Objective Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant associated with beneficial health effects. The... more Objective Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant associated with beneficial health effects. The leaves and flowers are used as traditional drinks and medicines in countries. The current study aimed to investigate H. sabdariffa L. methanolic extract ameliorative potential against carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation, hepatic damage and oxidative stress. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were administered 2.5 ml/kg body weight of CCl 4 by oral gavage to induce oxidative stress 48 hours before administration of 200, 600 to 1000 mg/kg doses of H. sabdariffa methanolic extract to group 3, 4 and 5, respectively for 10 days (n = 5). Group 1 was used as negative control, while group 2 was used as positive-comparative control (2.5 ml/kg CCl 4 ). At the end of the experiment, serum glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and E, MDA, liver damage markers and antioxidant enzymes were analysed in all the groups. Results Carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in experimental rats was evidenced by increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduction in SOD, catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH). H. sabdariffa extract treatment at 600 and 1000 mg/kg doses resulted in significant modulation of antioxidant indices and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05), but failed to demonstrate significant effects in AST, ALT and MDA. There were significant increases (p < 0.05) in the serum vitamin C and E at 600 and 1000mg/kg doses of the extract. The overall results suggest that H. sabdariffa contains bioactive phytochemicals that may improve hepatic status and ameliorate oxidative damage at high doses in carbon tetrachloride intoxication.
The effects of palm oil on oxidative indices of alloxan induced d abetic rabbits were investigate... more The effects of palm oil on oxidative indices of alloxan induced d abetic rabbits were investigated. The result obtained showed that palm oil significantly decreased (P < 0.05), lipid peroxidation in d abetic treated animals. The v tamin C (antioxidant vitamin) level increased signi icantly (P < 0 05) in the supplemented group but decreased signi icantly (P < 0 05) in non supplemented group. The glucose levels in both the diabetic supplemented group and non supplemented group were not significantly dif erent (P > 0 05). The results indicate that pa m oil supplementation decreased the level of lip d peroxidation but increased the level o vitamin C, an indication that palm oil can attenuate oxidative stress generated in diabetic condition. This result may suggest that supplementation of palm oil may be effective in the management of diabetes mellitus.
The aqueous extract of Combretum dolichopentalum leaves were evaluated for its protective activit... more The aqueous extract of Combretum dolichopentalum leaves were evaluated for its protective activity against CCl 4-induced liver damage. The concentration of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w of C. dolichopentalum leaf extract were administered to different group of rats prior to CCl 4 administration. Both 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase when compared to rats administered CCl 4 only. Also the concentration of non-enzyme markers of hepatic dysfunction such as total bilirubin and lipid peroxidation product-malonyldialdehyde was reduced by C. dolichopentalum. But the concentration of total protein and total cholesterol was increased when compared to rats administered CCl 4 only. This finding suggests that C. dolichopentalum leaves possessed rich hepatoprotective principles against CCl 4 induced toxicity of the liver.
Natural plant products have been used in Nigerian folk medicine in the management of sickle cell ... more Natural plant products have been used in Nigerian folk medicine in the management of sickle cell anemia by inhibiting sickling. This work was therefore aimed at investigating the Antisickling potential of the ethanol seed extract of Vigna unguiculata (E1) and Vigna subterranean (E2) used in the Nigerian herbal medicine with a view of proposing an effective herbal recipe for the management of sickle cell disease. Preliminary phytochemistry, sickling inhibition test, sickling reversal test and polymerization test were carried out using standard methods. The phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of saponins, reducing sugar, carbohydrate, fats and oil, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids and proteins in E1 and the presence of flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, fats and oil, resins, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids and proteins in E2. The results of the antisickling test showed that E1 and E2 had significantly (p<0.05) higher antisickling effect than the Hbss control with E1 showing a higher percentage than E2. The percentage sickling reversal effect of E1 was slightly lower than E2 but their reversal of sickling were significantly higher than the control. The result of the polymerization showed that both extracts significantly (p<0.05) increased delayed time before polymerization at 50, 25 and 12% concentrations compared to the control. From the results, the extracts Vigna Unguiculata and Vigna Subterranean have shown to be therapeutically beneficial in the management of sickle cell disease and thus are strongly recommended by this study to be developed into supplements for the management of sickle cell disease.
Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry, Mar 6, 2018
Hyperglycaemia, a characteristic feature of diabetics mellitus leads to decreased antioxidant def... more Hyperglycaemia, a characteristic feature of diabetics mellitus leads to decreased antioxidant defense and hence the development of oxidative stress, which is involved in the aetiology of development of diabetic complications. This work was therefore aimed at evaluating the anti diabetic and antioxidative potential of the plant. These evidences suggest that good glycemic control and/or use of antioxidants may play an important role in the prevention of complications associated with diabetes. Diabetes was induced with single Intra peritoneal injection of alloxan (160 mg/kg b.w) dissolved in freshly prepared citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Oral administration of Kingelia africana (500 mg/kg b.wt) of methanol leaves and fruits extracts resulted in significant (p>0.05) decrease in the blood glucose level, MDA, glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profiles and liver maker enzymes with corresponding increase in SOD activity, catalase activity, glutathione activity, serum protein concentration, and Vit.C concentration. In conclusion, K. africana possessed antioxidative properties evidenced by decrease blood glucose level and its effect on some oxidative parameters of diabetic rats.
Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant enzymes. Many plants met... more Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant enzymes. Many plants metabolites have been shown to possess antioxidant activities, improving the effects of oxidative stress complications in diabetic conditions. This study evaluated the effects of extracts from Newbouldia laevis leaves and stem on liver marker enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in rat model. The results confirmed that the untreated diabetic rats were subjected to oxidative stress as indicated by significantly abnormal activities of their scavenging enzymes (low superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione activities) to the extent of liver enzymes leakage from the hepatocytes when compared with apparently healthy rats. The ethanol extracts of N. laevis leaves and stem possessed antioxidant activity as shown by increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and glutathione levels of the diabetic rats after treatment. High levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), which are typical of oxidative stress condition were differentially ameliorated after treatment with the ethanol extracts of N. laevis leaves and stem in a dose dependent manner.
The pytochemicals, vitamins and mineral constituents of ethanol leaves extract of Piper nigrum wa... more The pytochemicals, vitamins and mineral constituents of ethanol leaves extract of Piper nigrum was investigated in this study. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed that ethanol leaves extract of Piper nigrum contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids while cardiac glycosides were not dictated. The quantitative phytochemical analysis contains: alkaloids (17.27± 0.05 mg/g), steroids (6.06± 0.00 mg/g), terpenoids (6.12 ± 0.03 mg/g), flavonoids (9.54± 0.05 mg/g), tannins (3.23 ± 0.04 mg/g), and saponins (3.68 ± 0.09 mg/g). The following amounts of vitamins and minerals found in the leaves extract; vitamin A (9.80 ± 0.02 mg/100g), vitamin C (12.42 ± 0.07 mg/100g), and vitamin E (7.25 ± 0.03 mg/100g); minerals: Iron (7.28 ± 0.025 mg/100g), magnesium (97.58± 0.03 mg/100g), and selenium (1.60 ± 0.025 mg/100). The results obtained revealed that the plant Piper nigrum is endowed with free radical scavenging molecules and it can be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants in oxidative stressed conditions.
American-Eurasian Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 2014
Black pepper, (Piper nigrum) is one of the plants used as spices in Africa and other parts of the... more Black pepper, (Piper nigrum) is one of the plants used as spices in Africa and other parts of the world. The lethal toxicity and histology assessment of the organs of diabetic rats treated with different doses of Piper nigrum was analyzed. The acute toxicity (LD) test of the ethanol extract of Piper nigrum result 50 showed that the leaves were not toxic up to 5000mg/kg body weight of the extract after 24 h of constant observation, indicating the safety of the leaves for human consumption. The histological sections of the liver and kidney of rats treated with the ethanol leaves extract of Piper nigrum showed no remarkable histological changes compared to group II (Diabetic untreated) which is an indication that Piper nigrum extract is safe and possess no threat to the organs of metabolism.
Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant enzymes. This study eval... more Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant enzymes. This study evaluated the effects of extract from Piper nigrum leaves on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat model. The results confirmed that the untreated diabetic rats (group II) were subjected to oxidative stress as indicated by significant (p<0.05) increase in MDA, significant (p<0.05) decrease in protein levels and abnormal activities of their scavenging enzymes (low superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione activities) when compared with apparently healthy rats (group I). The ethanol extract of Piper nigrum leaves possessed antioxidant activity as shown by increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and glutathione levels of the diabetic rats after 21 days treatment. The study indicates that Piper nigrum contains antioxidant potentials capable of restoring depleted antioxidant levels in oxidative stressed rats.
Protective effects of Brenania brieyi (De Wild) E.M.A.petit root bark fractions against inflammat... more Protective effects of Brenania brieyi (De Wild) E.M.A.petit root bark fractions against inflammatory-mediated hemolysis and dyslipidemia in rats.
Aims: To determine the effect of cooking on proximate, phytochemical constituents and their chang... more Aims: To determine the effect of cooking on proximate, phytochemical constituents and their changes in hematological parameters. Study Design:Determination of proximate and quantitative phytochemical constituents of the cooked and rawT.conophorum (CTC and RTC respectively) nut and the effect of the nut on the hematological indices on male albino rats fed with the cooked and raw diet formulations ofthe nut for 30 days period. Methodology: Rats were divided into six groups of five rats each. Each feed and walnut was weighed and mixed in the ratio of 1:1 before administration. Group A: Normal animal feed, Group B: Mixture of animal feed and cooked nut
The comparative effects of the chloroform extracts of the leaves of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), ... more The comparative effects of the chloroform extracts of the leaves of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) and Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) and fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) on blood glucose concentration and lipid levels of diabetic rats were investigated using standard methods. The results show 74, 82 and 83% reductions in the blood glucose concentrations upon the administration of A. occidentale (100 mg/kg body weight), E. globulus (100 mg/kg body weight) and X. aethiopica (250 mg/kg body weight) extracts respectively as from the 10th hour of treatments in relation to the 74 and 69% reductions in glibenclamide and diabetic untreated groups respectively while the synergic treatment group [A. occidentale + E. globulus (100 mg/kg body weight)] showed 83% decrease in the blood glucose concentration as from the 10th hour upon the administration of the combined extracts when compared with the values obtained for the glibenclamide and diabetic untreated groups. P. guajava extract had the greatest significant (p<0.05) reduction in the total cholesterol concentration of the treated rats. P. guajava + X. aethiopica treatment group in a similar manner showed the most significant (p<0.05) decrease in the triglyceride concentration of the treated rats. Hence, the individual performances of these extracts on blood glucose concentration and blood lipids confirm their ability to reduce blood glucose and diabetic complications.
This study was embarked upon in order to evaluate the effects of the chloroform extracts of the l... more This study was embarked upon in order to evaluate the effects of the chloroform extracts of the leaves of Psidium guajava, Anacardium occidentale and Eucalyptus globulus and fruits of Xylopia aethiopica on hepatic marker enzymes of diabetic rats. The degree of hepatic damage caused by diabetes mellitus and the effects of the extracts were assessed using standard methods for assaying the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). All the extracts significantly (p<0.05) decreased the activities of ALT, AST and ALP with that of the P. guajava being the most protective. In addition, the P. guajava extract exerted more hepatoprotection than glibenclamide in terms of the AST and ALP activities. In conclusion, the chloroform extracts of the leaves of A. occidentale, E. globulus and P. guajava as well as the fruits of X. aethiopica exhibited remarkable protective effects on alloxan-induced acute liver damage and thus, may be used for treatment of some liver-associated disorders.
The leaves of Psidium guajava, Anacardium occidentale, Eucalyptus globulus and fruits of Xylopia ... more The leaves of Psidium guajava, Anacardium occidentale, Eucalyptus globulus and fruits of Xylopia aethiopica are used in the management of diabetes mellitus. The phytochemical constituents as well as the acute toxicity of the combined chloroform extracts (A. occidentale + E. globulus and P. guajava + X. aethiopica) and their effects (at graded doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight each) on the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were therefore, assayed in diabetic and normal rats using standard methods. The phytochemical analyses of the four extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids and fats and oil in all of them. Each of the combined extract was found to be non-toxic even at a dose as high as 5000 mg/kg body weight. The combined extracts at the tested doses significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the activities of ALT, AST and ALP. The effects of the combined extracts (especially 250 mg/kg body weight of P. guajava + X. aethiopica) were better than that of the standard anti-diabetic drug [glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight)]. The results generally indicate that the combined chloroform extracts of the leaves of A. occidentale, E. globulus, P. guajava and fruits of X. aethiopica might be adopted for the management and/or amelioration of diabetes mellitus and its accompanying complications.
This work evaluated the effects of different doses of the human urine on normal and alloxaninduce... more This work evaluated the effects of different doses of the human urine on normal and alloxaninduced diabetic rats. The experimental design comprises of five (5) groups of four (4) animals each. At the end of the treatment period, blood glucose levels, protein, MDA, catalase, Glutathione and vitamin C concentrations were determined in both the normal and diabetic rats. Oral administration of low and higher doses (5ml/kg and 10 ml/kg) of human urine for 7 days resulted in significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose and protein concentrations of the diabetic rats compared to the untreated diabetic rats. However, the catalase concentration of the rats treated with (5ml/kg and 10 ml/kg) of human urine showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase compared to the untreated diabetic rats. This results show that human urine has great potentials of increasing the ascorbic acid concentration of diabetic rats treated with standard drug, 5ml/kg and 10ml/kg of urine when compared to diabeti...
Objective Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant associated with beneficial health effects. The... more Objective Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant associated with beneficial health effects. The leaves and flowers are used as traditional drinks and medicines in countries. The current study aimed to investigate H. sabdariffa L. methanolic extract ameliorative potential against carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation, hepatic damage and oxidative stress. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were administered 2.5 ml/kg body weight of CCl 4 by oral gavage to induce oxidative stress 48 hours before administration of 200, 600 to 1000 mg/kg doses of H. sabdariffa methanolic extract to group 3, 4 and 5, respectively for 10 days (n = 5). Group 1 was used as negative control, while group 2 was used as positive-comparative control (2.5 ml/kg CCl 4 ). At the end of the experiment, serum glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and E, MDA, liver damage markers and antioxidant enzymes were analysed in all the groups. Results Carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in experimental rats was evidenced by increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduction in SOD, catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH). H. sabdariffa extract treatment at 600 and 1000 mg/kg doses resulted in significant modulation of antioxidant indices and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05), but failed to demonstrate significant effects in AST, ALT and MDA. There were significant increases (p < 0.05) in the serum vitamin C and E at 600 and 1000mg/kg doses of the extract. The overall results suggest that H. sabdariffa contains bioactive phytochemicals that may improve hepatic status and ameliorate oxidative damage at high doses in carbon tetrachloride intoxication.
The effects of palm oil on oxidative indices of alloxan induced d abetic rabbits were investigate... more The effects of palm oil on oxidative indices of alloxan induced d abetic rabbits were investigated. The result obtained showed that palm oil significantly decreased (P < 0.05), lipid peroxidation in d abetic treated animals. The v tamin C (antioxidant vitamin) level increased signi icantly (P < 0 05) in the supplemented group but decreased signi icantly (P < 0 05) in non supplemented group. The glucose levels in both the diabetic supplemented group and non supplemented group were not significantly dif erent (P > 0 05). The results indicate that pa m oil supplementation decreased the level of lip d peroxidation but increased the level o vitamin C, an indication that palm oil can attenuate oxidative stress generated in diabetic condition. This result may suggest that supplementation of palm oil may be effective in the management of diabetes mellitus.
The aqueous extract of Combretum dolichopentalum leaves were evaluated for its protective activit... more The aqueous extract of Combretum dolichopentalum leaves were evaluated for its protective activity against CCl 4-induced liver damage. The concentration of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w of C. dolichopentalum leaf extract were administered to different group of rats prior to CCl 4 administration. Both 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase when compared to rats administered CCl 4 only. Also the concentration of non-enzyme markers of hepatic dysfunction such as total bilirubin and lipid peroxidation product-malonyldialdehyde was reduced by C. dolichopentalum. But the concentration of total protein and total cholesterol was increased when compared to rats administered CCl 4 only. This finding suggests that C. dolichopentalum leaves possessed rich hepatoprotective principles against CCl 4 induced toxicity of the liver.
Natural plant products have been used in Nigerian folk medicine in the management of sickle cell ... more Natural plant products have been used in Nigerian folk medicine in the management of sickle cell anemia by inhibiting sickling. This work was therefore aimed at investigating the Antisickling potential of the ethanol seed extract of Vigna unguiculata (E1) and Vigna subterranean (E2) used in the Nigerian herbal medicine with a view of proposing an effective herbal recipe for the management of sickle cell disease. Preliminary phytochemistry, sickling inhibition test, sickling reversal test and polymerization test were carried out using standard methods. The phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of saponins, reducing sugar, carbohydrate, fats and oil, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids and proteins in E1 and the presence of flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, fats and oil, resins, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids and proteins in E2. The results of the antisickling test showed that E1 and E2 had significantly (p<0.05) higher antisickling effect than the Hbss control with E1 showing a higher percentage than E2. The percentage sickling reversal effect of E1 was slightly lower than E2 but their reversal of sickling were significantly higher than the control. The result of the polymerization showed that both extracts significantly (p<0.05) increased delayed time before polymerization at 50, 25 and 12% concentrations compared to the control. From the results, the extracts Vigna Unguiculata and Vigna Subterranean have shown to be therapeutically beneficial in the management of sickle cell disease and thus are strongly recommended by this study to be developed into supplements for the management of sickle cell disease.
Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry, Mar 6, 2018
Hyperglycaemia, a characteristic feature of diabetics mellitus leads to decreased antioxidant def... more Hyperglycaemia, a characteristic feature of diabetics mellitus leads to decreased antioxidant defense and hence the development of oxidative stress, which is involved in the aetiology of development of diabetic complications. This work was therefore aimed at evaluating the anti diabetic and antioxidative potential of the plant. These evidences suggest that good glycemic control and/or use of antioxidants may play an important role in the prevention of complications associated with diabetes. Diabetes was induced with single Intra peritoneal injection of alloxan (160 mg/kg b.w) dissolved in freshly prepared citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Oral administration of Kingelia africana (500 mg/kg b.wt) of methanol leaves and fruits extracts resulted in significant (p>0.05) decrease in the blood glucose level, MDA, glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profiles and liver maker enzymes with corresponding increase in SOD activity, catalase activity, glutathione activity, serum protein concentration, and Vit.C concentration. In conclusion, K. africana possessed antioxidative properties evidenced by decrease blood glucose level and its effect on some oxidative parameters of diabetic rats.
Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant enzymes. Many plants met... more Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant enzymes. Many plants metabolites have been shown to possess antioxidant activities, improving the effects of oxidative stress complications in diabetic conditions. This study evaluated the effects of extracts from Newbouldia laevis leaves and stem on liver marker enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in rat model. The results confirmed that the untreated diabetic rats were subjected to oxidative stress as indicated by significantly abnormal activities of their scavenging enzymes (low superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione activities) to the extent of liver enzymes leakage from the hepatocytes when compared with apparently healthy rats. The ethanol extracts of N. laevis leaves and stem possessed antioxidant activity as shown by increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and glutathione levels of the diabetic rats after treatment. High levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), which are typical of oxidative stress condition were differentially ameliorated after treatment with the ethanol extracts of N. laevis leaves and stem in a dose dependent manner.
The pytochemicals, vitamins and mineral constituents of ethanol leaves extract of Piper nigrum wa... more The pytochemicals, vitamins and mineral constituents of ethanol leaves extract of Piper nigrum was investigated in this study. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed that ethanol leaves extract of Piper nigrum contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids while cardiac glycosides were not dictated. The quantitative phytochemical analysis contains: alkaloids (17.27± 0.05 mg/g), steroids (6.06± 0.00 mg/g), terpenoids (6.12 ± 0.03 mg/g), flavonoids (9.54± 0.05 mg/g), tannins (3.23 ± 0.04 mg/g), and saponins (3.68 ± 0.09 mg/g). The following amounts of vitamins and minerals found in the leaves extract; vitamin A (9.80 ± 0.02 mg/100g), vitamin C (12.42 ± 0.07 mg/100g), and vitamin E (7.25 ± 0.03 mg/100g); minerals: Iron (7.28 ± 0.025 mg/100g), magnesium (97.58± 0.03 mg/100g), and selenium (1.60 ± 0.025 mg/100). The results obtained revealed that the plant Piper nigrum is endowed with free radical scavenging molecules and it can be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants in oxidative stressed conditions.
American-Eurasian Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 2014
Black pepper, (Piper nigrum) is one of the plants used as spices in Africa and other parts of the... more Black pepper, (Piper nigrum) is one of the plants used as spices in Africa and other parts of the world. The lethal toxicity and histology assessment of the organs of diabetic rats treated with different doses of Piper nigrum was analyzed. The acute toxicity (LD) test of the ethanol extract of Piper nigrum result 50 showed that the leaves were not toxic up to 5000mg/kg body weight of the extract after 24 h of constant observation, indicating the safety of the leaves for human consumption. The histological sections of the liver and kidney of rats treated with the ethanol leaves extract of Piper nigrum showed no remarkable histological changes compared to group II (Diabetic untreated) which is an indication that Piper nigrum extract is safe and possess no threat to the organs of metabolism.
Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant enzymes. This study eval... more Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant enzymes. This study evaluated the effects of extract from Piper nigrum leaves on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat model. The results confirmed that the untreated diabetic rats (group II) were subjected to oxidative stress as indicated by significant (p<0.05) increase in MDA, significant (p<0.05) decrease in protein levels and abnormal activities of their scavenging enzymes (low superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione activities) when compared with apparently healthy rats (group I). The ethanol extract of Piper nigrum leaves possessed antioxidant activity as shown by increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and glutathione levels of the diabetic rats after 21 days treatment. The study indicates that Piper nigrum contains antioxidant potentials capable of restoring depleted antioxidant levels in oxidative stressed rats.
Protective effects of Brenania brieyi (De Wild) E.M.A.petit root bark fractions against inflammat... more Protective effects of Brenania brieyi (De Wild) E.M.A.petit root bark fractions against inflammatory-mediated hemolysis and dyslipidemia in rats.
Aims: To determine the effect of cooking on proximate, phytochemical constituents and their chang... more Aims: To determine the effect of cooking on proximate, phytochemical constituents and their changes in hematological parameters. Study Design:Determination of proximate and quantitative phytochemical constituents of the cooked and rawT.conophorum (CTC and RTC respectively) nut and the effect of the nut on the hematological indices on male albino rats fed with the cooked and raw diet formulations ofthe nut for 30 days period. Methodology: Rats were divided into six groups of five rats each. Each feed and walnut was weighed and mixed in the ratio of 1:1 before administration. Group A: Normal animal feed, Group B: Mixture of animal feed and cooked nut
The comparative effects of the chloroform extracts of the leaves of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), ... more The comparative effects of the chloroform extracts of the leaves of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) and Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) and fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) on blood glucose concentration and lipid levels of diabetic rats were investigated using standard methods. The results show 74, 82 and 83% reductions in the blood glucose concentrations upon the administration of A. occidentale (100 mg/kg body weight), E. globulus (100 mg/kg body weight) and X. aethiopica (250 mg/kg body weight) extracts respectively as from the 10th hour of treatments in relation to the 74 and 69% reductions in glibenclamide and diabetic untreated groups respectively while the synergic treatment group [A. occidentale + E. globulus (100 mg/kg body weight)] showed 83% decrease in the blood glucose concentration as from the 10th hour upon the administration of the combined extracts when compared with the values obtained for the glibenclamide and diabetic untreated groups. P. guajava extract had the greatest significant (p<0.05) reduction in the total cholesterol concentration of the treated rats. P. guajava + X. aethiopica treatment group in a similar manner showed the most significant (p<0.05) decrease in the triglyceride concentration of the treated rats. Hence, the individual performances of these extracts on blood glucose concentration and blood lipids confirm their ability to reduce blood glucose and diabetic complications.
This study was embarked upon in order to evaluate the effects of the chloroform extracts of the l... more This study was embarked upon in order to evaluate the effects of the chloroform extracts of the leaves of Psidium guajava, Anacardium occidentale and Eucalyptus globulus and fruits of Xylopia aethiopica on hepatic marker enzymes of diabetic rats. The degree of hepatic damage caused by diabetes mellitus and the effects of the extracts were assessed using standard methods for assaying the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). All the extracts significantly (p<0.05) decreased the activities of ALT, AST and ALP with that of the P. guajava being the most protective. In addition, the P. guajava extract exerted more hepatoprotection than glibenclamide in terms of the AST and ALP activities. In conclusion, the chloroform extracts of the leaves of A. occidentale, E. globulus and P. guajava as well as the fruits of X. aethiopica exhibited remarkable protective effects on alloxan-induced acute liver damage and thus, may be used for treatment of some liver-associated disorders.
The leaves of Psidium guajava, Anacardium occidentale, Eucalyptus globulus and fruits of Xylopia ... more The leaves of Psidium guajava, Anacardium occidentale, Eucalyptus globulus and fruits of Xylopia aethiopica are used in the management of diabetes mellitus. The phytochemical constituents as well as the acute toxicity of the combined chloroform extracts (A. occidentale + E. globulus and P. guajava + X. aethiopica) and their effects (at graded doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight each) on the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were therefore, assayed in diabetic and normal rats using standard methods. The phytochemical analyses of the four extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids and fats and oil in all of them. Each of the combined extract was found to be non-toxic even at a dose as high as 5000 mg/kg body weight. The combined extracts at the tested doses significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently decreased the activities of ALT, AST and ALP. The effects of the combined extracts (especially 250 mg/kg body weight of P. guajava + X. aethiopica) were better than that of the standard anti-diabetic drug [glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight)]. The results generally indicate that the combined chloroform extracts of the leaves of A. occidentale, E. globulus, P. guajava and fruits of X. aethiopica might be adopted for the management and/or amelioration of diabetes mellitus and its accompanying complications.
This work evaluated the effects of different doses of the human urine on normal and alloxaninduce... more This work evaluated the effects of different doses of the human urine on normal and alloxaninduced diabetic rats. The experimental design comprises of five (5) groups of four (4) animals each. At the end of the treatment period, blood glucose levels, protein, MDA, catalase, Glutathione and vitamin C concentrations were determined in both the normal and diabetic rats. Oral administration of low and higher doses (5ml/kg and 10 ml/kg) of human urine for 7 days resulted in significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose and protein concentrations of the diabetic rats compared to the untreated diabetic rats. However, the catalase concentration of the rats treated with (5ml/kg and 10 ml/kg) of human urine showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase compared to the untreated diabetic rats. This results show that human urine has great potentials of increasing the ascorbic acid concentration of diabetic rats treated with standard drug, 5ml/kg and 10ml/kg of urine when compared to diabeti...
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