Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is one of fiber crops which produced fiber as raw materials of rope shi... more Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is one of fiber crops which produced fiber as raw materials of rope ships and high quality papers. Improvement of abaca new varieties needs sufficient genetic materials so the expected new varieties can be produced. Abaca is normally multiplied clonally, so abaca has narrow genetic diversity. To increase genetic diversity of abaca, the chemical mutation by ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) was done. ISFCRI has completed chemical mutation on abaca accessions Sangihe I and Tangongon. Twenty six abaca mutants were planted in Cobanrondo experimental station in Malang, at 1,450 m above sea level. Each mutant genotype was planted in a clump, with three meter spacing between clumps. Based on morphological character studies, chemical mutation of abaca Sangihe I and Tangongon clones using 0.6% EMS increased the variability of stalk number character (CV 91%). All quantitative characters observed have positive and significant correlation to weight of dry leaves sheats as indicator of fibre production character. Meanwhile, the qualitative characters diversity was not raised by chemical mutation. Eight mutant clones indicated superiority and potential to be improved as high yield clones of abaca i.e. Clone 3:
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management
Jet-1 Agribun is one of the Indonesian Jatropha new varieties suitable for rainfed areas with a h... more Jet-1 Agribun is one of the Indonesian Jatropha new varieties suitable for rainfed areas with a high yield of dry seed and oil content. The field trial was conducted at Asembagus Experimental Station in Situbondo, East Java from February to December 2019 and aimed to observe the potential of Jatropha Jet-1 Agribun under rainfed conditions. Observation on seed yield and growth components of Jatropha plantation was also made in two and three years old Jet-1 Agribun. Results of the observation showed that Jet-1 Agribun in the first year produced seed 471.8 kg/ha. A two-year-old plant produced a dry seed of 3,958.7 kg/ha. Three-year-old plants after pruning produced dry seed 910.95 kg/ha and 916.04 kg/ha at 1 m x 1 m and 2 m x 2 m, respectively, indicating that wider spacing is more allowable for cropping with food crops until the canopy closes. Development of Jatropha should be integrated with food crops or other crops through intercropping systems, by using the land around the plants...
One of the strong candidates for biodiesel is Crude Coconut Oil (CCO) but its high viscosity cann... more One of the strong candidates for biodiesel is Crude Coconut Oil (CCO) but its high viscosity cannot be applied directly without treatment. Therefore, nanocarbon is added to reduce the viscosity of CCO. Nanocarbon is a natural material with semiconductor properties, a good heat conductor, and can attract other molecules. By adding nanocarbon, it is expected to reduce the viscosity of CCO. This study aimed to determine the combustion characteristics of droplets on CCO by adding nanocarbon by 1% and 5%. The method used was a true experiment with droplets, which dripped on the thermocouple with activation energy from the heater. The results showed that CCO burned 0.933s with a droplet diameter of 4.307mm, droplet diameter of 5.472 mm. By adding 5% nanocarbon to CCO, the CCO burned faster, more reactive, and the ignition was shorter than the pure CCO and 1% CCO.
Purwati RD, Herwati A. 2016. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative morphological characters ... more Purwati RD, Herwati A. 2016. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative morphological characters of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) germplasm. Biodiversitas 17: 461-465. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germplasm collection in ISFCRI was characterized aiming to distinguish the morphological characters of each genotype. Based on that information it would be possible to observe the diversity and to choose appropriate parent genotypes for successful hybridization. The investigation was carried out in the Pasirian Experimental Station, Lumajang District, East Java, Indonesia located at 110 m above the sea level (113° E, 8° S) in the 2015 growing season. Thirty-three germplasm accessions were characterized. Each accession was planted in 32 m² plot size with four lines. Fertilizer dose was 75 kg Nitrogen + 30 kg P2O5 + 30 kg K2O per ha. The results showed that the low variation value in some quantitative characters such as seed size, weight of 100 seeds, seeds thickness, plant height, le...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Jatropha production is still low, thereforedevelopment of high-yielding varieties by hybridizatio... more Jatropha production is still low, thereforedevelopment of high-yielding varieties by hybridization is needed This study aimed to determine heterosis and heterobeltiosis in jatropha and estimate the mode of gene action. The hybridizations were carried out between two improved population and one provenance, well known as high yield genotypes as female parents, and 18 provenances indicating high oil content as male parentsat Karangploso Experimental Station, Malang, East Java in 2010. In 2011, F1 seeds were planted in Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo, East Java and then were selected with criteria high fruit number and seed yield. The selected F1, were clonally multiplied using stem cutting and were planted in 2012 for evaluation purposes. The results showed that theheterosis and heterobeltiosis values from hybrid jatrophawere varied. The crossing between HS49 X SP65, HS49 X SP54, HS49 X SP103, IP3P X SP7, IP3A X SP65 and IP3A X Sp 89 demonstrated high significant positive het...
The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate responses against F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense (F... more The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate responses against F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) infection of abaca variants regenerated using four different methods, (ii) to determine initial root length and plant height effects on survival of inoculated abaca variants, and (iii) to identify Foc resistance abaca variants. In the previous experiment, four abaca variant lines were regenerated from (i) embryogenic calli (TC line), (ii) ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS) treated embryogenic calli (EMS line), (iii) EMS treated embryogenic calli, followed by in vitro selection on Foc culture filtrate (EMS+CF line), and (iv) EMS treated embryogenic calli, followed by in vitro selection on fusaric acid (EMS+FA line). All abaca variants were grown in a glasshouse and inoculated with Banyuwangi isolate of Foc (Foc Bw). Initial root length (RL) and plant height (PH) of the abaca variants were recorded before inoculation, while scores of plant damage (SPD), and their survival were recorded at 60 days after inoculation (DAI). The results showed that the initial RL and PH did not affect survival of the tested abaca variants. Regardless of their initial RL and PH, susceptible abaca variants died before 60 DAI while resistance ones still survived. Abaca variants regenerated from single clump of embryogenic callus showed an array of responses against Foc Bw infection, indicating the existence of a mix cells population. The Foc Bw resistance abaca variants were successfully identified from four tested abaca variant lines, although with different frequencies. However, more Foc Bw resistance abaca plants were identified from EMS+CF line than the others. Using the developed procedures, 8 resistance abaca plants were identified from abaca cv. Tangongon and 12 from abaca cv. Sangihe-1.
Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is an important industrial crop. However, the cultivation of this crop ... more Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is an important industrial crop. However, the cultivation of this crop in Indonesia is hampered by Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) as a result of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) infection. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate inhibitory effects of culture filtrates (CF) of three Foc isolates (Banyuwangi, Malang, and Bojonegoro isolates) on shoot growth of abaca cv. Tangongon and Sangihe-1, (ii) determine sublethal concentration of Foc CF, (iii) isolate variant cells/tissues which are insensitive against Foc CF and regenerate plantlets from the variants, and (iv) evaluate responses of the plantlets against Foc infection. The results of the experiment showed that even though CF of all Foc isolates inhibited abaca's shoot growth, CF of Foc Banyuwangi isolate showed the most inhibitory effect. Sublethal concentration of CF of Foc Banyuwangi isolate was 40%. From abaca cv. Tangongon, 326 shoots were regenerated from CF insensitive embryogenic calli while from Sangihe-1-176 shoots were regenerated. Following acclimatization and Foc inoculation using detached-leaf dual culture test, a total of four immune, two resistant, and two moderately resistant plantlets were identified out of 45 tested variants of Tangongon. On the other hand, only two resistant and one moderately resistant plantlets were identified out of 10 tested variants of Sangihe-1.
THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GENETIC RESOURCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Harnessing Technology for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 2022
Characterization of castor (Ricinus communis L.) germplasm on plant architecture and yield trait ... more Characterization of castor (Ricinus communis L.) germplasm on plant architecture and yield trait is important for breeding program of dwarf variety with high yield, suitable for mechanical harvesting. This study aimed to conduct complete characterization of castor germplasm on plant stature and seed and oil yield trait. The materials used in this study were 29 castor accessions. The accessions were planted and observed for plant architecture and yield traits. The results showed that the germplasm collections had variation on plant height, i.e. normal, semidwarf, and dwarf, with internode length on the main stem ranged from 3.79 to 9.64 cm and number of branches from 3 to 15. The length of fruit raceme of main stem varied from 21 to 95 cm and the seed weight per raceme ranged from 6.85 to 124.83 g. Oil content ranged from 24.23 to 50.37%. There were positive correlation between (p-value = 0.05) the yield trait and its component. However, only fruit number per raceme that had direct effect. Castor accessions 18A and 70B had characters dwarf, low number of branch, long fruit raceme, high seed yield, and oil content. These accessions could be utilized as genetic material potential for new castor plant variety suitable for mechanical harvesting.
Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is an important industrial crop. Its cultivation in Indonesia is, howev... more Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is an important industrial crop. Its cultivation in Indonesia is, however, hampered by the wilt (Panama disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) infections. Developing Foc resistance abaca lines require availability of established and reliable screening methods for resistance against Foc. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the (i) effectiveness of Foc inoculation methods, (ii) extent of Foc conidial densities – for causing the wilt in abaca, and (iii) responses of ten abaca cultivars against Foc infection. Results of this study showed that the method of inoculation by wounding abaca roots followed submerging the wounded plant in suspension of Foc conidia (106 conidia/ml) for 2 hours before planting was the most effective method for causing the wilt. Among ten abaca cultivars tested, none was resistant to Foc infection. Based on the calculation of disease intensity, nine abaca cultivars were identified as very susceptible, where a...
Potato (Solanum tuberosum, L) is an important crop for food consumption and biomass which is susc... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum, L) is an important crop for food consumption and biomass which is susceptible to several pests and diseases, including root-knot nematodes {Meloidogyne spp.) Root knot nematodes are serious pests of food crop and horticultural plants in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. In order to apply molecular approaches to confer resistance to root-knot nematodes to new potato varieties, it is necessary to have optimum conditions for tissue culture and transformation. A major aim of the work reputed was to establish such conditions for potato varieties grown in Western Australia. In this work, a shoot regeneration system for potato cvs. Delaware, Desiree, Kennebec, and Russet Burbank has been studied using tissue culture in vitro. Different explants (stem segments and leaf pieces) were cultured on two different callus induction and shoot regeneration media of different hormone composition. Results from this work showed that medium M1 (callus induction me...
This expeiment was aimed to study response of fives kenfa accession to shoot regeneration and to ... more This expeiment was aimed to study response of fives kenfa accession to shoot regeneration and to establish an appropriate regeneration protocol for kenaf. Theexpeimentwasperformed at Tissue Culture Laboratory Research Institute for Tobacco and Fibre Crops (RITFC), Malang. from June to Octo¬ ber 1997 Cotyledons with plumules attached were used as explanls and culture medium for callus induction was MS-based medium with BAP (2 mg/1) and NAA (0 5 mg/1). Calli produced in this cultures were transferred into MS-based medium containing BAP (2 mg/1) and GA.i (5 mg/1) for shoot initiation. All shoots obtained were then sub-cultured in MS-based medium without regulators (MSO) for root formation. Rooted shoots (plantlets) were acclimatized in the sterile sand and transferred mto sterile soil in the glass house. Results of this experiment showed that the most responsive accessions were Cuba 108/1. followed by KK 60, He 48. PI 324922. and CHN/ 056 H with the average number of shoots per explant...
Abstract—Jatropha curcas L. is one of the crops producing non edible oil which is potential for b... more Abstract—Jatropha curcas L. is one of the crops producing non edible oil which is potential for bio-energy. Jatropha cultivation and development program in Indonesia is facing several problems especially low seed yield resulting in inefficient crop cultivation cost. To cope with the problem, development of high yielding varieties is necessary. Development of varieties to improve seed yield was conducted by hybridization and selection, and resulted in 14 potential genotypes. The yield potential of the 14 genotypes were evaluated and compared with two check varieties. The objective of the evaluation was to find Jatropha hybrids with some characters i.e. productivity higher than check varieties, oil content > 40% and harvesting age ≤ 110 days. Hybridization and individual plant selection were carried out from 2010 to 2014. Evaluation of high yield was conducted in Asembagus experimental station, Situbondo, East Java in three years (2015-2017). The experimental designed was Randomize...
Plant propagation through tissue culture technique is required to support physic nut cultivation ... more Plant propagation through tissue culture technique is required to support physic nut cultivation in a broad scale. Some experiments has been conducted since 2006 to find out an efficient technology of invitro propagation of Jatropha, comprised of callus formation and shoot regeneration from different explants source and media composition. This experiment was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre Crops Research Institute, from June to October 2007. The objective of this experiment was to obtain the optimum media composition for invitro root formation of physic nut. The research consisted of 2 activities i.e. (1) root formation in MS based medium supplemented with NAA, Calsium Pantothenate, and Rhizattun F which was combined with active charcoal; (2) Effect of consentration of MS based medium on root formation. Results of the experiment showed that Calsium Pantothenate or Rhizattun F increase an efficiency of root formation on invitro shoots of Jatropha ...
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri, 2020
Minyak non pangan seperti minyak biji kemiri sunan berpeluang digunakan sebagai bahan baku biodie... more Minyak non pangan seperti minyak biji kemiri sunan berpeluang digunakan sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Masalah yang muncul dalam pembuatan biodiesel adalah reaksi transesterifikasi tanpa katalis berlangsung sangat lambat sehingga dikhawatirkan reaksinya tidak stabil, serta kebutuhan input energi yang sangat tinggi menjadikan tidak layak teknis. Oleh karena itu, untuk mempercepat reaksi transesterifikasi diperlukan katalis. Penggunaan KOH 1% dan NaOH 0,75% sebagai katalis pada proses transesterifikasi dapat mempercepat reaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik biodiesel dari minyak biji kemiri sunan, campuran dari beberapa aksesi, yang dihasilkan dengan katalis NaOH 0,75% dan KOH 1 % dibandingkan dengan SNI 04-7182-2015 tentang Biodiesel. Metode pembuatan biodiesel yang digunakan meliputi tahapan degumming, transesterifikasi, separasi dan pencucian. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, Malang pada bulan Agustus-Desember 2019. Biodiesel kemiri sunan menggunakan katalis NaOH 0,75% memiliki nilai kadar air 0,03%, densitas 0,89 (g/cm 3), angka asam 0,38 mg/KOH/g, angka iod 42,67, viskositas kinematik pada suhu 40 °C 5,45 °C, dan titik nyala 173 °C. Biodiesel dengan penambahan katalis NaOH 0,75% menghasilkan mutu lebih baik dari penambahan katalis KOH 1%. Biodiesel dengan katalis NaOH 0,75% sudah memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2015 tentang Biodiesel pada parameter mutu yang diukur (kadar air, densitas, angka asam, angka iod, viskositas kinematik, dan titik nyala). Parameter lain dalam SNI 04-7182-2015 yang belum dilaporkan dalam penelitian ini perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk biodiesel minyak kemiri sunan menggunakan katalis NaOH 0,75%. Kata kunci: biodiesel, metil ester, kemiri sunan, katalis basa Characteristics of Toxic-Candlenut Biodiesel with NaOH and KOH Catalysts ABSTRACT Non-food oils, such as toxic-candlenut seed oil, have the opportunity to be used as raw material for biodiesel. The problem that arises in biodiesel process is the slowly transesterification reaction, when without a catalyst will cause unstable reaction, need very high energy inputs, so that makes it technically unfeasible. Therefore, a catalyst is needed to accelerate the transesterification reaction. The use of 1% KOH and 0.75% NaOH in the transesterification process can accelerate the reaction. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of biodiesel from toxic candlenut oil, a mixture of several accessions of the toxic candlenuts, which was produced with 1% KOH and 0.75% NaOH catalyst. The results were then compared to the characteristics of those determined in SNI 04-7182-2015 of Biodiesel. The method in producing biodiesel included the stages of degumming, transesterification, separation and washing. The experiment was conducted in Phytochemical Laboratory of ISFCRI in August to December 2019. Toxic candlenut biodiesel using 0.75% NaOH catalyst has a value of moisture content (0.03%), density (0.89 g/cm 3), acid number (0.38 mg/ KOH/g), iodine number (42.67), kinematic viscosity at temperature 40°C (5.45°C), and flash point (173°C). Biodiesel quality with 0.75% NaOH is better than that of 1% KOH catalyst. Biodiesel with 0.75% NaOH Garusti et al. : Karakteristik Biodiesel Kemiri Sunan dengan Katalis NaOH dan KOH 79 catalyst has achieved the requirement of the SNI 04-7182-2015 on Biodiesel on almost all parameters (i.e., water content, density, acid number, iodine number, kinematic viscosity, and flash point). Other parameters in SNI 04-7182-2015 that have not been reported in this study need further research on biodiesel of toxic candlenut oil using 0.75% NaOH catalyst. Toxic candlenut biodiesel is expected to be used for biofuel.
ABSTRAKMutasi in vitro dengan perlakuan mutagen dapat digunakan untukmeningkatkan keragaman genet... more ABSTRAKMutasi in vitro dengan perlakuan mutagen dapat digunakan untukmeningkatkan keragaman genetika abaka melalui keragaman somaklonal.Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk: (1) menentukan konsentrasioptimum EMS untuk induksi keragaman somaklonal dalam kultur kalusembriogen abaka, (2) meregenerasikan bibit abaka varian dari kalusembriogen yang diberi perlakuan EMS, dan (3) mengevaluasi tipe danfrekuensi keragaman karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif di antara populasitanaman mutan abaka yang diperoleh dari regenerasi kalus embriogenyang diberi perlakuan EMS. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Agustus2003 sampai Agustus 2006 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan KebunPercobaan Karangploso, Malang pada Balai Penelitian TanamanTembakau dan Serat, Malang (Balittas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa 0,6% EMS merupakan konsentrasi optimum karena padakonsentrasi tersebut diperoleh keragaman somaklonal paling banyak.Varian yang diperoleh menunjukkan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatifabnor...
ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to obtain genetic relationshipamong 13 Jatropha curcas... more ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to obtain genetic relationshipamong 13 Jatropha curcas L. accession plants based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA marker. This experiment used 13 accessionsof J. curcas L. potential to have higher seed productivity, including HS-49,SP-16, SP-38, SP-8, SM-33, SP-34, SM-35, IP-1A, IP-1M, IP-1P, IP-2A,IP-2M, and IP-2P. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performedusing 10 selected primers of RAPD markers (OPA 2, OPA 9, OPA 13,OPA 15, OPA 18, OPA 19, OPA 20, OPF 8, OPF 10, and OPF 15). PCRproduct was used to determine genetic distance which implemented Un-weighted Pair-Group Method With Arithmetic (UPGMA) procedure andconstructed phylogeny trees using Numerical Taxonomy and MultivariateSystem (NTSYS) software version 1.8. The confidence level of UPGMAwas then tested by Boostrap using WinBoot program. Ten primers used inthis research were able to be applied in genomic DNA of J. curcas L. plantwhich had resulted about four (OPA 19) to ten band...
ABSTRAKKendala utama dalam budidaya tanaman abaka (Musa textilis Nee.)adalah penyakit layu Fusari... more ABSTRAKKendala utama dalam budidaya tanaman abaka (Musa textilis Nee.)adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporumf.sp cubense (Foc). Upaya perbaikan sifat ketahanan tanaman abakamelalui persilangan sulit dilakukan karena keragaman genetiknya sempitakibat pola perbanyakan secara vegetatif yang terus-menerus.Transformasi gen ketahanan β-1,3-Glucanase merupakan salah satualternatif untuk memperbaiki sifat ketahanan tanaman dengan bantuanvektor Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Gen -1,3-Glucanase diisolasi darijamur endofit Trichoderma asperillum yang diketahui antagonis terhadapFusarium oxisporum. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengintroduksi gen β-1,3 Glucanase pada tanaman abaka, sebagai tahap awal untuk memperolehtanaman abaka tahan terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Fakultas Pertanian, Univer-sitas Brawijaya dan Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat, mulai Juni 2007 sampai de...
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri, 2018
Agave (Agave sisalana Perrine) merupakan tanaman penghasil serat alam. Pengembangan agave terkend... more Agave (Agave sisalana Perrine) merupakan tanaman penghasil serat alam. Pengembangan agave terkendala penyediaan bahan tanam bermutu. Teknik kultur jaringan dapat menghasilkan benih agave dalam jumlah banyak dengan kualitas yang seragam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan komposisi media terbaik dalam induksi tunas dan akar lima genotipe agave pada kultur in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balittas dari bulan Juli 2015 sampai Juni 2016. Sumber eksplan adalah tunas aseptik agave genotipe Balittas 10, Balittas 12, Balittas 13, Balittas 14, dan H-11648 dari kultur in vitro. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial (dua faktor, tiga ulangan). Faktor I adalah komposisi media dan faktor II adalah genotipe. Komposisi media induksi tunas: M1 (MS + BAP 0,5 mg/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l); M2 (MS + BAP 1 mg/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l), dan M3 (MS + BAP 1,5 mg/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l). Komposisi media perakaran: M1 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l); M2 (MS + arang ...
Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is one of fiber crops which produced fiber as raw materials of rope shi... more Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is one of fiber crops which produced fiber as raw materials of rope ships and high quality papers. Improvement of abaca new varieties needs sufficient genetic materials so the expected new varieties can be produced. Abaca is normally multiplied clonally, so abaca has narrow genetic diversity. To increase genetic diversity of abaca, the chemical mutation by ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) was done. ISFCRI has completed chemical mutation on abaca accessions Sangihe I and Tangongon. Twenty six abaca mutants were planted in Cobanrondo experimental station in Malang, at 1,450 m above sea level. Each mutant genotype was planted in a clump, with three meter spacing between clumps. Based on morphological character studies, chemical mutation of abaca Sangihe I and Tangongon clones using 0.6% EMS increased the variability of stalk number character (CV 91%). All quantitative characters observed have positive and significant correlation to weight of dry leaves sheats as indicator of fibre production character. Meanwhile, the qualitative characters diversity was not raised by chemical mutation. Eight mutant clones indicated superiority and potential to be improved as high yield clones of abaca i.e. Clone 3:
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management
Jet-1 Agribun is one of the Indonesian Jatropha new varieties suitable for rainfed areas with a h... more Jet-1 Agribun is one of the Indonesian Jatropha new varieties suitable for rainfed areas with a high yield of dry seed and oil content. The field trial was conducted at Asembagus Experimental Station in Situbondo, East Java from February to December 2019 and aimed to observe the potential of Jatropha Jet-1 Agribun under rainfed conditions. Observation on seed yield and growth components of Jatropha plantation was also made in two and three years old Jet-1 Agribun. Results of the observation showed that Jet-1 Agribun in the first year produced seed 471.8 kg/ha. A two-year-old plant produced a dry seed of 3,958.7 kg/ha. Three-year-old plants after pruning produced dry seed 910.95 kg/ha and 916.04 kg/ha at 1 m x 1 m and 2 m x 2 m, respectively, indicating that wider spacing is more allowable for cropping with food crops until the canopy closes. Development of Jatropha should be integrated with food crops or other crops through intercropping systems, by using the land around the plants...
One of the strong candidates for biodiesel is Crude Coconut Oil (CCO) but its high viscosity cann... more One of the strong candidates for biodiesel is Crude Coconut Oil (CCO) but its high viscosity cannot be applied directly without treatment. Therefore, nanocarbon is added to reduce the viscosity of CCO. Nanocarbon is a natural material with semiconductor properties, a good heat conductor, and can attract other molecules. By adding nanocarbon, it is expected to reduce the viscosity of CCO. This study aimed to determine the combustion characteristics of droplets on CCO by adding nanocarbon by 1% and 5%. The method used was a true experiment with droplets, which dripped on the thermocouple with activation energy from the heater. The results showed that CCO burned 0.933s with a droplet diameter of 4.307mm, droplet diameter of 5.472 mm. By adding 5% nanocarbon to CCO, the CCO burned faster, more reactive, and the ignition was shorter than the pure CCO and 1% CCO.
Purwati RD, Herwati A. 2016. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative morphological characters ... more Purwati RD, Herwati A. 2016. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative morphological characters of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) germplasm. Biodiversitas 17: 461-465. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germplasm collection in ISFCRI was characterized aiming to distinguish the morphological characters of each genotype. Based on that information it would be possible to observe the diversity and to choose appropriate parent genotypes for successful hybridization. The investigation was carried out in the Pasirian Experimental Station, Lumajang District, East Java, Indonesia located at 110 m above the sea level (113° E, 8° S) in the 2015 growing season. Thirty-three germplasm accessions were characterized. Each accession was planted in 32 m² plot size with four lines. Fertilizer dose was 75 kg Nitrogen + 30 kg P2O5 + 30 kg K2O per ha. The results showed that the low variation value in some quantitative characters such as seed size, weight of 100 seeds, seeds thickness, plant height, le...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Jatropha production is still low, thereforedevelopment of high-yielding varieties by hybridizatio... more Jatropha production is still low, thereforedevelopment of high-yielding varieties by hybridization is needed This study aimed to determine heterosis and heterobeltiosis in jatropha and estimate the mode of gene action. The hybridizations were carried out between two improved population and one provenance, well known as high yield genotypes as female parents, and 18 provenances indicating high oil content as male parentsat Karangploso Experimental Station, Malang, East Java in 2010. In 2011, F1 seeds were planted in Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo, East Java and then were selected with criteria high fruit number and seed yield. The selected F1, were clonally multiplied using stem cutting and were planted in 2012 for evaluation purposes. The results showed that theheterosis and heterobeltiosis values from hybrid jatrophawere varied. The crossing between HS49 X SP65, HS49 X SP54, HS49 X SP103, IP3P X SP7, IP3A X SP65 and IP3A X Sp 89 demonstrated high significant positive het...
The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate responses against F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense (F... more The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate responses against F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) infection of abaca variants regenerated using four different methods, (ii) to determine initial root length and plant height effects on survival of inoculated abaca variants, and (iii) to identify Foc resistance abaca variants. In the previous experiment, four abaca variant lines were regenerated from (i) embryogenic calli (TC line), (ii) ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS) treated embryogenic calli (EMS line), (iii) EMS treated embryogenic calli, followed by in vitro selection on Foc culture filtrate (EMS+CF line), and (iv) EMS treated embryogenic calli, followed by in vitro selection on fusaric acid (EMS+FA line). All abaca variants were grown in a glasshouse and inoculated with Banyuwangi isolate of Foc (Foc Bw). Initial root length (RL) and plant height (PH) of the abaca variants were recorded before inoculation, while scores of plant damage (SPD), and their survival were recorded at 60 days after inoculation (DAI). The results showed that the initial RL and PH did not affect survival of the tested abaca variants. Regardless of their initial RL and PH, susceptible abaca variants died before 60 DAI while resistance ones still survived. Abaca variants regenerated from single clump of embryogenic callus showed an array of responses against Foc Bw infection, indicating the existence of a mix cells population. The Foc Bw resistance abaca variants were successfully identified from four tested abaca variant lines, although with different frequencies. However, more Foc Bw resistance abaca plants were identified from EMS+CF line than the others. Using the developed procedures, 8 resistance abaca plants were identified from abaca cv. Tangongon and 12 from abaca cv. Sangihe-1.
Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is an important industrial crop. However, the cultivation of this crop ... more Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is an important industrial crop. However, the cultivation of this crop in Indonesia is hampered by Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) as a result of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) infection. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate inhibitory effects of culture filtrates (CF) of three Foc isolates (Banyuwangi, Malang, and Bojonegoro isolates) on shoot growth of abaca cv. Tangongon and Sangihe-1, (ii) determine sublethal concentration of Foc CF, (iii) isolate variant cells/tissues which are insensitive against Foc CF and regenerate plantlets from the variants, and (iv) evaluate responses of the plantlets against Foc infection. The results of the experiment showed that even though CF of all Foc isolates inhibited abaca's shoot growth, CF of Foc Banyuwangi isolate showed the most inhibitory effect. Sublethal concentration of CF of Foc Banyuwangi isolate was 40%. From abaca cv. Tangongon, 326 shoots were regenerated from CF insensitive embryogenic calli while from Sangihe-1-176 shoots were regenerated. Following acclimatization and Foc inoculation using detached-leaf dual culture test, a total of four immune, two resistant, and two moderately resistant plantlets were identified out of 45 tested variants of Tangongon. On the other hand, only two resistant and one moderately resistant plantlets were identified out of 10 tested variants of Sangihe-1.
THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GENETIC RESOURCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Harnessing Technology for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 2022
Characterization of castor (Ricinus communis L.) germplasm on plant architecture and yield trait ... more Characterization of castor (Ricinus communis L.) germplasm on plant architecture and yield trait is important for breeding program of dwarf variety with high yield, suitable for mechanical harvesting. This study aimed to conduct complete characterization of castor germplasm on plant stature and seed and oil yield trait. The materials used in this study were 29 castor accessions. The accessions were planted and observed for plant architecture and yield traits. The results showed that the germplasm collections had variation on plant height, i.e. normal, semidwarf, and dwarf, with internode length on the main stem ranged from 3.79 to 9.64 cm and number of branches from 3 to 15. The length of fruit raceme of main stem varied from 21 to 95 cm and the seed weight per raceme ranged from 6.85 to 124.83 g. Oil content ranged from 24.23 to 50.37%. There were positive correlation between (p-value = 0.05) the yield trait and its component. However, only fruit number per raceme that had direct effect. Castor accessions 18A and 70B had characters dwarf, low number of branch, long fruit raceme, high seed yield, and oil content. These accessions could be utilized as genetic material potential for new castor plant variety suitable for mechanical harvesting.
Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is an important industrial crop. Its cultivation in Indonesia is, howev... more Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is an important industrial crop. Its cultivation in Indonesia is, however, hampered by the wilt (Panama disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) infections. Developing Foc resistance abaca lines require availability of established and reliable screening methods for resistance against Foc. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the (i) effectiveness of Foc inoculation methods, (ii) extent of Foc conidial densities – for causing the wilt in abaca, and (iii) responses of ten abaca cultivars against Foc infection. Results of this study showed that the method of inoculation by wounding abaca roots followed submerging the wounded plant in suspension of Foc conidia (106 conidia/ml) for 2 hours before planting was the most effective method for causing the wilt. Among ten abaca cultivars tested, none was resistant to Foc infection. Based on the calculation of disease intensity, nine abaca cultivars were identified as very susceptible, where a...
Potato (Solanum tuberosum, L) is an important crop for food consumption and biomass which is susc... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum, L) is an important crop for food consumption and biomass which is susceptible to several pests and diseases, including root-knot nematodes {Meloidogyne spp.) Root knot nematodes are serious pests of food crop and horticultural plants in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. In order to apply molecular approaches to confer resistance to root-knot nematodes to new potato varieties, it is necessary to have optimum conditions for tissue culture and transformation. A major aim of the work reputed was to establish such conditions for potato varieties grown in Western Australia. In this work, a shoot regeneration system for potato cvs. Delaware, Desiree, Kennebec, and Russet Burbank has been studied using tissue culture in vitro. Different explants (stem segments and leaf pieces) were cultured on two different callus induction and shoot regeneration media of different hormone composition. Results from this work showed that medium M1 (callus induction me...
This expeiment was aimed to study response of fives kenfa accession to shoot regeneration and to ... more This expeiment was aimed to study response of fives kenfa accession to shoot regeneration and to establish an appropriate regeneration protocol for kenaf. Theexpeimentwasperformed at Tissue Culture Laboratory Research Institute for Tobacco and Fibre Crops (RITFC), Malang. from June to Octo¬ ber 1997 Cotyledons with plumules attached were used as explanls and culture medium for callus induction was MS-based medium with BAP (2 mg/1) and NAA (0 5 mg/1). Calli produced in this cultures were transferred into MS-based medium containing BAP (2 mg/1) and GA.i (5 mg/1) for shoot initiation. All shoots obtained were then sub-cultured in MS-based medium without regulators (MSO) for root formation. Rooted shoots (plantlets) were acclimatized in the sterile sand and transferred mto sterile soil in the glass house. Results of this experiment showed that the most responsive accessions were Cuba 108/1. followed by KK 60, He 48. PI 324922. and CHN/ 056 H with the average number of shoots per explant...
Abstract—Jatropha curcas L. is one of the crops producing non edible oil which is potential for b... more Abstract—Jatropha curcas L. is one of the crops producing non edible oil which is potential for bio-energy. Jatropha cultivation and development program in Indonesia is facing several problems especially low seed yield resulting in inefficient crop cultivation cost. To cope with the problem, development of high yielding varieties is necessary. Development of varieties to improve seed yield was conducted by hybridization and selection, and resulted in 14 potential genotypes. The yield potential of the 14 genotypes were evaluated and compared with two check varieties. The objective of the evaluation was to find Jatropha hybrids with some characters i.e. productivity higher than check varieties, oil content > 40% and harvesting age ≤ 110 days. Hybridization and individual plant selection were carried out from 2010 to 2014. Evaluation of high yield was conducted in Asembagus experimental station, Situbondo, East Java in three years (2015-2017). The experimental designed was Randomize...
Plant propagation through tissue culture technique is required to support physic nut cultivation ... more Plant propagation through tissue culture technique is required to support physic nut cultivation in a broad scale. Some experiments has been conducted since 2006 to find out an efficient technology of invitro propagation of Jatropha, comprised of callus formation and shoot regeneration from different explants source and media composition. This experiment was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre Crops Research Institute, from June to October 2007. The objective of this experiment was to obtain the optimum media composition for invitro root formation of physic nut. The research consisted of 2 activities i.e. (1) root formation in MS based medium supplemented with NAA, Calsium Pantothenate, and Rhizattun F which was combined with active charcoal; (2) Effect of consentration of MS based medium on root formation. Results of the experiment showed that Calsium Pantothenate or Rhizattun F increase an efficiency of root formation on invitro shoots of Jatropha ...
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri, 2020
Minyak non pangan seperti minyak biji kemiri sunan berpeluang digunakan sebagai bahan baku biodie... more Minyak non pangan seperti minyak biji kemiri sunan berpeluang digunakan sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Masalah yang muncul dalam pembuatan biodiesel adalah reaksi transesterifikasi tanpa katalis berlangsung sangat lambat sehingga dikhawatirkan reaksinya tidak stabil, serta kebutuhan input energi yang sangat tinggi menjadikan tidak layak teknis. Oleh karena itu, untuk mempercepat reaksi transesterifikasi diperlukan katalis. Penggunaan KOH 1% dan NaOH 0,75% sebagai katalis pada proses transesterifikasi dapat mempercepat reaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik biodiesel dari minyak biji kemiri sunan, campuran dari beberapa aksesi, yang dihasilkan dengan katalis NaOH 0,75% dan KOH 1 % dibandingkan dengan SNI 04-7182-2015 tentang Biodiesel. Metode pembuatan biodiesel yang digunakan meliputi tahapan degumming, transesterifikasi, separasi dan pencucian. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, Malang pada bulan Agustus-Desember 2019. Biodiesel kemiri sunan menggunakan katalis NaOH 0,75% memiliki nilai kadar air 0,03%, densitas 0,89 (g/cm 3), angka asam 0,38 mg/KOH/g, angka iod 42,67, viskositas kinematik pada suhu 40 °C 5,45 °C, dan titik nyala 173 °C. Biodiesel dengan penambahan katalis NaOH 0,75% menghasilkan mutu lebih baik dari penambahan katalis KOH 1%. Biodiesel dengan katalis NaOH 0,75% sudah memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2015 tentang Biodiesel pada parameter mutu yang diukur (kadar air, densitas, angka asam, angka iod, viskositas kinematik, dan titik nyala). Parameter lain dalam SNI 04-7182-2015 yang belum dilaporkan dalam penelitian ini perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk biodiesel minyak kemiri sunan menggunakan katalis NaOH 0,75%. Kata kunci: biodiesel, metil ester, kemiri sunan, katalis basa Characteristics of Toxic-Candlenut Biodiesel with NaOH and KOH Catalysts ABSTRACT Non-food oils, such as toxic-candlenut seed oil, have the opportunity to be used as raw material for biodiesel. The problem that arises in biodiesel process is the slowly transesterification reaction, when without a catalyst will cause unstable reaction, need very high energy inputs, so that makes it technically unfeasible. Therefore, a catalyst is needed to accelerate the transesterification reaction. The use of 1% KOH and 0.75% NaOH in the transesterification process can accelerate the reaction. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of biodiesel from toxic candlenut oil, a mixture of several accessions of the toxic candlenuts, which was produced with 1% KOH and 0.75% NaOH catalyst. The results were then compared to the characteristics of those determined in SNI 04-7182-2015 of Biodiesel. The method in producing biodiesel included the stages of degumming, transesterification, separation and washing. The experiment was conducted in Phytochemical Laboratory of ISFCRI in August to December 2019. Toxic candlenut biodiesel using 0.75% NaOH catalyst has a value of moisture content (0.03%), density (0.89 g/cm 3), acid number (0.38 mg/ KOH/g), iodine number (42.67), kinematic viscosity at temperature 40°C (5.45°C), and flash point (173°C). Biodiesel quality with 0.75% NaOH is better than that of 1% KOH catalyst. Biodiesel with 0.75% NaOH Garusti et al. : Karakteristik Biodiesel Kemiri Sunan dengan Katalis NaOH dan KOH 79 catalyst has achieved the requirement of the SNI 04-7182-2015 on Biodiesel on almost all parameters (i.e., water content, density, acid number, iodine number, kinematic viscosity, and flash point). Other parameters in SNI 04-7182-2015 that have not been reported in this study need further research on biodiesel of toxic candlenut oil using 0.75% NaOH catalyst. Toxic candlenut biodiesel is expected to be used for biofuel.
ABSTRAKMutasi in vitro dengan perlakuan mutagen dapat digunakan untukmeningkatkan keragaman genet... more ABSTRAKMutasi in vitro dengan perlakuan mutagen dapat digunakan untukmeningkatkan keragaman genetika abaka melalui keragaman somaklonal.Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk: (1) menentukan konsentrasioptimum EMS untuk induksi keragaman somaklonal dalam kultur kalusembriogen abaka, (2) meregenerasikan bibit abaka varian dari kalusembriogen yang diberi perlakuan EMS, dan (3) mengevaluasi tipe danfrekuensi keragaman karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif di antara populasitanaman mutan abaka yang diperoleh dari regenerasi kalus embriogenyang diberi perlakuan EMS. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Agustus2003 sampai Agustus 2006 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan KebunPercobaan Karangploso, Malang pada Balai Penelitian TanamanTembakau dan Serat, Malang (Balittas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa 0,6% EMS merupakan konsentrasi optimum karena padakonsentrasi tersebut diperoleh keragaman somaklonal paling banyak.Varian yang diperoleh menunjukkan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatifabnor...
ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to obtain genetic relationshipamong 13 Jatropha curcas... more ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to obtain genetic relationshipamong 13 Jatropha curcas L. accession plants based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA marker. This experiment used 13 accessionsof J. curcas L. potential to have higher seed productivity, including HS-49,SP-16, SP-38, SP-8, SM-33, SP-34, SM-35, IP-1A, IP-1M, IP-1P, IP-2A,IP-2M, and IP-2P. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performedusing 10 selected primers of RAPD markers (OPA 2, OPA 9, OPA 13,OPA 15, OPA 18, OPA 19, OPA 20, OPF 8, OPF 10, and OPF 15). PCRproduct was used to determine genetic distance which implemented Un-weighted Pair-Group Method With Arithmetic (UPGMA) procedure andconstructed phylogeny trees using Numerical Taxonomy and MultivariateSystem (NTSYS) software version 1.8. The confidence level of UPGMAwas then tested by Boostrap using WinBoot program. Ten primers used inthis research were able to be applied in genomic DNA of J. curcas L. plantwhich had resulted about four (OPA 19) to ten band...
ABSTRAKKendala utama dalam budidaya tanaman abaka (Musa textilis Nee.)adalah penyakit layu Fusari... more ABSTRAKKendala utama dalam budidaya tanaman abaka (Musa textilis Nee.)adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporumf.sp cubense (Foc). Upaya perbaikan sifat ketahanan tanaman abakamelalui persilangan sulit dilakukan karena keragaman genetiknya sempitakibat pola perbanyakan secara vegetatif yang terus-menerus.Transformasi gen ketahanan β-1,3-Glucanase merupakan salah satualternatif untuk memperbaiki sifat ketahanan tanaman dengan bantuanvektor Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Gen -1,3-Glucanase diisolasi darijamur endofit Trichoderma asperillum yang diketahui antagonis terhadapFusarium oxisporum. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengintroduksi gen β-1,3 Glucanase pada tanaman abaka, sebagai tahap awal untuk memperolehtanaman abaka tahan terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Fakultas Pertanian, Univer-sitas Brawijaya dan Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat, mulai Juni 2007 sampai de...
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri, 2018
Agave (Agave sisalana Perrine) merupakan tanaman penghasil serat alam. Pengembangan agave terkend... more Agave (Agave sisalana Perrine) merupakan tanaman penghasil serat alam. Pengembangan agave terkendala penyediaan bahan tanam bermutu. Teknik kultur jaringan dapat menghasilkan benih agave dalam jumlah banyak dengan kualitas yang seragam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan komposisi media terbaik dalam induksi tunas dan akar lima genotipe agave pada kultur in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balittas dari bulan Juli 2015 sampai Juni 2016. Sumber eksplan adalah tunas aseptik agave genotipe Balittas 10, Balittas 12, Balittas 13, Balittas 14, dan H-11648 dari kultur in vitro. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial (dua faktor, tiga ulangan). Faktor I adalah komposisi media dan faktor II adalah genotipe. Komposisi media induksi tunas: M1 (MS + BAP 0,5 mg/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l); M2 (MS + BAP 1 mg/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l), dan M3 (MS + BAP 1,5 mg/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l). Komposisi media perakaran: M1 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l); M2 (MS + arang ...
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