The general objective of this study is to produce a causal analysis of ethnic based violence usin... more The general objective of this study is to produce a causal analysis of ethnic based violence using available secondary data. This is necessary to guide national and state social engineering drives to stem the tide of growing ethnic based violence in Nigeria especially in the North. Number of ethnic groups per state, literacy level per state and poverty level per state were used as independent variables. Both correlation and regression statistics were employed to identify the pattern and significance of relationships among the variables. Two working hypotheses were set: That level of human development measured in terms of education and wealth have significant relationship with incidence of ethnic based violence across Nigeria. The second is, ethnic based violence is caused by intensity of ethnic combination per state. From the analysis, Number of ethnic groupings per state has highest correlation (0.53), followed by poverty level (0.31) while literacy level has negative correlation (...
British colonial research put the number of ethnic groups in Nigeria at 200 in 1914-1934; Otite O... more British colonial research put the number of ethnic groups in Nigeria at 200 in 1914-1934; Otite Onigu identified 374 ethnic groups in 1980s while M. Onwuejeogwu listed over 480 ethnic groups in 1990s. This makes Nigeria to be the most culturally diverse nation in the world. This diversity produces various shades of inter-ethnic conflicts and challenge of programmatic interventions to counter culturally specific unwholesome practices. This paper focuses on the influence of cultural and ethnic diversities in producing diverse HIV epidemic rates across the nation. Findings show a clear higher HIV prevalence rate in zones and states with significant higher levels of ethnic based violence especially in Federal Capital Territory (FCT),
Socioeconomic Status and Utilization of Health Care Services Among Asthmatic Children
Journal of Asthma, 2002
We evaluated the relation between socioeconomic factors and hospitalization as well as emergency ... more We evaluated the relation between socioeconomic factors and hospitalization as well as emergency department (ED) visits among asthmatic children who had universal access to health care. Newly diagnosed asthmatic children 3-4 years of age were followed up for a period of 6 years. Information on hospitalization and ED visits was obtained by interviewing parents. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by paternal occupation, race, type of dwelling, and an index of crowding. After adjusting for asthma severity, logistic regression analysis showed that children with fathers in the economically least advantaged occupations were more likely to be hospitalized due to their asthma [father's occupation group 3 (FOG3), odds ratio (OR)=2.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=0.2-19.8; father's occupation group 4 (FOG4), OR=13.9, 95% CI=1.1-181.4]. The probability of emergency department visits was not significantly different according to the studied variables. Emergency department visits were not influenced by SES variables, probably due to the absence offinancial barriers to access health care. However, SES differences in hospitalization may suggest differential management and/or treatment practices according to socioeconomic status at the emergency departments.
The health seeking behaviour of TB patients and health service related barriers have been cited t... more The health seeking behaviour of TB patients and health service related barriers have been cited to have an influence on the management of the disease in countries with high incidence of TB. Using close and open-ended questionnaires, an assessment of the health seeking behaviour of 302 TB patients selected from 24 DOTS centres in six districts in the Central Region of Ghana was carried out. Under service-related barriers, distance from home to DOTS centre significantly impacted on the management of TB among sufferers (p=0.025). Though not significant, patients acknowledged the good reception by staff at treatment centres with 99.3% of them being comfortable with staff and services provided at centres. Majority (46.7%) of patients perceived TB to be caused by the oral route while only 9.3% knew the causative agent to be bacteria. Compared with males, quite a number of women did not have adequate knowledge on TB (p<0.05). More than half of the respondents sought treatment elsewhere as first point of treatment before reporting to the DOTS centre. Health insurance played an important role in the health seeking behaviour of respondents; 45.9% of TB patients with health insurance visited the health facility as 1 st provider whilst 49.4% without health insurance visited prayer camps (p=0.001). Our study has revealed that factors such as staff attitude, distance to treatment centres, gender, employment and education are key factors that affect the health-seeking behaviour of TB patients in the Central Region of Ghana. tries (Banerji and Andersen, 1963; WHO, 1993). The Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) for the control of TB has been adopted by most countries in the African region including Ghana since 1994. However, by the year 2001 only 68% of the population in the
Aim: To undertake a comparative assessment of healthcare access of people in Ekiti and Kogi State... more Aim: To undertake a comparative assessment of healthcare access of people in Ekiti and Kogi States of Nigeria. This further provided hard data for health program development towards attainment of universal health coverage and health sustainable development goal. Study Design: A comparative research design was employed using questionnaire for data collection. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Ekiti and Kogi States of Nigeria representing Southern and Northern parts of the nation. The fieldwork was conducted in October and December 2019. Methodology: Multistage sampling technique was used starting from random selection of one local government area from each of the three senatorial districts in the two states. From each of the local government areas, five political wards were randomly selected from the existing number of wards. From the selected wards, equal number of 144 sampled respondents were contacted for the structured interviews to make 856 administered...
In Nigeria, the practice of traditional bone setting (TBS) is extensive as in other developing na... more In Nigeria, the practice of traditional bone setting (TBS) is extensive as in other developing nations. Traditional bonesetters play an imperative role in fracture care. Though, the outcome of the intervention of TBS treatment is usually poor with profound effects on the patient in the future. This study seeks to examine the activities of traditional bone setters on fracture care in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Survey method was applied in the study. 250 questionnaires were administered to owners of traditional bone centres and their clients respectively. Ten (10) of such centres were selected for the study in Ekiti. The findings indicated that majority of the bone setters had little or no formal education. Many of them acquired the schema used through ancestral/supernatural power. The TBS lack basic knowledge of investigations and wound care while most of their clients patronized them because of poverty, ignorance and superstitious beliefs. Provision of adequate basic equipment in health ...
Corruption remains the most pervasive social problem in Nigeria. In this paper corruption is view... more Corruption remains the most pervasive social problem in Nigeria. In this paper corruption is viewed as the root cause of non-improvement in the health status of Nigerians produced by comparative failures of huge public health expenditures to achieve the objective of reducing epidemic diseases with the attendant high mortalities. The gap between public health investment and public health outcome is largely accounted for by wasteful public health expenditure which is corruption. Merton’s Structural Functionalist Theory of Anomie is used to analyze health policy and legislation, health procurement, availability and access of health care, budgetary appropriation and release in relations to overall health dysfunctions. The paper concludes that the prevailing high level of corruption in health care processes of Nigeria is a function of decades of moral laxity and weak social structures, and it is only a strong political leadership backed by adequate legal and political structures that wil...
The greatest challenge to child health in sub Saharan Africa is poor immunization service for maj... more The greatest challenge to child health in sub Saharan Africa is poor immunization service for major child illnesses. The World Health Organisation's (WHO) review of the health systems of the World, looking at various health indicators including child mortality, in the year 2003 placed Nigeria in 187 th position among 191 countries, and little has been achieved since then. This paper is an overview of routine immunization in Ekiti State of Nigeria. The State serves as a case for understanding the prospects and challenges of child health care in South Nigeria. The study used qualitative data derived from focus group discussions and key informants and secondary data of state and national surveys. The findings identify factors that account for the relative poor immunization coverage. The salient issues include ignorance and social cost of access to the service. Also the quality of the immunization service: availability to the remote areas, health personnel commitment, and consistent availability account for low coverage. It is concluded and recommended that there is a need for improvement in the supply side of immunization service especially taken the service to the physically and socially marginalized areas and also extend the campaigns for immunizations beyond the current emphasis on Polio vaccination to incorporate other antigens.
There had been differences in the crimes committed by male and female in various stages, througho... more There had been differences in the crimes committed by male and female in various stages, throughout the world. Male criminality became the most significant issue in the literary discussion of crime, which gave female criminality little or no attention. Against this background, this paper looked into disparity in the punishment given to male and female. To achieve this, the samples of 120 respondents were chosen among the inmates, the prison officials, the police and the general public. The findings revealed that preferential treatment only existed in terms of hard labour; that women were not exposed to manual labour as their male counterparts do. Conclusively, equality and fair treatment in all ramifications irrespective of their sex and offence committed were recommended.
Nigeria is having about 17.5 million orphans and Ekiti State the study area contributes about 70,... more Nigeria is having about 17.5 million orphans and Ekiti State the study area contributes about 70,000. This may increase with the prevalence of HIV from one percent to 1.4 percent in the state. This study uses the Orphans Vulnerable Index and Child Status Index to identify and enroll Vulnerable Children (VC) in the two LGAs of focus in order to identify the needs of VC and care givers. A total number of 402 VC were enrolled out of 433 identified from six political wards in the LGAs. There were 51% male and 49% female, 44% and 56% from Ido Osi and Moba LGAs respectively while the age distribution shows that more than 40% of the VC are within 10-14 years of age. Using the CSI scores, more than 65% of the VC has poor access to
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jun 25, 2021
This study investigated the health-seeking and treatment compliance of hypertensive adults in Eki... more This study investigated the health-seeking and treatment compliance of hypertensive adults in Ekiti State, located in southwest Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design with the pretested questionnaire to collect the data. Sampling involved the use of multi-stage procedures and a sample size of 430 survey respondents across two tertiary hospitals and two secondary hospitals to represent the 23 public hospitals in the State. Respondents were male or female hypertensive patients accessing treatment in the sampled health facilities contacted by exit interviews and the snowball method. The mean age of the respondents is 58 years while over 70% have a minimum of secondary school education and are married with children. The study also revealed that an overwhelming percentage of respondents are aware and knowledgeable about hypertension. Awareness of hypertension in terms of knowledge of causes, symptoms, treatment shows a range of 28% and 86%. The lowest is hypertension associated with Red meat, and the highest; is hypertension as a life-threatening disease. Health seeking practices show 93% were placed on hypertensive drugs immediately after diagnosis, 18% taken non-recommended drugs 68% attended to by medical doctors However, 31%, 24%, 8%, and 35% still used branded herbal drugs, locally produced herbs, traditional healer and spiritual therapy respectively. Generally, the level of treatment compliance was 88%. The low awareness of the relationship between food practices and hypertension and the use of unwholesome non-recommended therapy is a call for increased hospital-based and community sensitization for acceptable knowledge and treatment compliance among patients and care providers of hypertension.
The general objective of this study is to produce a causal analysis of ethnic based violence usin... more The general objective of this study is to produce a causal analysis of ethnic based violence using available secondary data. This is necessary to guide national and state social engineering drives to stem the tide of growing ethnic based violence in Nigeria especially in the North. Number of ethnic groups per state, literacy level per state and poverty level per state were used as independent variables. Both correlation and regression statistics were employed to identify the pattern and significance of relationships among the variables. Two working hypotheses were set: That level of human development measured in terms of education and wealth have significant relationship with incidence of ethnic based violence across Nigeria. The second is, ethnic based violence is caused by intensity of ethnic combination per state. From the analysis, Number of ethnic groupings per state has highest correlation (0.53), followed by poverty level (0.31) while literacy level has negative correlation (...
British colonial research put the number of ethnic groups in Nigeria at 200 in 1914-1934; Otite O... more British colonial research put the number of ethnic groups in Nigeria at 200 in 1914-1934; Otite Onigu identified 374 ethnic groups in 1980s while M. Onwuejeogwu listed over 480 ethnic groups in 1990s. This makes Nigeria to be the most culturally diverse nation in the world. This diversity produces various shades of inter-ethnic conflicts and challenge of programmatic interventions to counter culturally specific unwholesome practices. This paper focuses on the influence of cultural and ethnic diversities in producing diverse HIV epidemic rates across the nation. Findings show a clear higher HIV prevalence rate in zones and states with significant higher levels of ethnic based violence especially in Federal Capital Territory (FCT),
Socioeconomic Status and Utilization of Health Care Services Among Asthmatic Children
Journal of Asthma, 2002
We evaluated the relation between socioeconomic factors and hospitalization as well as emergency ... more We evaluated the relation between socioeconomic factors and hospitalization as well as emergency department (ED) visits among asthmatic children who had universal access to health care. Newly diagnosed asthmatic children 3-4 years of age were followed up for a period of 6 years. Information on hospitalization and ED visits was obtained by interviewing parents. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by paternal occupation, race, type of dwelling, and an index of crowding. After adjusting for asthma severity, logistic regression analysis showed that children with fathers in the economically least advantaged occupations were more likely to be hospitalized due to their asthma [father&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s occupation group 3 (FOG3), odds ratio (OR)=2.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=0.2-19.8; father&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s occupation group 4 (FOG4), OR=13.9, 95% CI=1.1-181.4]. The probability of emergency department visits was not significantly different according to the studied variables. Emergency department visits were not influenced by SES variables, probably due to the absence offinancial barriers to access health care. However, SES differences in hospitalization may suggest differential management and/or treatment practices according to socioeconomic status at the emergency departments.
The health seeking behaviour of TB patients and health service related barriers have been cited t... more The health seeking behaviour of TB patients and health service related barriers have been cited to have an influence on the management of the disease in countries with high incidence of TB. Using close and open-ended questionnaires, an assessment of the health seeking behaviour of 302 TB patients selected from 24 DOTS centres in six districts in the Central Region of Ghana was carried out. Under service-related barriers, distance from home to DOTS centre significantly impacted on the management of TB among sufferers (p=0.025). Though not significant, patients acknowledged the good reception by staff at treatment centres with 99.3% of them being comfortable with staff and services provided at centres. Majority (46.7%) of patients perceived TB to be caused by the oral route while only 9.3% knew the causative agent to be bacteria. Compared with males, quite a number of women did not have adequate knowledge on TB (p<0.05). More than half of the respondents sought treatment elsewhere as first point of treatment before reporting to the DOTS centre. Health insurance played an important role in the health seeking behaviour of respondents; 45.9% of TB patients with health insurance visited the health facility as 1 st provider whilst 49.4% without health insurance visited prayer camps (p=0.001). Our study has revealed that factors such as staff attitude, distance to treatment centres, gender, employment and education are key factors that affect the health-seeking behaviour of TB patients in the Central Region of Ghana. tries (Banerji and Andersen, 1963; WHO, 1993). The Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) for the control of TB has been adopted by most countries in the African region including Ghana since 1994. However, by the year 2001 only 68% of the population in the
Aim: To undertake a comparative assessment of healthcare access of people in Ekiti and Kogi State... more Aim: To undertake a comparative assessment of healthcare access of people in Ekiti and Kogi States of Nigeria. This further provided hard data for health program development towards attainment of universal health coverage and health sustainable development goal. Study Design: A comparative research design was employed using questionnaire for data collection. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Ekiti and Kogi States of Nigeria representing Southern and Northern parts of the nation. The fieldwork was conducted in October and December 2019. Methodology: Multistage sampling technique was used starting from random selection of one local government area from each of the three senatorial districts in the two states. From each of the local government areas, five political wards were randomly selected from the existing number of wards. From the selected wards, equal number of 144 sampled respondents were contacted for the structured interviews to make 856 administered...
In Nigeria, the practice of traditional bone setting (TBS) is extensive as in other developing na... more In Nigeria, the practice of traditional bone setting (TBS) is extensive as in other developing nations. Traditional bonesetters play an imperative role in fracture care. Though, the outcome of the intervention of TBS treatment is usually poor with profound effects on the patient in the future. This study seeks to examine the activities of traditional bone setters on fracture care in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Survey method was applied in the study. 250 questionnaires were administered to owners of traditional bone centres and their clients respectively. Ten (10) of such centres were selected for the study in Ekiti. The findings indicated that majority of the bone setters had little or no formal education. Many of them acquired the schema used through ancestral/supernatural power. The TBS lack basic knowledge of investigations and wound care while most of their clients patronized them because of poverty, ignorance and superstitious beliefs. Provision of adequate basic equipment in health ...
Corruption remains the most pervasive social problem in Nigeria. In this paper corruption is view... more Corruption remains the most pervasive social problem in Nigeria. In this paper corruption is viewed as the root cause of non-improvement in the health status of Nigerians produced by comparative failures of huge public health expenditures to achieve the objective of reducing epidemic diseases with the attendant high mortalities. The gap between public health investment and public health outcome is largely accounted for by wasteful public health expenditure which is corruption. Merton’s Structural Functionalist Theory of Anomie is used to analyze health policy and legislation, health procurement, availability and access of health care, budgetary appropriation and release in relations to overall health dysfunctions. The paper concludes that the prevailing high level of corruption in health care processes of Nigeria is a function of decades of moral laxity and weak social structures, and it is only a strong political leadership backed by adequate legal and political structures that wil...
The greatest challenge to child health in sub Saharan Africa is poor immunization service for maj... more The greatest challenge to child health in sub Saharan Africa is poor immunization service for major child illnesses. The World Health Organisation's (WHO) review of the health systems of the World, looking at various health indicators including child mortality, in the year 2003 placed Nigeria in 187 th position among 191 countries, and little has been achieved since then. This paper is an overview of routine immunization in Ekiti State of Nigeria. The State serves as a case for understanding the prospects and challenges of child health care in South Nigeria. The study used qualitative data derived from focus group discussions and key informants and secondary data of state and national surveys. The findings identify factors that account for the relative poor immunization coverage. The salient issues include ignorance and social cost of access to the service. Also the quality of the immunization service: availability to the remote areas, health personnel commitment, and consistent availability account for low coverage. It is concluded and recommended that there is a need for improvement in the supply side of immunization service especially taken the service to the physically and socially marginalized areas and also extend the campaigns for immunizations beyond the current emphasis on Polio vaccination to incorporate other antigens.
There had been differences in the crimes committed by male and female in various stages, througho... more There had been differences in the crimes committed by male and female in various stages, throughout the world. Male criminality became the most significant issue in the literary discussion of crime, which gave female criminality little or no attention. Against this background, this paper looked into disparity in the punishment given to male and female. To achieve this, the samples of 120 respondents were chosen among the inmates, the prison officials, the police and the general public. The findings revealed that preferential treatment only existed in terms of hard labour; that women were not exposed to manual labour as their male counterparts do. Conclusively, equality and fair treatment in all ramifications irrespective of their sex and offence committed were recommended.
Nigeria is having about 17.5 million orphans and Ekiti State the study area contributes about 70,... more Nigeria is having about 17.5 million orphans and Ekiti State the study area contributes about 70,000. This may increase with the prevalence of HIV from one percent to 1.4 percent in the state. This study uses the Orphans Vulnerable Index and Child Status Index to identify and enroll Vulnerable Children (VC) in the two LGAs of focus in order to identify the needs of VC and care givers. A total number of 402 VC were enrolled out of 433 identified from six political wards in the LGAs. There were 51% male and 49% female, 44% and 56% from Ido Osi and Moba LGAs respectively while the age distribution shows that more than 40% of the VC are within 10-14 years of age. Using the CSI scores, more than 65% of the VC has poor access to
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jun 25, 2021
This study investigated the health-seeking and treatment compliance of hypertensive adults in Eki... more This study investigated the health-seeking and treatment compliance of hypertensive adults in Ekiti State, located in southwest Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design with the pretested questionnaire to collect the data. Sampling involved the use of multi-stage procedures and a sample size of 430 survey respondents across two tertiary hospitals and two secondary hospitals to represent the 23 public hospitals in the State. Respondents were male or female hypertensive patients accessing treatment in the sampled health facilities contacted by exit interviews and the snowball method. The mean age of the respondents is 58 years while over 70% have a minimum of secondary school education and are married with children. The study also revealed that an overwhelming percentage of respondents are aware and knowledgeable about hypertension. Awareness of hypertension in terms of knowledge of causes, symptoms, treatment shows a range of 28% and 86%. The lowest is hypertension associated with Red meat, and the highest; is hypertension as a life-threatening disease. Health seeking practices show 93% were placed on hypertensive drugs immediately after diagnosis, 18% taken non-recommended drugs 68% attended to by medical doctors However, 31%, 24%, 8%, and 35% still used branded herbal drugs, locally produced herbs, traditional healer and spiritual therapy respectively. Generally, the level of treatment compliance was 88%. The low awareness of the relationship between food practices and hypertension and the use of unwholesome non-recommended therapy is a call for increased hospital-based and community sensitization for acceptable knowledge and treatment compliance among patients and care providers of hypertension.
Uploads
Papers by oluwadare C.T