Objective: To assess the breast feeding practices by mothers in neonatal units.Material and Metho... more Objective: To assess the breast feeding practices by mothers in neonatal units.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from January 2012 to December 2012. One hundred mother–neonate (preterm and full-term) units were selected. Positionsof the mother and baby; baby’s responses; emotional bonding; anatomy and effective suckling were observed and recorded. The information on parity, breast problems, baby’s age, gender and gestational age was also obtained and analysed for frequency counts.Results: In Primiparas Position(64% vs. 38.5%),Response(50% vs. 15%),Bonding(50% vs. 22%),Anatomy(23% vs. 3%)and suckling(59% vs. 22%)were poorer as compared to multiparas. Mothers with breast lesions had Poorer Position (90% vs. 39%), Response (80% vs. 17%), Bonding (70% vs. 24%) and suckling (90% vs. 13%) as compared to motherswith normal breasts. There was no statistically significant association between the age of the babies ...
Objectives: To determine the frequency of feeding practices among infants presenting with acute d... more Objectives: To determine the frequency of feeding practices among infants presenting with acute diarrhea. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from October 2019 to March 2020 in the Paediatric OutPatient Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Infants with acute diarrhea were included in the study after meeting the inclusion criteria. Sampling was done by consecutive (non-probability) sampling. Sample size was 141 by using WHO sample size calculator. data was statistically analyzed using SPSS v23. Results: Out of 141 infants who presented with acute diarrhea in our study, 26(18.4%) were exclusively breastfed, 79(56%) were partially breastfed, while 36(25.5%) were non breastfed. Out of 141, 80(56.7%) were male and 61(43.3%) were female, with frequency of exclusive breastfeeding in males being 17.5% and in females being 19.7%. The mean age of the infant presenting with diarrhea was 3.25 months, while the mean age of the mother in the study was found to be 26.4 years. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 7.7% in working mothers compared to 19.5% in housewives. Conclusion: The most common feeding practice among infants presenting with acute diarrhea is partial breastfeeding which is not as effective as exclusive breastfeeding in preventing and reducing morbidity from diarrheal diseases.
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Objective: Objective: Objective: Objective: Objective: To evaluate the... more ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Objective: Objective: Objective: Objective: Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of rapid malaria test by antigen method in reference to the conventional Light Microscopy. Material and Methods: Material and Methods: Material and Methods: Material and Methods: Material and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at a Private Health Clinic in Tehsil Bara, Khyber Agency, FATA Pakistan, from May 2011 to November 2011. Ninety Eight malaria suspected children less than age 15 years attending the Private Clinic during the study period were included and screened for malaria infection using ICT and slide microscopy. Results: Results: Results: Results: ICT yielded a very high sensitivity (96.1%) and Specificity (95.7%) for Malaria. The false positive rates and False negative rates were also very low, being 4.3% and 3.9% respectively. Conclusion: Conclusion: Conclusion: Conclusion: ICT carries a very high diagnostic yield and can be safely ...
Objective: To study the frequency of Computerized Tomography (CT) brain findings in children with... more Objective: To study the frequency of Computerized Tomography (CT) brain findings in children with tuberculousmeningitis.Material and Methods: This descriptive study was carried in Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from June 2014 toMay 2016. Forty-four children with tuberculous meningitis admitted in children A unit had their CT scan done and thefindings were compared.Results: Forty-four children were included in this study. Meningeal enhancement was found in 35(81.4%) of CT scans.Ventricular dilatation in 32 (74.4%) cases and frank hydrocephalus in (27.9%) cases. Infarcts were found in 10(23.3%)cases. Tuberculoma in 4(9.3%) cases.Conclusion: Meningeal enhancement followed by ventricular dilatation and hydrocephalus were the common findingswhich can be used for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM).
Objective: To describe the association of frequency of visits and glycosylated hemoglobin on glyc... more Objective: To describe the association of frequency of visits and glycosylated hemoglobin on glycemic control ofchildren attending pediatric diabetic clinic of a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 43 patients with type 1 diabetes followed at thepediatric diabetic clinic of Khyber Teaching Hospital,Peshawar, Pakistan from january 2015 to december 2017.Results: The number of patient enrolled were 43 (24 males and 19 females) with age range of 06 months to 15 years.The initial mean HbA1c of the patients was 10.25±2.7 SD and the final was a mean of 9.5±2.5 SD. 18 patients hadimproved glycemic control. The patients with regular follow up visits were 35 times more likely to have better glycemiccontrol (OR 1.07) as compared to the ones with worsened glycemic control and irregular visits. The patients withHbA1c testing 3 times were 51 times more likely to have a better glycemic control(OR=1.4,CI=2.2-3.2) as comparedto worsened glycemic ...
Objective: To determine the frequency of types and subtypes of leukaemia in newly diagnosed patie... more Objective: To determine the frequency of types and subtypes of leukaemia in newly diagnosed patients admitted inthe department of child health of a Tertiary Care Hospital.Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted in the Department of Child Health,Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan, from June 2016 to December 2017. A total of 50 newly diagnosed casesof acute leukaemia (subtypes of ALL and AML) were selected through non randomised convenient sampling. Patientsless than 15 years with clinical features suggestive of Acute Leukaemia were included while patients more than 15years and under treatment chemotherapy/ radiotherapy were excluded. Common clinical features were noted alongwith hematological parameters.Results: Thirty one were male and 15 were female children who presented with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and04% patients were of acute myeloid leukaemia with two patients male and 2 female. Ninty two percent cases presentedwith acute ly...
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Objectives: To find out the organisms and their sensitivity to antibio... more ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Objectives: To find out the organisms and their sensitivity to antibiotics involved in urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Results: Urine of 126 children; age 1 year to 15 years were analyzed. Sixty (45%) children were culture positive; 24(19%) were male and 36(26%) were female. 66(52%) children were culture negative; 43(34%) males and 23(18%) females. E-coli was found in 11(18.33%) males and 21(35%) females, citrobacter 2(3.33%) in males and 12(20%) in females, enterobactericae 9(15%) in males, proteus 1(1.66%) in males and 2(3.33%) in females, pseudomonas 2(3.33%) in males and 1(1.66%) in females, salmonella 1(1.66%) in males and none in females.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical teaching activities in pediatric depa... more Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical teaching activities in pediatric department of Khyber teaching hospital by finding the prevailing and preferred teaching methods for year 05 MBBS students. Material and methods: This cross-sectional survey about teaching methods using a validated questionnaire was conducted in the Department of Child Health Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. The survey was conducted including all the year 05 MBBS medical students who completed their pediatric rotation. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied using SPSS 20. Results: In pediatric department of Khyber Teaching Hospital 200 students of year 05 MBBS completed their 4 weeks of clinical rotation. Bed side teaching was reported to be most frequently used for psychomotor domain i.e. history taking (43.1%), systemic examinations (47.4%) and procedural skill (35%) while 95% of the students preferred direct observation of their skill performance followed by a debriefing session. Regarding affective domain counselling (66.4%) and breaking bad news (3.5%) was taught by didactic method (48.9%) while students preferred role modelling (21.9%) along with lectures (27%). Conclusion: Considering the responses given by students they preferred to be actively involved during patient encounters and given feedback during their year 05 MBBS.
Results: 209 infants and children with ventricular septal defect were enrolled. 146 (69.9%) were ... more Results: 209 infants and children with ventricular septal defect were enrolled. 146 (69.9%) were males and 63 (30.1%) females. Minimum age of the patient was 0.9 years and maximum age was 8.5 years. Feeding difficulty was found in 90% of patients, dyspnea in 59.8% of patients, repeated chest infection was seen in 49.8%, failure to thrive in 69.9%, tachycardia in 83.3%, displaced apex beat in 59.8%, cardiomegaly in 90%, hepatomegaly in 43.1%, VSD murmur in all 100% of patients and edema was observed in 56.5% and tachypnea in 40.7% of patients with majority of patients presenting with combination of more than three clinical features.
Objective: To assess the breast feeding practices by mothers in neonatal units.Material and Metho... more Objective: To assess the breast feeding practices by mothers in neonatal units.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from January 2012 to December 2012. One hundred mother–neonate (preterm and full-term) units were selected. Positionsof the mother and baby; baby’s responses; emotional bonding; anatomy and effective suckling were observed and recorded. The information on parity, breast problems, baby’s age, gender and gestational age was also obtained and analysed for frequency counts.Results: In Primiparas Position(64% vs. 38.5%),Response(50% vs. 15%),Bonding(50% vs. 22%),Anatomy(23% vs. 3%)and suckling(59% vs. 22%)were poorer as compared to multiparas. Mothers with breast lesions had Poorer Position (90% vs. 39%), Response (80% vs. 17%), Bonding (70% vs. 24%) and suckling (90% vs. 13%) as compared to motherswith normal breasts. There was no statistically significant association between the age of the babies ...
Objectives: To determine the frequency of feeding practices among infants presenting with acute d... more Objectives: To determine the frequency of feeding practices among infants presenting with acute diarrhea. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from October 2019 to March 2020 in the Paediatric OutPatient Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Infants with acute diarrhea were included in the study after meeting the inclusion criteria. Sampling was done by consecutive (non-probability) sampling. Sample size was 141 by using WHO sample size calculator. data was statistically analyzed using SPSS v23. Results: Out of 141 infants who presented with acute diarrhea in our study, 26(18.4%) were exclusively breastfed, 79(56%) were partially breastfed, while 36(25.5%) were non breastfed. Out of 141, 80(56.7%) were male and 61(43.3%) were female, with frequency of exclusive breastfeeding in males being 17.5% and in females being 19.7%. The mean age of the infant presenting with diarrhea was 3.25 months, while the mean age of the mother in the study was found to be 26.4 years. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 7.7% in working mothers compared to 19.5% in housewives. Conclusion: The most common feeding practice among infants presenting with acute diarrhea is partial breastfeeding which is not as effective as exclusive breastfeeding in preventing and reducing morbidity from diarrheal diseases.
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Objective: Objective: Objective: Objective: Objective: To evaluate the... more ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Objective: Objective: Objective: Objective: Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of rapid malaria test by antigen method in reference to the conventional Light Microscopy. Material and Methods: Material and Methods: Material and Methods: Material and Methods: Material and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at a Private Health Clinic in Tehsil Bara, Khyber Agency, FATA Pakistan, from May 2011 to November 2011. Ninety Eight malaria suspected children less than age 15 years attending the Private Clinic during the study period were included and screened for malaria infection using ICT and slide microscopy. Results: Results: Results: Results: ICT yielded a very high sensitivity (96.1%) and Specificity (95.7%) for Malaria. The false positive rates and False negative rates were also very low, being 4.3% and 3.9% respectively. Conclusion: Conclusion: Conclusion: Conclusion: ICT carries a very high diagnostic yield and can be safely ...
Objective: To study the frequency of Computerized Tomography (CT) brain findings in children with... more Objective: To study the frequency of Computerized Tomography (CT) brain findings in children with tuberculousmeningitis.Material and Methods: This descriptive study was carried in Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from June 2014 toMay 2016. Forty-four children with tuberculous meningitis admitted in children A unit had their CT scan done and thefindings were compared.Results: Forty-four children were included in this study. Meningeal enhancement was found in 35(81.4%) of CT scans.Ventricular dilatation in 32 (74.4%) cases and frank hydrocephalus in (27.9%) cases. Infarcts were found in 10(23.3%)cases. Tuberculoma in 4(9.3%) cases.Conclusion: Meningeal enhancement followed by ventricular dilatation and hydrocephalus were the common findingswhich can be used for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM).
Objective: To describe the association of frequency of visits and glycosylated hemoglobin on glyc... more Objective: To describe the association of frequency of visits and glycosylated hemoglobin on glycemic control ofchildren attending pediatric diabetic clinic of a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 43 patients with type 1 diabetes followed at thepediatric diabetic clinic of Khyber Teaching Hospital,Peshawar, Pakistan from january 2015 to december 2017.Results: The number of patient enrolled were 43 (24 males and 19 females) with age range of 06 months to 15 years.The initial mean HbA1c of the patients was 10.25±2.7 SD and the final was a mean of 9.5±2.5 SD. 18 patients hadimproved glycemic control. The patients with regular follow up visits were 35 times more likely to have better glycemiccontrol (OR 1.07) as compared to the ones with worsened glycemic control and irregular visits. The patients withHbA1c testing 3 times were 51 times more likely to have a better glycemic control(OR=1.4,CI=2.2-3.2) as comparedto worsened glycemic ...
Objective: To determine the frequency of types and subtypes of leukaemia in newly diagnosed patie... more Objective: To determine the frequency of types and subtypes of leukaemia in newly diagnosed patients admitted inthe department of child health of a Tertiary Care Hospital.Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted in the Department of Child Health,Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan, from June 2016 to December 2017. A total of 50 newly diagnosed casesof acute leukaemia (subtypes of ALL and AML) were selected through non randomised convenient sampling. Patientsless than 15 years with clinical features suggestive of Acute Leukaemia were included while patients more than 15years and under treatment chemotherapy/ radiotherapy were excluded. Common clinical features were noted alongwith hematological parameters.Results: Thirty one were male and 15 were female children who presented with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and04% patients were of acute myeloid leukaemia with two patients male and 2 female. Ninty two percent cases presentedwith acute ly...
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Objectives: To find out the organisms and their sensitivity to antibio... more ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Objectives: To find out the organisms and their sensitivity to antibiotics involved in urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Results: Urine of 126 children; age 1 year to 15 years were analyzed. Sixty (45%) children were culture positive; 24(19%) were male and 36(26%) were female. 66(52%) children were culture negative; 43(34%) males and 23(18%) females. E-coli was found in 11(18.33%) males and 21(35%) females, citrobacter 2(3.33%) in males and 12(20%) in females, enterobactericae 9(15%) in males, proteus 1(1.66%) in males and 2(3.33%) in females, pseudomonas 2(3.33%) in males and 1(1.66%) in females, salmonella 1(1.66%) in males and none in females.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical teaching activities in pediatric depa... more Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical teaching activities in pediatric department of Khyber teaching hospital by finding the prevailing and preferred teaching methods for year 05 MBBS students. Material and methods: This cross-sectional survey about teaching methods using a validated questionnaire was conducted in the Department of Child Health Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. The survey was conducted including all the year 05 MBBS medical students who completed their pediatric rotation. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied using SPSS 20. Results: In pediatric department of Khyber Teaching Hospital 200 students of year 05 MBBS completed their 4 weeks of clinical rotation. Bed side teaching was reported to be most frequently used for psychomotor domain i.e. history taking (43.1%), systemic examinations (47.4%) and procedural skill (35%) while 95% of the students preferred direct observation of their skill performance followed by a debriefing session. Regarding affective domain counselling (66.4%) and breaking bad news (3.5%) was taught by didactic method (48.9%) while students preferred role modelling (21.9%) along with lectures (27%). Conclusion: Considering the responses given by students they preferred to be actively involved during patient encounters and given feedback during their year 05 MBBS.
Results: 209 infants and children with ventricular septal defect were enrolled. 146 (69.9%) were ... more Results: 209 infants and children with ventricular septal defect were enrolled. 146 (69.9%) were males and 63 (30.1%) females. Minimum age of the patient was 0.9 years and maximum age was 8.5 years. Feeding difficulty was found in 90% of patients, dyspnea in 59.8% of patients, repeated chest infection was seen in 49.8%, failure to thrive in 69.9%, tachycardia in 83.3%, displaced apex beat in 59.8%, cardiomegaly in 90%, hepatomegaly in 43.1%, VSD murmur in all 100% of patients and edema was observed in 56.5% and tachypnea in 40.7% of patients with majority of patients presenting with combination of more than three clinical features.
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