminated with radionuclides by radiation accidents, radiological incidents and other past activities. Associated social, ethical and economic considerations are also presented. The book describes modern decision aiding technologies and environmental decision support systems for remediation planning and optimization. Several case studies, demonstrating remediation success (radiation and radiological accidents, nuclear test sites, etc.) are presented and evaluated. The publication considers only remediation strategies and management options that are relevant for existing exposure situations. Management options (countermeasures) for pre-deposition and early phases after emergencies are the subject of other IAEA publications.
Data have been compiled to derive animal product transfer coefficients for radionuclides to updat... more Data have been compiled to derive animal product transfer coefficients for radionuclides to update the values given in Technical Reports Series No. 364. Significant new data inputs have been incorporated from an extensive review of Russian language information and inclusion of data published since the early 1990s. The resultant database has been used to provide reference transfer coefficient values for a range of radionuclides to (i) cow, sheep and goat milk, (ii) meat (muscle) of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry and (iii) eggs. The approaches and procedures used to identify and collate data, and assumptions used are given. For most animal products, transfer coefficient values for elements additional to those in Technical Reports Series No. 364 are provided, although some elements were considered in the earlier evaluation which were not included in this review. Differences between the Technical Reports Series No. 364 ‘expected’ values and the reference values from this documen...
At 01:23 on 26 th April 1986 an experiment was started at reactor number 4 of the Chernobyl nucle... more At 01:23 on 26 th April 1986 an experiment was started at reactor number 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP) in northern Ukraine (then part of the USSR). The purpose of the experiment was to investigate reactor safety in the event of failure of the mains electricity supply to the plant. Less than a minute after the start of the experiment there was a steam explosion which blew the lid off the reactor and resulted in the largest accidental release of radioactivity into the environment in the history of nuclear power production. The exposed reactor core continued to burn for approximately 10 days with continued releases of radioactivity to the atmosphere over this period.
April 2016 sees the 30 th anniversary of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. As a ... more April 2016 sees the 30 th anniversary of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. As a consequence of the accident populations were relocated in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine and remedial measures were put in place to reduce the entry of contaminants (primarily 134þ137 Cs) into the human food chain in a number of countries throughout Europe. Remedial measures are still today in place in a number of countries, and areas of the former Soviet Union remain abandoned. The Chernobyl accident led to a large resurgence in radioecological studies both to aid remediation and to be able to make future predictions on the post-accident situation, but, also in recognition that more knowledge was required to cope with future accidents. In this paper we discuss, what in the authors' opinions, were the advances made in radioecology as a consequence of the Chernobyl accident. The areas we identified as being significantly advanced following Chernobyl were: the importance of semi-natural ecosystems in human dose formation; the characterisation and environmental behaviour of 'hot particles'; the development and application of countermeasures; the "fixation" and long term bioavailability of radiocaesium and; the effects of radiation on plants and animals.
Remediation Strategies for Contaminated Territories Resulting from the Chernobyl Accident
The present report realizes a settlement specific approach to derive remediation strategies and g... more The present report realizes a settlement specific approach to derive remediation strategies and generalizes the results to the whole affected area. The ultimate aim of the study is to prepare possible investment projects on remediation activities in the contaminated territories. Its current aim was to identify the areas and the remedial actions that should be primarily supported and their corresponding cost. The present report starts with an outline of the methodology of deriving remediation strategies, a description of data for 70 representative settlements and of parameters of the remedial actions considered, and a classification of the contaminated territory according to radiological criteria. After summarising aspects of the contamination situation and applications of remedial actions in the past, dose calculations and derived remediation strategies for the representative settlements are described. These are generalized to the total contaminated territory. Within the contaminated territory private produce is of main importance for the radionuclide intake. At the end of the report, radiological aspects of the produce of collective farms are described. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RO 2674(02/01) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekCommission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium). Directorate General for Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil ProtectionDEGerman
Methodology for Assessing the Effectiveness of Countermeasures in Rural Settlements in the Long Term After the Chernobyl Accident on the Multi-Attribute Analysis Basis
The 67-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiati... more The 67-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) took place in the form of videoconferences during 2-6 November 2020. Within the framework of the meetings of the Working group and subgroups the documents of the following projects were discussed: R.741 «Evaluation of medical exposure to ionizing radiation»; R.742 «Levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station: implications of information published since the UNSCEAR 2013 report»; R.743 «Biological mechanisms relevant for the inference of cancer risks from lowdose and low dose rate radiation»; R.744 «Evaluation of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation»; R.745 «Second primary cancer after radiotherapy»; R.746 «Epidemiological studies of radiation and cancer»; R.747 «Evaluation of public exposures to ionizing radiation from natural and man-made sources»; Project 67/7 «Implementation of the Committee's strat...
[Dynamics of the factors of 137Cs transfer to natural and sown grasses in the long term after the accident at the Chernobyl power plant]
Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossiĭskaia akademiia nauk
The regularities of changes in factors of 137Cs transfer to natural and sown grasses in the longt... more The regularities of changes in factors of 137Cs transfer to natural and sown grasses in the longterm period after the Chernobyl accident are described. The dynamics of changes in factors of 137Cs transfer to sown grasses over the period of 1993 to 1999 was of a non-uniform character. On average, these transfer factors (TF) tended to decrease in that period. A significant tendency for an increase in TF to sown grasses was noted for 1997-1999. The half-life periods of decrease in TF to natural grasses in the period 1993-1999 were shown to be ranged from 4.6 to 24.6 years. It was demonstrated that the differences in the TF dynamics between sown and natural grasses were related to the peculiarities of their development and application of countermeasures.
Page 145. 141 ROOT UPTAKE: TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT N. SANZHAROVA O. SHUBINA RIARAE, Russian Institu... more Page 145. 141 ROOT UPTAKE: TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT N. SANZHAROVA O. SHUBINA RIARAE, Russian Institute of Agricultural Radiology & Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia H. VANDENHOVE G. OLYSLAEGERS SCK ...
This publication addresses the remediation of non-urban terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems inc... more This publication addresses the remediation of non-urban terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems including agricultural, forest and aquatic environments contaminated with radionuclides by radiation accidents, radiological incidents and other past activities. Associated social, ethical and economic considerations are also presented. The book describes modern decision aiding technologies and environmental decision support systems for remediation planning and optimization. Several case studies, demonstrating remediation success (radiation and radiological accidents, nuclear test sites, etc.) are presented and evaluated. The publication considers only remediation strategies and management options that are relevant for existing exposure situations. Management options (countermeasures) for pre-deposition and early phases after emergencies are the subject of other IAEA publications.
Data have been compiled to derive animal product transfer coefficients for radionuclides to updat... more Data have been compiled to derive animal product transfer coefficients for radionuclides to update the values given in Technical Reports Series No. 364. Significant new data inputs have been incorporated from an extensive review of Russian language information and inclusion of data published since the early 1990s. The resultant database has been used to provide reference transfer coefficient values for a range of radionuclides to (i) cow, sheep and goat milk, (ii) meat (muscle) of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry and (iii) eggs. The approaches and procedures used to identify and collate data, and assumptions used are given. For most animal products, transfer coefficient values for elements additional to those in Technical Reports Series No. 364 are provided, although some elements were considered in the earlier evaluation which were not included in this review. Differences between the Technical Reports Series No. 364 ‘expected’ values and the reference values from this documen...
At 01:23 on 26 th April 1986 an experiment was started at reactor number 4 of the Chernobyl nucle... more At 01:23 on 26 th April 1986 an experiment was started at reactor number 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP) in northern Ukraine (then part of the USSR). The purpose of the experiment was to investigate reactor safety in the event of failure of the mains electricity supply to the plant. Less than a minute after the start of the experiment there was a steam explosion which blew the lid off the reactor and resulted in the largest accidental release of radioactivity into the environment in the history of nuclear power production. The exposed reactor core continued to burn for approximately 10 days with continued releases of radioactivity to the atmosphere over this period.
April 2016 sees the 30 th anniversary of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. As a ... more April 2016 sees the 30 th anniversary of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. As a consequence of the accident populations were relocated in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine and remedial measures were put in place to reduce the entry of contaminants (primarily 134þ137 Cs) into the human food chain in a number of countries throughout Europe. Remedial measures are still today in place in a number of countries, and areas of the former Soviet Union remain abandoned. The Chernobyl accident led to a large resurgence in radioecological studies both to aid remediation and to be able to make future predictions on the post-accident situation, but, also in recognition that more knowledge was required to cope with future accidents. In this paper we discuss, what in the authors' opinions, were the advances made in radioecology as a consequence of the Chernobyl accident. The areas we identified as being significantly advanced following Chernobyl were: the importance of semi-natural ecosystems in human dose formation; the characterisation and environmental behaviour of 'hot particles'; the development and application of countermeasures; the "fixation" and long term bioavailability of radiocaesium and; the effects of radiation on plants and animals.
Remediation Strategies for Contaminated Territories Resulting from the Chernobyl Accident
The present report realizes a settlement specific approach to derive remediation strategies and g... more The present report realizes a settlement specific approach to derive remediation strategies and generalizes the results to the whole affected area. The ultimate aim of the study is to prepare possible investment projects on remediation activities in the contaminated territories. Its current aim was to identify the areas and the remedial actions that should be primarily supported and their corresponding cost. The present report starts with an outline of the methodology of deriving remediation strategies, a description of data for 70 representative settlements and of parameters of the remedial actions considered, and a classification of the contaminated territory according to radiological criteria. After summarising aspects of the contamination situation and applications of remedial actions in the past, dose calculations and derived remediation strategies for the representative settlements are described. These are generalized to the total contaminated territory. Within the contaminated territory private produce is of main importance for the radionuclide intake. At the end of the report, radiological aspects of the produce of collective farms are described. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RO 2674(02/01) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekCommission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium). Directorate General for Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil ProtectionDEGerman
Methodology for Assessing the Effectiveness of Countermeasures in Rural Settlements in the Long Term After the Chernobyl Accident on the Multi-Attribute Analysis Basis
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