Rice is the main food ingredient of the people of Indonesia. Rice is used primarily to be process... more Rice is the main food ingredient of the people of Indonesia. Rice is used primarily to be processed into rice, and a variety of other foods. Every day, households need rice for consumption. This is what makes the velocity of money in the business of rice is very fast. Rice itself has various types and levels of quality. Every kind of rice certainly has a different price. Thus, each consumer determines the kind of rice to be consumed. In Tabanan regency, agriculture is a very potential field, so it is included in the category of excellent potentials, especially food crops such as rice. Since 2013, the Government of Tabanan Regency has planned agricultural programs that implement organic farming systems on paddy fields. Everyone needs rice because this product is the staple food of the people, especially Indonesian citizens from the start of small children, adolescents, until the parents need rice as the main ingredient of him every day. Therefore the tremendous business opportunity o...
In the future, the challenge of subak is how to establish subak with its local wisdom in order to... more In the future, the challenge of subak is how to establish subak with its local wisdom in order to adapt economics forces of the members in line with the agricultural and rural development programs. Economic-oriented activity is urgently needed to face globalization and thus increase the farmers' income and anticipate the uncontrolled ricefield conversion. There are some regulations that should be considered and made by government together with local parliament regarding the sustainabililty of agricultural development, particularly on ricefield farming. Among other things as follows: (i) establishment of local enterprises for buying farmers' product; (ii) provision of agricultural insurance; (iii) provision of agricultural credit; (iv) strengthening subak as a legal aspects; dan (v) establishment of sustainable ricefield. These should be integratedly done as one system.
Pembangunan pariwisata di Bali menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang signifikan terhadap pembangunan ekono... more Pembangunan pariwisata di Bali menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang signifikan terhadap pembangunan ekonomi Bali. Sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu pendukung pengembangan pariwisata, meskipun terdampak dampak yang kurang menguntungkan bagi pembangunan pertanian, misalnya adanya alih fungsi lahan sawah. Sinergi pembangunan pariwisata dan pertanian dilakukan dengan mengembangkan agrowisata dan juga ekowisata. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui intensitas interaksi penyuluh pertanian berkenaan dengan prilaku petani terhadap pengembangan ekowisata, dan mengetahui hubungan antara intensitas interaksi dengan pengetahuan dan sikap petani. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Subak Sembung, Kecamatan Denpasar Utara, Kota Denpasar yang dipilih secara purposif. Jumlah sampel yang diambil adalah 50 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ratarata tingkat intensitas interaksi antara penyuluh pertanian dengan petani anggota subak berada pada kategori sedang. Sikap petani terhadap pengembangan ekowisata di subak adalah tergolong setuju. Sedangkan rata-rata pencapaian skor pengetahuan petani mengenai pengembangan ekowisata adalah tergolong tinggi dnegan skor 78,80 % dari skor maksimal. Dengan menggunakan analisis chi square, terdapat hubungan yang nyata antara variabel tingkat intensitas interaksi penyuluh dan petani dengan variabel sikap dan pengetahuan petani di Subak Sembung mengenai pengembangan ekowisata. Diperlukan adanya upaya-upaya pemberdayaan petani yang partisipatif agar mereka memiliki kemampuan untuk menyediakan layanan wisata yang lebih baik kepada para pengunjung, seperti aspek kenyamanan dan kebersihan serta penyediaan produk-produk pertanian yang dihasilkan oleh petani di Subak Sembung.
This paper introduces some ritual activities performed by individual farmer within subak system. ... more This paper introduces some ritual activities performed by individual farmer within subak system. Subak is farmers managed irrigation system which has an irrigation water source irrigated to certain compound of rice fields and hasa particular temple. The ritual ceremony is a part of important thing of Tri Hita Karana (THK) implementation, namelyparhyangan aspect presenting the harmonious relationship between farmer and the God. The other components of THK are pawongan (the harmonious relationship among subak’s members) through the implementation of subak’s regulation ( awig-awig ); and palemahan presenting the harmonious relationship between farmer and environment through the rice field terrace maintenance. There are 16 activities of ritual ceremonies individually performed by farmer as subak’s member starting from the ritual of fetching irrigation water until the post-harvest ritual ceremony. A side from this, thereare also ritual ceremonies conducted by the all members at the subak...
Urbanisasi telah berkembang pesat ke kota-kota, seperti Denpasar, Gianyar, TabA¤nan dan Singaraja... more Urbanisasi telah berkembang pesat ke kota-kota, seperti Denpasar, Gianyar, TabA¤nan dan Singaraja. Di sisi lain, kesempatan kerja di kota-kota yang dikutip belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan orang-orang yang urbanisasi, sehingga membawa mereka menjadi pengemis. Penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa alasan menjadi pengemis, yaitu faktor jntema / dan ekstemal. Faktor-faktor ini bisa secara parsial dan saling mempengaruhi pengemis.Faktor intemal terdiri dari (i) kemiskinan; (ii) umur; (iii) pendidikan fomal; (iv) permittansi orang tua mereka; (v) keterampilan hidup rendah; dan (YD) Sementara itu, extema / faktornya adalah (i) kondisi hidrologi; (ii) kondisi pertanian yang buruk; (ili) infrastruktur yang buruk; (iv) terbatasnya akses terhadap informasi dan modal; dan (v) pennisiveness masyarakat kota; dan (vi) lemahnya penanganan.Solusi altenative harus memperhatikan secara menyeluruh dua aspek, yaitu kondisi desa dan kota tujuan. Prinsipnya adalah solusinya harus bisa melindun...
Rural Development - Education, Sustainability, Multifunctionality, 2022
Presently, agricultural sector has great role in supporting and accelerating economic development... more Presently, agricultural sector has great role in supporting and accelerating economic development in the developing countries. Development of agriculture is always related to the rural development since it is an integral part to rural economic development. Therefore, the agricultural and rural development should be designed to increase the productivity of land, crops, and human resources in order to improve the welfare of rural village. The implementation of agricultural and rural development should be done by involving the rural institutions. Several problems have still found in the agricultural and rural development that should be properly managed by considering various aspects. In Bali Province, the implementation of agricultural and rural development can be conducted to develop tourism, industry, environment, and other economic activities. The agro-tourism, agro-industry, integrated farming system (system of crops and livestock) and village-owned enterprises could be developed a...
Rice farming is very important to provide food for the population in the country. The increased r... more Rice farming is very important to provide food for the population in the country. The increased rice productivity in Indonesia has been done since 1968 through the green revolution program. However, this program has brought the negative impacts for the physical environment which contributes to decreased productivity. Therefore, the effort to sustain the agricultural development should be taken by the government by applying sustainable agricultural technologies. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation sustainable agricultural technologies, particularly on rice farming in Bali Province, Indonesia. The results of study pointed out that the sustainable agricultural technologies in rice farming could be done by implementing SRI, organic farming, and integrated pest management. These have an important role to ensure the increased productivity of rice. Besides, these could also support the economic activities in the upstream to the downstream sectors. It is recommended ...
Land (rice field) conversion has increased over the year at the national and provincial levels. T... more Land (rice field) conversion has increased over the year at the national and provincial levels. This might threaten the government's program for achieving food security. In order to cope with this situation, the central government of Indonesia has issued the Law 41/2009 about the sustainable food farmland protection. However, this could not be implemented yet in the provinces, including in Bali. Its impact is the increased rice field conversion and uncertainty of food security program and might influence the existence of subak as a traditional irrigation system in Bali. This study is aimed to describe the subak system in rice farming development, understand the perception of farmers toward the Law, and to describe the effort which should be done by the government to achieve the effectiveness of the Law. Location of study is in Denpasar city as the capital of Bali province. Data collected by using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Descriptive method is fully e...
Visi pembangunan pertanian di Indonesia adalah terwujudnya masyarakat yang sejahtera khususnya pe... more Visi pembangunan pertanian di Indonesia adalah terwujudnya masyarakat yang sejahtera khususnya petani melalui pembangunan sistem agribisnis, dan usaha-usaha agribisnis yang berdaya saing, berkerakyatan, berkelanjutan dan desentralistis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, dan Threats atau SWOT) pada Subak Padangbulia di dalam pengembangannya ke arah agribisnis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor kekuatan Subak Padangbulia meliputi: (i) awig-awig; (ii) pertemuan-pertemuan rutin; (iii) iuran-iuran rutin; (iv) usaha simpan pinjam di subak; (v) usahatani yang terpola; (vi) terbentuknya Koperasi Tani Swakarsa; (vii) nilai religi; dan (vii) sikap petani. Sedangkan faktor kelemahannya meliputi: (i) penguasaan lahan sawah yang relatif sempit; (ii) status sebagai penyakap; (iii) terbatasnya permodalan; (iv) terbatasnya keterampilan manajemen administrasi; (v) rendahnya pengetahuan; (vi) tidak dimilikinya tempat penyimpanan gabah. Beberapa peluang adalah: (i) prasarana dan sarana transportasi yang relatif balk; (ii) tersedianya pasar; (iii) peningkatan program pemerintah di sektor pertanian; (iv) tersedianya lembaga keuangan; dan (v) adanya pengusaha-pengusaha yang bergerak dalam perpadian. Sedangkan faktor ancaman meliputi: (i) kenaikan harga sarana produksi; (ii) fluktuasi harga gabah; (iii) gagal panen; (iv) adanya beras impor; (v) kompleksitas birokrasi lembaga keuangan; (vi) terbukanya peluang kerja di luar sektor pertanian.
Asian journal of agriculture and development, 2014
Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic development of Indonesia. In Bali province, ... more Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic development of Indonesia. In Bali province, the government has been implementing agricultural development programs through subaks, which are customary communities that manage the traditional irrigation system. However, subaks now face some problems due to low farmers' income from paddy farming. This paper describes the social capital performance of the subak system and attempts to identify ways to strengthen the social capital for agricultural development. The study selected the subak of Guama as its site because the government implemented a pilot project on agribusiness development in this subak in 2002. Key informants and samples were drawn during the survey and observation for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods. Results showed that social capital within the subak system consisted of mutual trust, social norms, and social networking. The three elements run simultaneously for the agricultural, irrig...
Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development
Indonesia is one of the biggest coffee producers in the world. However, farmers’ incomes are stil... more Indonesia is one of the biggest coffee producers in the world. However, farmers’ incomes are still relatively small due to low productivity, poor quality, and low price, as well as limited access to information, technology, and market. This study aims to describe the effect of inclusive business on coffee development in Bali, based on the Flores experience. The results of the study pointed out that the experience of inclusive business on coffee development in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province might also be implemented in Bali. The business model established should include the coffee farmers/farmers’ cooperative, coffee buyer/exporter, bank, government, research institution, and independent actors. Among the market actors, they should have mutualism partnership in order to obtain economic incentives. This could ensure the sustainability of inclusive business on coffee development.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, Mar 10, 2018
This study aims to identify and analyze the farmers' perception of the climate variability and th... more This study aims to identify and analyze the farmers' perception of the climate variability and the impacts of the climate variability, identify and analyze the vulnerability and the income of the farmers due to the climate variability, identify and analyze the farmer strategy in anticipating and adapting the climate variability and recommending the adaptation mechanism based on engineering, institutional, technological, social, economic, and cultural organizations to the farmer in responding to the climate variability. Most of the farmers know and understand the climate change information from the television. Farmers mostly feel this climate change through the increase in temperature and the number of dry days. The impact of the climate change affects the livelihood of the farmers, not a few farmers suffered the losses due to the decreased in productivity. To reduce the decrease in income, the farmers increase the use of input, thus affecting the income of the farmers. The results of a comparison of the farmers between 2009 and 2015, there is an increase in productivity and revenue, but this increase is lower than the increased costs incurred by the farmers. This resulted in lower revenues of the farmers in 2015 than in 2009. There are 3 kinds of the strategies which is undertaken by the farmers: economic, ecological and social adaptation. For the economic adaptation, the expectations of the farmers to the capital assets are higher than the actual condition. Ideally, the highest ideal expected by the farmers is physical capital, while the lowest is social capital. Meanwhile, for the ecological adaptation, the community seeks to improve the irrigation channel, replace commodities and utilize the appropriate technology. As for the social adaptation, farmers are expecting the help from the government. The policy implications from this research are: 1) the farmer in Jatiluwih are mostly aware of climate change, some strategies have been implemented by the farmers to maintain their income that affected by the climate change such as to work in the city or become a tour guide in their area. Based on the analysis of the sustainable livelihood, the farmers' expectation of physical capital such as electricity, water, irrigation, and roads are relatively high compared to the other capital. Because of the cost of supply is high, the provision of the physical capital is not easy, the government intervention is needed. Therefore, the farmers are expecting the government to be able to improve the condition of these facilities, especially for the irrigation. Irrigation plays an important role in farming. 2) The social capital of the farmers is high, the farmers have a good relationship with the government, indigenous people, and farmer groups. Therefore, in addition to providing the physical assistance, the government can also conduct the guidance and socialization on reducing the impact of the climate change through farmer or cultural group.
Rice is the main food ingredient of the people of Indonesia. Rice is used primarily to be process... more Rice is the main food ingredient of the people of Indonesia. Rice is used primarily to be processed into rice, and a variety of other foods. Every day, households need rice for consumption. This is what makes the velocity of money in the business of rice is very fast. Rice itself has various types and levels of quality. Every kind of rice certainly has a different price. Thus, each consumer determines the kind of rice to be consumed. In Tabanan regency, agriculture is a very potential field, so it is included in the category of excellent potentials, especially food crops such as rice. Since 2013, the Government of Tabanan Regency has planned agricultural programs that implement organic farming systems on paddy fields. Everyone needs rice because this product is the staple food of the people, especially Indonesian citizens from the start of small children, adolescents, until the parents need rice as the main ingredient of him every day. Therefore the tremendous business opportunity o...
In the future, the challenge of subak is how to establish subak with its local wisdom in order to... more In the future, the challenge of subak is how to establish subak with its local wisdom in order to adapt economics forces of the members in line with the agricultural and rural development programs. Economic-oriented activity is urgently needed to face globalization and thus increase the farmers' income and anticipate the uncontrolled ricefield conversion. There are some regulations that should be considered and made by government together with local parliament regarding the sustainabililty of agricultural development, particularly on ricefield farming. Among other things as follows: (i) establishment of local enterprises for buying farmers' product; (ii) provision of agricultural insurance; (iii) provision of agricultural credit; (iv) strengthening subak as a legal aspects; dan (v) establishment of sustainable ricefield. These should be integratedly done as one system.
Pembangunan pariwisata di Bali menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang signifikan terhadap pembangunan ekono... more Pembangunan pariwisata di Bali menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang signifikan terhadap pembangunan ekonomi Bali. Sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu pendukung pengembangan pariwisata, meskipun terdampak dampak yang kurang menguntungkan bagi pembangunan pertanian, misalnya adanya alih fungsi lahan sawah. Sinergi pembangunan pariwisata dan pertanian dilakukan dengan mengembangkan agrowisata dan juga ekowisata. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui intensitas interaksi penyuluh pertanian berkenaan dengan prilaku petani terhadap pengembangan ekowisata, dan mengetahui hubungan antara intensitas interaksi dengan pengetahuan dan sikap petani. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Subak Sembung, Kecamatan Denpasar Utara, Kota Denpasar yang dipilih secara purposif. Jumlah sampel yang diambil adalah 50 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ratarata tingkat intensitas interaksi antara penyuluh pertanian dengan petani anggota subak berada pada kategori sedang. Sikap petani terhadap pengembangan ekowisata di subak adalah tergolong setuju. Sedangkan rata-rata pencapaian skor pengetahuan petani mengenai pengembangan ekowisata adalah tergolong tinggi dnegan skor 78,80 % dari skor maksimal. Dengan menggunakan analisis chi square, terdapat hubungan yang nyata antara variabel tingkat intensitas interaksi penyuluh dan petani dengan variabel sikap dan pengetahuan petani di Subak Sembung mengenai pengembangan ekowisata. Diperlukan adanya upaya-upaya pemberdayaan petani yang partisipatif agar mereka memiliki kemampuan untuk menyediakan layanan wisata yang lebih baik kepada para pengunjung, seperti aspek kenyamanan dan kebersihan serta penyediaan produk-produk pertanian yang dihasilkan oleh petani di Subak Sembung.
This paper introduces some ritual activities performed by individual farmer within subak system. ... more This paper introduces some ritual activities performed by individual farmer within subak system. Subak is farmers managed irrigation system which has an irrigation water source irrigated to certain compound of rice fields and hasa particular temple. The ritual ceremony is a part of important thing of Tri Hita Karana (THK) implementation, namelyparhyangan aspect presenting the harmonious relationship between farmer and the God. The other components of THK are pawongan (the harmonious relationship among subak’s members) through the implementation of subak’s regulation ( awig-awig ); and palemahan presenting the harmonious relationship between farmer and environment through the rice field terrace maintenance. There are 16 activities of ritual ceremonies individually performed by farmer as subak’s member starting from the ritual of fetching irrigation water until the post-harvest ritual ceremony. A side from this, thereare also ritual ceremonies conducted by the all members at the subak...
Urbanisasi telah berkembang pesat ke kota-kota, seperti Denpasar, Gianyar, TabA¤nan dan Singaraja... more Urbanisasi telah berkembang pesat ke kota-kota, seperti Denpasar, Gianyar, TabA¤nan dan Singaraja. Di sisi lain, kesempatan kerja di kota-kota yang dikutip belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan orang-orang yang urbanisasi, sehingga membawa mereka menjadi pengemis. Penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa alasan menjadi pengemis, yaitu faktor jntema / dan ekstemal. Faktor-faktor ini bisa secara parsial dan saling mempengaruhi pengemis.Faktor intemal terdiri dari (i) kemiskinan; (ii) umur; (iii) pendidikan fomal; (iv) permittansi orang tua mereka; (v) keterampilan hidup rendah; dan (YD) Sementara itu, extema / faktornya adalah (i) kondisi hidrologi; (ii) kondisi pertanian yang buruk; (ili) infrastruktur yang buruk; (iv) terbatasnya akses terhadap informasi dan modal; dan (v) pennisiveness masyarakat kota; dan (vi) lemahnya penanganan.Solusi altenative harus memperhatikan secara menyeluruh dua aspek, yaitu kondisi desa dan kota tujuan. Prinsipnya adalah solusinya harus bisa melindun...
Rural Development - Education, Sustainability, Multifunctionality, 2022
Presently, agricultural sector has great role in supporting and accelerating economic development... more Presently, agricultural sector has great role in supporting and accelerating economic development in the developing countries. Development of agriculture is always related to the rural development since it is an integral part to rural economic development. Therefore, the agricultural and rural development should be designed to increase the productivity of land, crops, and human resources in order to improve the welfare of rural village. The implementation of agricultural and rural development should be done by involving the rural institutions. Several problems have still found in the agricultural and rural development that should be properly managed by considering various aspects. In Bali Province, the implementation of agricultural and rural development can be conducted to develop tourism, industry, environment, and other economic activities. The agro-tourism, agro-industry, integrated farming system (system of crops and livestock) and village-owned enterprises could be developed a...
Rice farming is very important to provide food for the population in the country. The increased r... more Rice farming is very important to provide food for the population in the country. The increased rice productivity in Indonesia has been done since 1968 through the green revolution program. However, this program has brought the negative impacts for the physical environment which contributes to decreased productivity. Therefore, the effort to sustain the agricultural development should be taken by the government by applying sustainable agricultural technologies. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation sustainable agricultural technologies, particularly on rice farming in Bali Province, Indonesia. The results of study pointed out that the sustainable agricultural technologies in rice farming could be done by implementing SRI, organic farming, and integrated pest management. These have an important role to ensure the increased productivity of rice. Besides, these could also support the economic activities in the upstream to the downstream sectors. It is recommended ...
Land (rice field) conversion has increased over the year at the national and provincial levels. T... more Land (rice field) conversion has increased over the year at the national and provincial levels. This might threaten the government's program for achieving food security. In order to cope with this situation, the central government of Indonesia has issued the Law 41/2009 about the sustainable food farmland protection. However, this could not be implemented yet in the provinces, including in Bali. Its impact is the increased rice field conversion and uncertainty of food security program and might influence the existence of subak as a traditional irrigation system in Bali. This study is aimed to describe the subak system in rice farming development, understand the perception of farmers toward the Law, and to describe the effort which should be done by the government to achieve the effectiveness of the Law. Location of study is in Denpasar city as the capital of Bali province. Data collected by using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Descriptive method is fully e...
Visi pembangunan pertanian di Indonesia adalah terwujudnya masyarakat yang sejahtera khususnya pe... more Visi pembangunan pertanian di Indonesia adalah terwujudnya masyarakat yang sejahtera khususnya petani melalui pembangunan sistem agribisnis, dan usaha-usaha agribisnis yang berdaya saing, berkerakyatan, berkelanjutan dan desentralistis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, dan Threats atau SWOT) pada Subak Padangbulia di dalam pengembangannya ke arah agribisnis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor kekuatan Subak Padangbulia meliputi: (i) awig-awig; (ii) pertemuan-pertemuan rutin; (iii) iuran-iuran rutin; (iv) usaha simpan pinjam di subak; (v) usahatani yang terpola; (vi) terbentuknya Koperasi Tani Swakarsa; (vii) nilai religi; dan (vii) sikap petani. Sedangkan faktor kelemahannya meliputi: (i) penguasaan lahan sawah yang relatif sempit; (ii) status sebagai penyakap; (iii) terbatasnya permodalan; (iv) terbatasnya keterampilan manajemen administrasi; (v) rendahnya pengetahuan; (vi) tidak dimilikinya tempat penyimpanan gabah. Beberapa peluang adalah: (i) prasarana dan sarana transportasi yang relatif balk; (ii) tersedianya pasar; (iii) peningkatan program pemerintah di sektor pertanian; (iv) tersedianya lembaga keuangan; dan (v) adanya pengusaha-pengusaha yang bergerak dalam perpadian. Sedangkan faktor ancaman meliputi: (i) kenaikan harga sarana produksi; (ii) fluktuasi harga gabah; (iii) gagal panen; (iv) adanya beras impor; (v) kompleksitas birokrasi lembaga keuangan; (vi) terbukanya peluang kerja di luar sektor pertanian.
Asian journal of agriculture and development, 2014
Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic development of Indonesia. In Bali province, ... more Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic development of Indonesia. In Bali province, the government has been implementing agricultural development programs through subaks, which are customary communities that manage the traditional irrigation system. However, subaks now face some problems due to low farmers' income from paddy farming. This paper describes the social capital performance of the subak system and attempts to identify ways to strengthen the social capital for agricultural development. The study selected the subak of Guama as its site because the government implemented a pilot project on agribusiness development in this subak in 2002. Key informants and samples were drawn during the survey and observation for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods. Results showed that social capital within the subak system consisted of mutual trust, social norms, and social networking. The three elements run simultaneously for the agricultural, irrig...
Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development
Indonesia is one of the biggest coffee producers in the world. However, farmers’ incomes are stil... more Indonesia is one of the biggest coffee producers in the world. However, farmers’ incomes are still relatively small due to low productivity, poor quality, and low price, as well as limited access to information, technology, and market. This study aims to describe the effect of inclusive business on coffee development in Bali, based on the Flores experience. The results of the study pointed out that the experience of inclusive business on coffee development in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province might also be implemented in Bali. The business model established should include the coffee farmers/farmers’ cooperative, coffee buyer/exporter, bank, government, research institution, and independent actors. Among the market actors, they should have mutualism partnership in order to obtain economic incentives. This could ensure the sustainability of inclusive business on coffee development.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, Mar 10, 2018
This study aims to identify and analyze the farmers' perception of the climate variability and th... more This study aims to identify and analyze the farmers' perception of the climate variability and the impacts of the climate variability, identify and analyze the vulnerability and the income of the farmers due to the climate variability, identify and analyze the farmer strategy in anticipating and adapting the climate variability and recommending the adaptation mechanism based on engineering, institutional, technological, social, economic, and cultural organizations to the farmer in responding to the climate variability. Most of the farmers know and understand the climate change information from the television. Farmers mostly feel this climate change through the increase in temperature and the number of dry days. The impact of the climate change affects the livelihood of the farmers, not a few farmers suffered the losses due to the decreased in productivity. To reduce the decrease in income, the farmers increase the use of input, thus affecting the income of the farmers. The results of a comparison of the farmers between 2009 and 2015, there is an increase in productivity and revenue, but this increase is lower than the increased costs incurred by the farmers. This resulted in lower revenues of the farmers in 2015 than in 2009. There are 3 kinds of the strategies which is undertaken by the farmers: economic, ecological and social adaptation. For the economic adaptation, the expectations of the farmers to the capital assets are higher than the actual condition. Ideally, the highest ideal expected by the farmers is physical capital, while the lowest is social capital. Meanwhile, for the ecological adaptation, the community seeks to improve the irrigation channel, replace commodities and utilize the appropriate technology. As for the social adaptation, farmers are expecting the help from the government. The policy implications from this research are: 1) the farmer in Jatiluwih are mostly aware of climate change, some strategies have been implemented by the farmers to maintain their income that affected by the climate change such as to work in the city or become a tour guide in their area. Based on the analysis of the sustainable livelihood, the farmers' expectation of physical capital such as electricity, water, irrigation, and roads are relatively high compared to the other capital. Because of the cost of supply is high, the provision of the physical capital is not easy, the government intervention is needed. Therefore, the farmers are expecting the government to be able to improve the condition of these facilities, especially for the irrigation. Irrigation plays an important role in farming. 2) The social capital of the farmers is high, the farmers have a good relationship with the government, indigenous people, and farmer groups. Therefore, in addition to providing the physical assistance, the government can also conduct the guidance and socialization on reducing the impact of the climate change through farmer or cultural group.
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