We are pleased to announce a Call for Chapter Proposals for the book which will present new and e... more We are pleased to announce a Call for Chapter Proposals for the book which will present new and emerging direction in research in the area of tourism. Theoretical contributions as well as empirical and case studies to advance our understanding about this phenomenon are welcomed. Please send extended abstracts (up to 500 words) or intention for contribution or questions to Professor Omar Moufakkir <[email protected]> and Professor Yvette Reisinger <[email protected]>. All submissions will be reviewed and should include author(s) names, affiliations, and contact details. Abstract submission for chapter proposals: No later than July 2017.
We are pleased to announce a Call for Chapter Proposals for the book which will present new and e... more We are pleased to announce a Call for Chapter Proposals for the book which will present new and emerging direction in research in the area of tourism. Theoretical contributions as well as empirical and case studies to advance our understanding about this phenomenon are welcomed. Please send extended abstracts (up to 500 words) or intention for contribution or questions to Professor Omar Moufakkir <[email protected]> and Professor Yvette Reisinger <[email protected]>. All submissions will be reviewed and should include author(s) names, affiliations, and contact details. Abstract submission for chapter proposals: No later than July 2017.
The qualitative study presented in this chapter assesses the perceptions that potential Dutch tou... more The qualitative study presented in this chapter assesses the perceptions that potential Dutch tourists (n=34) have of Morocco as a tourism destination and examines how these affect destination image and travel propensity. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) the image that the Dutch have of the country Morocco is negative; (2) the image that the Dutch have of the Moroccan community living in the Netherlands is negative, but less negative than the image they have of the Moroccans living in Morocco; (3) the perceived image of Morocco as a tourism destination for the Dutch tourist is positive and congruent with the projected image, yet weak and confused with competition; and (4) the Dutch potential tourist seems to have knowledge of and appreciation for the tourism-tangible attributes of Morocco, and seems to lack knowledge of and, therefore, have a negative perception of the intangible attributes that are associated with the Moroccan people and the country&#39;s socio-political progress. It is suggested that there is a need to (a) intellectualize Morocco&#39;s tourism communication, (b) romanticize Morocco&#39;s marketing campaigns, (c) shift from destination selling to destination branding, and (d) deliver the bundle of the intangible attributes that are valued by the target market.
This concluding chapter (i) reviews Getz&amp;amp;#39;s three discourses of event studies in r... more This concluding chapter (i) reviews Getz&amp;amp;#39;s three discourses of event studies in relation to the events literature; and (ii) offers a synthesis of the contributions in this book on the ideological, social and cultural aspects of events with the objective of extracting a few research perspectives and questions to advance our understanding in the field of event management and event studies.
This chapter explains how tourism can transform poor people's lives and perceptions about poo... more This chapter explains how tourism can transform poor people's lives and perceptions about poor people, and can contribute to peace by encouraging contact situations in which attitudes may be changed for the better. It is argued that poverty is a condition in which peace and wellbeing do not thrive and there are sound ethical grounds for seeking to help those who are in need.
This chapter builds upon MacCannell's second gaze to propose a third gaze: a gaze that offers... more This chapter builds upon MacCannell's second gaze to propose a third gaze: a gaze that offers a deeper look into the gaze, and this time goes truly beyond the visible to reach the invisible in the unconscious of the host gaze. The third gaze is ingrained in psychoanalysis and psychoanalytical concepts and theories advanced by Freud and Lacan. Similar to Foucault's gaze of the medic, this gaze is the gaze of the tourism academic upon the gaze of the tourism gaze. The third gaze is defined as the gaze of the gazer upon the gaze of the gazer gazing upon the object of the gaze. The intention of this gaze tries to understand the 'whys' of the host gaze from a psychoanalytical perspective.
The Contact Hypothesis suggests that contact between people of different cultural backgrounds may... more The Contact Hypothesis suggests that contact between people of different cultural backgrounds may result in positive and negative outcomes. As people are more likely to develop social contact with their own national group, or those with a similar background, it was posited that Dutch hosts were more likely to develop positive social contact with German tourists than with East Asian tourists. Our in-depth interviews with Dutch tourism-related business participants suggested the opposite. Furthermore, it was found that stereotypes attributed to a culture travel with its people as tourists in different ways, depending on cultural distance. Cultural distance seems to mediate the host gaze in different ways, and new hypotheses have emerged calling for more research on tourism encounters in different geographical contexts.
European Conference on Management Leadership and Governance
Both academics and practitioners increasingly emphasize employee engagement as a means to generat... more Both academics and practitioners increasingly emphasize employee engagement as a means to generate higher levels of job performance and organizational success. While the employee engagement literature is well established not much is known about employee engagement in the Arab region and engagement of the expatriate’s workforce living in these countries is non-existent despite their importance and disproportionate number compared to the local population. This paper focused on the antecedents of employee engagement of expats residing in Kuwait. It examined the relationship between employee engagement, service climate, co-worker support, and psychological capital. On the second level of analysis, we assessed the relationship between employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior, employee engagement and quit intention. We also examined the extent to which job satisfaction is impacted by OCB. Results are based on 536 cases. Two software statistical packages (SPSS 25.0 and ...
Focusing on the question of social identity and cultural ethics, this chapter argues that the pop... more Focusing on the question of social identity and cultural ethics, this chapter argues that the popularity of aboriginal tourism has created a series of tensions and conflicts when ethnic culture is commoditized as a tourism resource. The chapter proposes the term 'ethnic panopticon' by using Foucault's eye-of-power construct to describe a controversy when aboriginal resources are used for tourism. Through the concept of ethnic panopticon, the participant/observer becomes the object to view and be viewed. The argument is that aboriginal tourism involves technologies of gazes in order to create, reify and reinvent a fantasy world of cultural difference for tourists' consumption. A case study is presented of an aboriginal folk village on Hainan Island, China, where tourism has become the major source of income.
This chapter examines the change in attitudes, stereotypes and images that occurred as a result o... more This chapter examines the change in attitudes, stereotypes and images that occurred as a result of Jewish-Arab encounters in the beach resorts of Egypt's Sinai Peninsula. The objective of this study is to examine, using contact theory, the interaction between rival groups in a temporary but stable tourism-related contact, and its effects on reducing prejudice and negative stereotypes. Findings indicate that many participants experienced no attitude change and that positive attitude change, when it occurred, was more common among Egyptians. Both groups identified circumstances in which negative attitudes were intensified, and there are suggestions for alleviating these.
Ideological, social and cultural aspects of events, 2015
This chapter identifies the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) as a potential approach to analysi... more This chapter identifies the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) as a potential approach to analysing the impact of festivals and special events. To illustrate the application of this type of measurement to the impacts of festivals, a case study is reported that represents the impacts of seven festivals (the HandMade Festivals) in western North Carolina, USA, on different types of community capitals.
This chapter argues that through developing an understanding of the perceptions and experiences o... more This chapter argues that through developing an understanding of the perceptions and experiences of the Thai host in the tourist space, the Thai-tourist encounter, in general, and the recent measures to govern visitors and the image of Thailand, in particular, should be seen as embedded in particular relations of alterity.
Ideological, social and cultural aspects of events, 2015
This chapter accentuates the need for multicultural approaches in festival studies, and offers ar... more This chapter accentuates the need for multicultural approaches in festival studies, and offers arguments as to why they are needed. It also provides a case study of a multicultural approach used in the analysis of festival exhibitor perceptions at the Multicultural Festival in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada.
This chapter presents diverse perspectives regarding the concept of peace and its relationship to... more This chapter presents diverse perspectives regarding the concept of peace and its relationship to tourism. First, it reviews various understandings associated with the term 'peace'; questions perspectives that consider peace as the absence of conflict, violence and war; and defines and describes peace as a presence. Next, it identifies five themes important for embracing a comprehensive understanding of peace as a presence. A new paradigm for peace is then developed based on principles of peace education and the act of peacemaking. Lastly, the chapter develops the relationship between peace and tourism, and identifies peace actions undertaken by those engaged in and affected by the tourism industry.
We are pleased to announce a Call for Chapter Proposals for the book which will present new and e... more We are pleased to announce a Call for Chapter Proposals for the book which will present new and emerging direction in research in the area of tourism. Theoretical contributions as well as empirical and case studies to advance our understanding about this phenomenon are welcomed. Please send extended abstracts (up to 500 words) or intention for contribution or questions to Professor Omar Moufakkir <[email protected]> and Professor Yvette Reisinger <[email protected]>. All submissions will be reviewed and should include author(s) names, affiliations, and contact details. Abstract submission for chapter proposals: No later than July 2017.
We are pleased to announce a Call for Chapter Proposals for the book which will present new and e... more We are pleased to announce a Call for Chapter Proposals for the book which will present new and emerging direction in research in the area of tourism. Theoretical contributions as well as empirical and case studies to advance our understanding about this phenomenon are welcomed. Please send extended abstracts (up to 500 words) or intention for contribution or questions to Professor Omar Moufakkir <[email protected]> and Professor Yvette Reisinger <[email protected]>. All submissions will be reviewed and should include author(s) names, affiliations, and contact details. Abstract submission for chapter proposals: No later than July 2017.
The qualitative study presented in this chapter assesses the perceptions that potential Dutch tou... more The qualitative study presented in this chapter assesses the perceptions that potential Dutch tourists (n=34) have of Morocco as a tourism destination and examines how these affect destination image and travel propensity. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) the image that the Dutch have of the country Morocco is negative; (2) the image that the Dutch have of the Moroccan community living in the Netherlands is negative, but less negative than the image they have of the Moroccans living in Morocco; (3) the perceived image of Morocco as a tourism destination for the Dutch tourist is positive and congruent with the projected image, yet weak and confused with competition; and (4) the Dutch potential tourist seems to have knowledge of and appreciation for the tourism-tangible attributes of Morocco, and seems to lack knowledge of and, therefore, have a negative perception of the intangible attributes that are associated with the Moroccan people and the country&#39;s socio-political progress. It is suggested that there is a need to (a) intellectualize Morocco&#39;s tourism communication, (b) romanticize Morocco&#39;s marketing campaigns, (c) shift from destination selling to destination branding, and (d) deliver the bundle of the intangible attributes that are valued by the target market.
This concluding chapter (i) reviews Getz&amp;amp;#39;s three discourses of event studies in r... more This concluding chapter (i) reviews Getz&amp;amp;#39;s three discourses of event studies in relation to the events literature; and (ii) offers a synthesis of the contributions in this book on the ideological, social and cultural aspects of events with the objective of extracting a few research perspectives and questions to advance our understanding in the field of event management and event studies.
This chapter explains how tourism can transform poor people's lives and perceptions about poo... more This chapter explains how tourism can transform poor people's lives and perceptions about poor people, and can contribute to peace by encouraging contact situations in which attitudes may be changed for the better. It is argued that poverty is a condition in which peace and wellbeing do not thrive and there are sound ethical grounds for seeking to help those who are in need.
This chapter builds upon MacCannell's second gaze to propose a third gaze: a gaze that offers... more This chapter builds upon MacCannell's second gaze to propose a third gaze: a gaze that offers a deeper look into the gaze, and this time goes truly beyond the visible to reach the invisible in the unconscious of the host gaze. The third gaze is ingrained in psychoanalysis and psychoanalytical concepts and theories advanced by Freud and Lacan. Similar to Foucault's gaze of the medic, this gaze is the gaze of the tourism academic upon the gaze of the tourism gaze. The third gaze is defined as the gaze of the gazer upon the gaze of the gazer gazing upon the object of the gaze. The intention of this gaze tries to understand the 'whys' of the host gaze from a psychoanalytical perspective.
The Contact Hypothesis suggests that contact between people of different cultural backgrounds may... more The Contact Hypothesis suggests that contact between people of different cultural backgrounds may result in positive and negative outcomes. As people are more likely to develop social contact with their own national group, or those with a similar background, it was posited that Dutch hosts were more likely to develop positive social contact with German tourists than with East Asian tourists. Our in-depth interviews with Dutch tourism-related business participants suggested the opposite. Furthermore, it was found that stereotypes attributed to a culture travel with its people as tourists in different ways, depending on cultural distance. Cultural distance seems to mediate the host gaze in different ways, and new hypotheses have emerged calling for more research on tourism encounters in different geographical contexts.
European Conference on Management Leadership and Governance
Both academics and practitioners increasingly emphasize employee engagement as a means to generat... more Both academics and practitioners increasingly emphasize employee engagement as a means to generate higher levels of job performance and organizational success. While the employee engagement literature is well established not much is known about employee engagement in the Arab region and engagement of the expatriate’s workforce living in these countries is non-existent despite their importance and disproportionate number compared to the local population. This paper focused on the antecedents of employee engagement of expats residing in Kuwait. It examined the relationship between employee engagement, service climate, co-worker support, and psychological capital. On the second level of analysis, we assessed the relationship between employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior, employee engagement and quit intention. We also examined the extent to which job satisfaction is impacted by OCB. Results are based on 536 cases. Two software statistical packages (SPSS 25.0 and ...
Focusing on the question of social identity and cultural ethics, this chapter argues that the pop... more Focusing on the question of social identity and cultural ethics, this chapter argues that the popularity of aboriginal tourism has created a series of tensions and conflicts when ethnic culture is commoditized as a tourism resource. The chapter proposes the term 'ethnic panopticon' by using Foucault's eye-of-power construct to describe a controversy when aboriginal resources are used for tourism. Through the concept of ethnic panopticon, the participant/observer becomes the object to view and be viewed. The argument is that aboriginal tourism involves technologies of gazes in order to create, reify and reinvent a fantasy world of cultural difference for tourists' consumption. A case study is presented of an aboriginal folk village on Hainan Island, China, where tourism has become the major source of income.
This chapter examines the change in attitudes, stereotypes and images that occurred as a result o... more This chapter examines the change in attitudes, stereotypes and images that occurred as a result of Jewish-Arab encounters in the beach resorts of Egypt's Sinai Peninsula. The objective of this study is to examine, using contact theory, the interaction between rival groups in a temporary but stable tourism-related contact, and its effects on reducing prejudice and negative stereotypes. Findings indicate that many participants experienced no attitude change and that positive attitude change, when it occurred, was more common among Egyptians. Both groups identified circumstances in which negative attitudes were intensified, and there are suggestions for alleviating these.
Ideological, social and cultural aspects of events, 2015
This chapter identifies the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) as a potential approach to analysi... more This chapter identifies the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) as a potential approach to analysing the impact of festivals and special events. To illustrate the application of this type of measurement to the impacts of festivals, a case study is reported that represents the impacts of seven festivals (the HandMade Festivals) in western North Carolina, USA, on different types of community capitals.
This chapter argues that through developing an understanding of the perceptions and experiences o... more This chapter argues that through developing an understanding of the perceptions and experiences of the Thai host in the tourist space, the Thai-tourist encounter, in general, and the recent measures to govern visitors and the image of Thailand, in particular, should be seen as embedded in particular relations of alterity.
Ideological, social and cultural aspects of events, 2015
This chapter accentuates the need for multicultural approaches in festival studies, and offers ar... more This chapter accentuates the need for multicultural approaches in festival studies, and offers arguments as to why they are needed. It also provides a case study of a multicultural approach used in the analysis of festival exhibitor perceptions at the Multicultural Festival in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada.
This chapter presents diverse perspectives regarding the concept of peace and its relationship to... more This chapter presents diverse perspectives regarding the concept of peace and its relationship to tourism. First, it reviews various understandings associated with the term 'peace'; questions perspectives that consider peace as the absence of conflict, violence and war; and defines and describes peace as a presence. Next, it identifies five themes important for embracing a comprehensive understanding of peace as a presence. A new paradigm for peace is then developed based on principles of peace education and the act of peacemaking. Lastly, the chapter develops the relationship between peace and tourism, and identifies peace actions undertaken by those engaged in and affected by the tourism industry.
Reversed culture shock is introduced as a surrogate for reverse culture shock to study the experi... more Reversed culture shock is introduced as a surrogate for reverse culture shock to study the experience of tourists from developing countries visiting friends and relatives (VFR) residing in a developed country. The established concept of reverse culture shock postulates a state of emotional being, wherein negative feelings about one's own culture occur upon returning home. Instead, these tourists tend to romanticize their native culture and idealize their country of origin during their visit. This contemporary culture shock presents as a reactive state to their stigmatization in the country visited, resulting in psychological shocks. Culture shock and reverse culture shock have widely been studies from the Western prism. This article uses stigma and metaperception to study tourist-host encounter in ticklish situations, and offers a new perspective on VFR travel. Suggestions for further research are proposed.
This chapter deconstructs elements of the host gaze within the context of Indigenous tourism in A... more This chapter deconstructs elements of the host gaze within the context of Indigenous tourism in Alaska, demonstrating its utility as an analytic tool. The host gaze can be a valuable mechanism that helps hosts to better accommodate guests, resist stereotyping, define themselves and enjoy the positive aspects of working in tourism.
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