Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. We conducted a gen... more Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) followed by replication in a combined total of 10,503 PACG cases and 29,567 controls drawn from 24 countries across Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. We observed significant evidence of disease association at five new genetic loci upon meta-analysis of all patient collections. These loci are at EPDR1 rs3816415 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, P = 5.94 × 10(-15)), CHAT rs1258267 (OR = 1.22, P = 2.85 × 10(-16)), GLIS3 rs736893 (OR = 1.18, P = 1.43 × 10(-14)), FERMT2 rs7494379 (OR = 1.14, P = 3.43 × 10(-11)), and DPM2-FAM102A rs3739821 (OR = 1.15, P = 8.32 × 10(-12)). We also confirmed significant association at three previously described loci (P…
The passage of heavy ions in a track detector polymeric material produces lattice deformations. T... more The passage of heavy ions in a track detector polymeric material produces lattice deformations. These deformations may be in the form of latent tracks or may vanish by self annealing in time. Heavy ion irradiation produces modifications in polymers in their relevant electrical, chemical and optical properties in the form of rearrangement of bonding, cross-linking, chain scission, formation of carbon rich clusters and changes in dielectric properties etc. Modification depends on the ion, its energy and fluence and the polymeric material. In the present work, a study of the dielectric response of pristine and heavy ion irradiated Makrofol-KG polycarbonate is carried out. 40 μm thick Makrofol-KG polycarbonate films were irradiated to various fluences with Si 8+ ions of 100 MeV energy from Pelletron at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi and Ne 6+ ions of 145 MeV from Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata. On irradiation with heavy ions dielectric constant ( ) decreases with frequency where increases with fluence for both the ions. Variation of loss factor (tan ) with frequency for pristine and irradiated with Si ions reveals that tan increases as the frequency increases. Tan also increases with fluence. While Ne irradiated samples tan shows slight variation with frequency as well as with fluence. Tan has positive values indicating the dominance of inductive behavior.
2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2010
... Digital Image Process-ing and Analysis. Prentiece Hall of India, New Delhi, 2005. [3] K. Fran... more ... Digital Image Process-ing and Analysis. Prentiece Hall of India, New Delhi, 2005. [3] K. Franke and M. Koppen. A computer-based system to support forensic studies on handwritten documents. Pattern Recognition, 33(1):133148, 2000. [4] RA Huber and AM Headrick. ...
Acylation of 5-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo [4,3-d) pyrimidin-7-one... more Acylation of 5-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo [4,3-d) pyrimidin-7-one 1 with chloroacetylchloride in the presence of anyhydrous aluminium chloride affords 5-[(5chloroacetyl-2-ethoxy)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo [4,3-d] pyrimidin-7-one 2. The compound 2 condensed with various β-diketones/β-ketoesters compound, to obtain new β-diketones/ β-ketoesters 4a-i treated with ethylenediamine (EDA) gives 1H-1,4-diazepines. The compounds 5a-i has been screened for antimicrobial, antifungal and anthelmintic activities.
We analyse the problem of impedance for a diffusion controlled charge transfer process across an ... more We analyse the problem of impedance for a diffusion controlled charge transfer process across an irregular interface. These interfacial irregularities are characterized as two class of random fractals: (i) a statistically isotropic self-affine fractals and (ii) a statistically corrugated self-affine fractals. The information about the realistic fractal surface roughness has been introduced through the bandlimited power-law power spectrum over limited wave numbers. The details of power spectrum of such roughness can be characterized in term of four fractal morphological parameters, viz. fractal dimension (D H ), lower ( ), and upper (L) cut-off length scales of fractality, and the proportionality factor (µ) of power spectrum. Theoretical results are analysed for the impedance of such rough electrode as well as the effect of statistical symmetries of roughness. Impedance response for irregular interface is simplified through expansion over intermediate frequencies. This intermediate frequency expansion with sufficient number of terms offers a good approximation over all frequency regimes. The Nyquist plots of impedance show the strong dependency mainly on three surface morphological parameters i.e. D H , and µ. We can say that our theoretical results also provide an alternative explanation for the exponent in intermediate frequency power-law form.
Abstract : In the present study measurement of radon and its progeny concentration has been under... more Abstract : In the present study measurement of radon and its progeny concentration has been undertaken in the buildings constructed in the surroundings of National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC). LR-115 Type-II solid state nuclear track detectors fixed on a thick flat ...
Molecular and cellular endocrinology, Jan 14, 2010
The role of the newly discovered estrogen receptor GPR30 in islet physiology and pathophysiology ... more The role of the newly discovered estrogen receptor GPR30 in islet physiology and pathophysiology is unclear. We examined GPR30 expression in relation to hormone secretion and possible anti-apoptotic effects in isolated mouse islets using the synthetic GPR30 ligand G-1. The mRNA and protein expression of GPR30 was analyzed by qPCR, Western blot and confocal microscopy. Hormone secretion and cAMP content were determined with RIA and apoptosis in islet cells with the Annexin-V method. GPR30 mRNA and protein expression was markedly higher in islets from females compared to male. This gender difference was not found for the genomic estrogen receptors ER alpha and ER beta, the ER alpha expression being 10-fold higher than ER beta in both genders. Confocal microscopy revealed abounden GPR30 expression in insulin, glucagon and somatostatin cells. Dose-response studies of G-1 vs 17beta-estradiol in isolated islets at 1 or 12 mM glucose showed an almost identical pattern in that both compound...
Studies suggest that the experiences of unmarried young women seeking abortion in India differ fr... more Studies suggest that the experiences of unmarried young women seeking abortion in India differ from those of their married counterparts, but the evidence is limited. Research was undertaken among nulliparous young women aged 15-24 who had abortions at the clinics of a leading NGO in Bihar and Jharkhand. Over a 14-month period in 2007-08, 246 married and 549 unmarried young abortion seekers were surveyed and 26 who were unmarried were interviewed in depth. Those who were unmarried were far more likely to report non-consensual sexual relations. As many as 25% of unmarried young women, compared to only 9% of married young women, had had a second trimester abortion. The unmarried were far more likely to report non-consensual sexual relations leading to pregnancy. They were also more likely to report such obstacles to timely abortion as failure to recognise the pregnancy promptly, exclusion from abortion-related decision-making, seeking confidentiality as paramount in selection of aborti...
More than a century after its discovery, the physiological implications of the renin-angiotensin ... more More than a century after its discovery, the physiological implications of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) continue to expand, with the identification of new components, functions and subsystems. These advancements have led to better management and understanding of a broad range of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The RAS has traditionally been viewed as a circulatory system, involved in the short-term regulation of volume and blood pressure homeostasis. Recently, local RASs have been described as regulators of chronic tissue effects. Most recently, studies have provided evidence of a complete, functional RAS within cells, described as an 'intracrine' or intracellular system. A more comprehensive understanding of the intracellular RAS provides for new strategies in system regulation and a more efficacious approach to the management of RAS-related diseases.
New fluorescent sensors 6, 7 and 9 based on calix[4]arenes have been synthesized and examined for... more New fluorescent sensors 6, 7 and 9 based on calix[4]arenes have been synthesized and examined for their binding abilities towards different metal ions (Li + , Na + , K + , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ , Hg 2+ and Ag + ) by UV and fluorescence spectroscopy. Two of these receptors (6 and 7) show ratiometric sensing while the third receptor (9) shows 'On-Off' signaling of Pb 2+ ion among the various metal ions tested. The stoichiometry of the complexation was found to be 1:1 as established by Job's plot.
Although they correspond to an important fraction of the total area of mountain glaciers (33000 k... more Although they correspond to an important fraction of the total area of mountain glaciers (33000 km 2 out of 546000 km 2 ), Himalayan glaciers and their mass balance are poorly sampled. For example, between 1977 and 1999, the average area surveyed each year on the field was 6.8 km 2 only. No direct mass balance measurement is available after 1999. To contribute to fill this gap, we use remote sensing data to monitor glacier elevation changes and mass balances in the Spiti/Lahaul region (32.2°N, 77.6°E, Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya, India). Our measurements are obtained by comparing a 2004 digital elevation model (DEM) to the 2000 SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) topography.
The paper presents a novel method for writer identification based on sparse representation of han... more The paper presents a novel method for writer identification based on sparse representation of handwritten structural primitives, called graphemes or fraglets. The proposed method is different from the existing grapheme based methods as the earlier methods use vector quantization based coding (clustering method) to get a document descriptor, while the proposed method uses sparse coding for the same. Literature shows that the sparse coding outperforms vector quantization in many real life applications including face recognition. Sparse coding can achieve comparatively much lower reconstruction error. Secondly, the sparsity allows representation to be specialized and can capture a writer specific features more accurately. Graphemes (fraglets) extracted from a document are represented in terms of Fourier and wavelet descriptors because the fraglet contour may be well described by its global as well as local characteristics. Wavelet descriptors also give a multi-resolution representation of the shape. Results have shown that even with a smaller codebook (than the earlier reported systems), the proposed method achieves better performance.
We report the demonstration of an all-optical, bias free and errorfree (bit-error-rate ~10 −12 ),... more We report the demonstration of an all-optical, bias free and errorfree (bit-error-rate ~10 −12 ), 10Gbit/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to return-tozero (RZ) data format conversion using a 7.5µm diameter III-V-on-silicon microdisk resonator. The device is completely processed in a 200mm CMOS pilot line. The data format conversion is based on the phenomenon of pulse carving of an NRZ optical data stream by an optical clock. The underlying physical effect for the pulse carving is the change in the refractive index caused by the generation of free-carriers in a pump -probe configuration. We believe it to be the first NRZ-to-RZ format convertor built on a hybrid III-V-on-silicon technology platform.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2007
The irradiation of polymeric materials with swift heavy ions (SHI) results in a change of their f... more The irradiation of polymeric materials with swift heavy ions (SHI) results in a change of their free volume properties which have strong correlation with their macroscopic properties. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has been developed into a powerful characterization tool for the study of free volume and free volume fraction in polymers. Polyamide nylon-6 (PN-6) and polyethersulphone (PES) films of thickness of 250 lm were irradiated with C 5+ ions of energy 70 MeV from 15 UD Pelletron accelerator at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, India. PN-6 films were irradiated to the fluences of 10 11 , 10 12 and 10 13 ions/cm 2 whereas PES films were irradiated to the fluences of 9.3 · 10 11 , 9.3 · 10 12 and 1.2 · 10 13 ions/cm 2 . Characterization of the effect of ion irradiation on free volume has been done by PALS. The average free volume and fractional free volume obtained from long lived component, attributed to ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime, are found to decrease with the fluence in both the cases. With increasing fluence, scissioned segments cross-link randomly, resulting in a decrease of average free volume due to overlapping of tracks.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2010
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were irradiated under vacuum and at room temperature with 15... more Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were irradiated under vacuum and at room temperature with 150MeV Ni11+ ions and fluences ranging from 5× 1010 to 5× 1012ions/cm2. Ion induced modifications in optical, chemical and structural properties were studied by ...
Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. We conducted a gen... more Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) followed by replication in a combined total of 10,503 PACG cases and 29,567 controls drawn from 24 countries across Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. We observed significant evidence of disease association at five new genetic loci upon meta-analysis of all patient collections. These loci are at EPDR1 rs3816415 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, P = 5.94 × 10(-15)), CHAT rs1258267 (OR = 1.22, P = 2.85 × 10(-16)), GLIS3 rs736893 (OR = 1.18, P = 1.43 × 10(-14)), FERMT2 rs7494379 (OR = 1.14, P = 3.43 × 10(-11)), and DPM2-FAM102A rs3739821 (OR = 1.15, P = 8.32 × 10(-12)). We also confirmed significant association at three previously described loci (P…
The passage of heavy ions in a track detector polymeric material produces lattice deformations. T... more The passage of heavy ions in a track detector polymeric material produces lattice deformations. These deformations may be in the form of latent tracks or may vanish by self annealing in time. Heavy ion irradiation produces modifications in polymers in their relevant electrical, chemical and optical properties in the form of rearrangement of bonding, cross-linking, chain scission, formation of carbon rich clusters and changes in dielectric properties etc. Modification depends on the ion, its energy and fluence and the polymeric material. In the present work, a study of the dielectric response of pristine and heavy ion irradiated Makrofol-KG polycarbonate is carried out. 40 μm thick Makrofol-KG polycarbonate films were irradiated to various fluences with Si 8+ ions of 100 MeV energy from Pelletron at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi and Ne 6+ ions of 145 MeV from Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata. On irradiation with heavy ions dielectric constant ( ) decreases with frequency where increases with fluence for both the ions. Variation of loss factor (tan ) with frequency for pristine and irradiated with Si ions reveals that tan increases as the frequency increases. Tan also increases with fluence. While Ne irradiated samples tan shows slight variation with frequency as well as with fluence. Tan has positive values indicating the dominance of inductive behavior.
2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2010
... Digital Image Process-ing and Analysis. Prentiece Hall of India, New Delhi, 2005. [3] K. Fran... more ... Digital Image Process-ing and Analysis. Prentiece Hall of India, New Delhi, 2005. [3] K. Franke and M. Koppen. A computer-based system to support forensic studies on handwritten documents. Pattern Recognition, 33(1):133148, 2000. [4] RA Huber and AM Headrick. ...
Acylation of 5-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo [4,3-d) pyrimidin-7-one... more Acylation of 5-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo [4,3-d) pyrimidin-7-one 1 with chloroacetylchloride in the presence of anyhydrous aluminium chloride affords 5-[(5chloroacetyl-2-ethoxy)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo [4,3-d] pyrimidin-7-one 2. The compound 2 condensed with various β-diketones/β-ketoesters compound, to obtain new β-diketones/ β-ketoesters 4a-i treated with ethylenediamine (EDA) gives 1H-1,4-diazepines. The compounds 5a-i has been screened for antimicrobial, antifungal and anthelmintic activities.
We analyse the problem of impedance for a diffusion controlled charge transfer process across an ... more We analyse the problem of impedance for a diffusion controlled charge transfer process across an irregular interface. These interfacial irregularities are characterized as two class of random fractals: (i) a statistically isotropic self-affine fractals and (ii) a statistically corrugated self-affine fractals. The information about the realistic fractal surface roughness has been introduced through the bandlimited power-law power spectrum over limited wave numbers. The details of power spectrum of such roughness can be characterized in term of four fractal morphological parameters, viz. fractal dimension (D H ), lower ( ), and upper (L) cut-off length scales of fractality, and the proportionality factor (µ) of power spectrum. Theoretical results are analysed for the impedance of such rough electrode as well as the effect of statistical symmetries of roughness. Impedance response for irregular interface is simplified through expansion over intermediate frequencies. This intermediate frequency expansion with sufficient number of terms offers a good approximation over all frequency regimes. The Nyquist plots of impedance show the strong dependency mainly on three surface morphological parameters i.e. D H , and µ. We can say that our theoretical results also provide an alternative explanation for the exponent in intermediate frequency power-law form.
Abstract : In the present study measurement of radon and its progeny concentration has been under... more Abstract : In the present study measurement of radon and its progeny concentration has been undertaken in the buildings constructed in the surroundings of National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC). LR-115 Type-II solid state nuclear track detectors fixed on a thick flat ...
Molecular and cellular endocrinology, Jan 14, 2010
The role of the newly discovered estrogen receptor GPR30 in islet physiology and pathophysiology ... more The role of the newly discovered estrogen receptor GPR30 in islet physiology and pathophysiology is unclear. We examined GPR30 expression in relation to hormone secretion and possible anti-apoptotic effects in isolated mouse islets using the synthetic GPR30 ligand G-1. The mRNA and protein expression of GPR30 was analyzed by qPCR, Western blot and confocal microscopy. Hormone secretion and cAMP content were determined with RIA and apoptosis in islet cells with the Annexin-V method. GPR30 mRNA and protein expression was markedly higher in islets from females compared to male. This gender difference was not found for the genomic estrogen receptors ER alpha and ER beta, the ER alpha expression being 10-fold higher than ER beta in both genders. Confocal microscopy revealed abounden GPR30 expression in insulin, glucagon and somatostatin cells. Dose-response studies of G-1 vs 17beta-estradiol in isolated islets at 1 or 12 mM glucose showed an almost identical pattern in that both compound...
Studies suggest that the experiences of unmarried young women seeking abortion in India differ fr... more Studies suggest that the experiences of unmarried young women seeking abortion in India differ from those of their married counterparts, but the evidence is limited. Research was undertaken among nulliparous young women aged 15-24 who had abortions at the clinics of a leading NGO in Bihar and Jharkhand. Over a 14-month period in 2007-08, 246 married and 549 unmarried young abortion seekers were surveyed and 26 who were unmarried were interviewed in depth. Those who were unmarried were far more likely to report non-consensual sexual relations. As many as 25% of unmarried young women, compared to only 9% of married young women, had had a second trimester abortion. The unmarried were far more likely to report non-consensual sexual relations leading to pregnancy. They were also more likely to report such obstacles to timely abortion as failure to recognise the pregnancy promptly, exclusion from abortion-related decision-making, seeking confidentiality as paramount in selection of aborti...
More than a century after its discovery, the physiological implications of the renin-angiotensin ... more More than a century after its discovery, the physiological implications of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) continue to expand, with the identification of new components, functions and subsystems. These advancements have led to better management and understanding of a broad range of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The RAS has traditionally been viewed as a circulatory system, involved in the short-term regulation of volume and blood pressure homeostasis. Recently, local RASs have been described as regulators of chronic tissue effects. Most recently, studies have provided evidence of a complete, functional RAS within cells, described as an 'intracrine' or intracellular system. A more comprehensive understanding of the intracellular RAS provides for new strategies in system regulation and a more efficacious approach to the management of RAS-related diseases.
New fluorescent sensors 6, 7 and 9 based on calix[4]arenes have been synthesized and examined for... more New fluorescent sensors 6, 7 and 9 based on calix[4]arenes have been synthesized and examined for their binding abilities towards different metal ions (Li + , Na + , K + , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ , Hg 2+ and Ag + ) by UV and fluorescence spectroscopy. Two of these receptors (6 and 7) show ratiometric sensing while the third receptor (9) shows 'On-Off' signaling of Pb 2+ ion among the various metal ions tested. The stoichiometry of the complexation was found to be 1:1 as established by Job's plot.
Although they correspond to an important fraction of the total area of mountain glaciers (33000 k... more Although they correspond to an important fraction of the total area of mountain glaciers (33000 km 2 out of 546000 km 2 ), Himalayan glaciers and their mass balance are poorly sampled. For example, between 1977 and 1999, the average area surveyed each year on the field was 6.8 km 2 only. No direct mass balance measurement is available after 1999. To contribute to fill this gap, we use remote sensing data to monitor glacier elevation changes and mass balances in the Spiti/Lahaul region (32.2°N, 77.6°E, Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya, India). Our measurements are obtained by comparing a 2004 digital elevation model (DEM) to the 2000 SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) topography.
The paper presents a novel method for writer identification based on sparse representation of han... more The paper presents a novel method for writer identification based on sparse representation of handwritten structural primitives, called graphemes or fraglets. The proposed method is different from the existing grapheme based methods as the earlier methods use vector quantization based coding (clustering method) to get a document descriptor, while the proposed method uses sparse coding for the same. Literature shows that the sparse coding outperforms vector quantization in many real life applications including face recognition. Sparse coding can achieve comparatively much lower reconstruction error. Secondly, the sparsity allows representation to be specialized and can capture a writer specific features more accurately. Graphemes (fraglets) extracted from a document are represented in terms of Fourier and wavelet descriptors because the fraglet contour may be well described by its global as well as local characteristics. Wavelet descriptors also give a multi-resolution representation of the shape. Results have shown that even with a smaller codebook (than the earlier reported systems), the proposed method achieves better performance.
We report the demonstration of an all-optical, bias free and errorfree (bit-error-rate ~10 −12 ),... more We report the demonstration of an all-optical, bias free and errorfree (bit-error-rate ~10 −12 ), 10Gbit/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to return-tozero (RZ) data format conversion using a 7.5µm diameter III-V-on-silicon microdisk resonator. The device is completely processed in a 200mm CMOS pilot line. The data format conversion is based on the phenomenon of pulse carving of an NRZ optical data stream by an optical clock. The underlying physical effect for the pulse carving is the change in the refractive index caused by the generation of free-carriers in a pump -probe configuration. We believe it to be the first NRZ-to-RZ format convertor built on a hybrid III-V-on-silicon technology platform.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2007
The irradiation of polymeric materials with swift heavy ions (SHI) results in a change of their f... more The irradiation of polymeric materials with swift heavy ions (SHI) results in a change of their free volume properties which have strong correlation with their macroscopic properties. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has been developed into a powerful characterization tool for the study of free volume and free volume fraction in polymers. Polyamide nylon-6 (PN-6) and polyethersulphone (PES) films of thickness of 250 lm were irradiated with C 5+ ions of energy 70 MeV from 15 UD Pelletron accelerator at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, India. PN-6 films were irradiated to the fluences of 10 11 , 10 12 and 10 13 ions/cm 2 whereas PES films were irradiated to the fluences of 9.3 · 10 11 , 9.3 · 10 12 and 1.2 · 10 13 ions/cm 2 . Characterization of the effect of ion irradiation on free volume has been done by PALS. The average free volume and fractional free volume obtained from long lived component, attributed to ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime, are found to decrease with the fluence in both the cases. With increasing fluence, scissioned segments cross-link randomly, resulting in a decrease of average free volume due to overlapping of tracks.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2010
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were irradiated under vacuum and at room temperature with 15... more Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were irradiated under vacuum and at room temperature with 150MeV Ni11+ ions and fluences ranging from 5× 1010 to 5× 1012ions/cm2. Ion induced modifications in optical, chemical and structural properties were studied by ...
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