Numerous factors can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as ... more Numerous factors can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Oxidative stress (OS), a fairly common ND symptom, can be caused by more reactive oxygen species being made. In addition, the pathological state of NDs, which includes a high number of protein aggregates, could make chronic inflammation worse by activating microglia. Carotenoids, often known as “CTs”, are pigments that exist naturally and play a vital role in the prevention of several brain illnesses. CTs are organic pigments with major significance in ND prevention. More than 600 CTs have been discovered in nature, and they may be found in a wide variety of creatures. Different forms of CTs are responsible for the red, yellow, and orange pigments seen in many animals and plants. Because of their unique structure, CTs exhibit a wide range of bioactive effects, such as an...
Recent studies have raised broad safety and health concerns about using of gadolinium contrast ag... more Recent studies have raised broad safety and health concerns about using of gadolinium contrast agents during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance identification of active tumors. In this paper, we developed a deep learning‐based method for three‐dimensional (3D) contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (T1) image synthesis from contrast‐free image(s). The MR images of 1251 patients with glioma from the RSNA‐ASNR‐MICCAI BraTS Challenge 2021 dataset were used in this study. A 3D dense‐dilated residual U‐Net (DD‐Res U‐Net) was developed for contrast‐enhanced T1 image synthesis from contrast‐free image(s). The model was trained on a randomly split training set (n = 800) using a customized loss function and validated on a validation set (n = 200) to improve its generalizability. The generated images were quantitatively assessed against the ground‐truth on a test set (n = 251) using the mean absolute error (MAE), mean‐squared error (MSE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), structural similari...
Industry and space technology have significant issues managing heat energy and controlling mass d... more Industry and space technology have significant issues managing heat energy and controlling mass dispersion. The purpose of this study is to develop motion caused by boundary layer thickness sheets that are increasingly being used in various engineering fields (civil engineering, mechanical, aeronautical, maritime processes and constructions). The activation energy is a critical factor in chemical reactions due to the existence of many applications in gas-cooled reactors, nuclear thermal rockets and liquid-fluoride reactors. This study presents the numerical analysis of activation energy on three dimensional (3D) nanofluid (NFs) motion via Stretching Surface (SS) with nonlinear thermal radiation effect. This is in contrast to the conventional slip condition, convective condition applied at surface. The governing basic equations are translated into nonlinear ODEs by suitable similarity transformations. The relevant boundary value problem was explored for a numerical solution for apply...
Plastic sand paver blocks provide a sustainable alternative by using plastic waste and reducing t... more Plastic sand paver blocks provide a sustainable alternative by using plastic waste and reducing the need for cement. This innovative approach leads to a more sustainable construction sector by promoting environmental preservation. No model or Equation has been devised that can predict the compressive strength of these blocks. This study utilized gene expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP) to develop empirical models to forecast the compressive strength of plastic sand paver blocks (PSPB) comprised of plastic, sand, and fibre in an effort to advance the field. The database contains 135 results for compressive strength with seven input parameters. The R2 values of 0.87 for GEP and 0.91 for MEP for compressive strength reveal a relatively significant relationship between predicted and actual values. MEP outperformed GEP by displaying a higher R2 and lower values for statistical evaluations. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, which revealed t...
PurposeIn this paper, we compare four novel knowledge‐based planning (KBP) algorithms using deep ... more PurposeIn this paper, we compare four novel knowledge‐based planning (KBP) algorithms using deep learning to predict three‐dimensional (3D) dose distributions of head and neck plans using the same patients’ dataset and quantitative assessment metrics.MethodsA dataset of 340 oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy was used in this study, which represents the AAPM OpenKBP – 2020 Grand Challenge dataset. Four 3D convolutional neural network architectures were built. The models were trained on 64% of the data set and validated on 16% for voxel‐wise dose predictions: U‐Net, attention U‐Net, residual U‐Net (Res U‐Net), and attention Res U‐Net. The trained models were then evaluated for their performance on a test data set (20% of the data) by comparing the predicted dose distributions against the ground‐truth using dose statistics and dose‐volume indices.ResultsThe four KBP dose prediction models exhibited promising performance with an averaged mea...
Due to their beneficial characteristics, 1D nanowires have made significant advancements in diffe... more Due to their beneficial characteristics, 1D nanowires have made significant advancements in different realms due to their large surface area, unique surface chemistry, and tunable transport properties. Herein, a comprehensive study of titanium oxide nanowires from titanium (IV) isopropoxide, with the addition of CNTs in the polymeric membrane, has been conducted to form crystals. This method is quite proficient for nanowire synthetization, incorporated with CNTs and polymeric membranes. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used to enhance their properties with polymeric polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF membrane. The concentration ratio of titanium oxide in PVDF membrane was 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15%. The development of titanium oxide nanowires at the nano level shaped, as the emulsion electrospinning created 1D nanowires. The use of an additive makes the membrane more conductive. FT-IR, XRD, EDS, and SEM techniques were used for size, surface geometry, crystalline nature, blend membrane, and thin fi...
During the last decade, the development of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has led to a larg... more During the last decade, the development of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has led to a large range of imaging methods. CBCT has advantages compared to other extraoral radiographic imaging, but its contribution to radiation dose in patients is a point of concern. This study aims to provide a full understanding and determination of absorbed dose and an estimation of effective dose to the thyroid, bone marrow, salivary glands and brain in patients during CBCT examinations and to estimate the radiogenic risk resulting from radiation exposure. In this study, a total of 157 pediatric and adult patients with different indications were investigated at the dental clinic. All procedures were performed using Planmeca ProMax 3D Max. Sensitive organ equivalent doses were estimated using PCXMC software. Organ equivalent doses were also estimated using PCXMC software. The fixed tube voltage was set to 90.0 kVp, the mean tube current was 12.7.0 mA (range: 8.0 to 14.0) and the mean exposure time was 12.5 ± 1.8 s (range: 12.0-16.0). The overall mean patient effective dose was 150.8 μSv (range: 22.4-210.0). Salivary gland equivalent dose was the highest of all the organs measured as no protective shield was used in these patients. Patient doses were slightly higher compared to those in previous studies. Poor patient protection conditions were noted. Staff training is a vital priority regardless of a low dose of CBCT compared to other imaging modalities.
Numerous factors can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as ... more Numerous factors can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Oxidative stress (OS), a fairly common ND symptom, can be caused by more reactive oxygen species being made. In addition, the pathological state of NDs, which includes a high number of protein aggregates, could make chronic inflammation worse by activating microglia. Carotenoids, often known as “CTs”, are pigments that exist naturally and play a vital role in the prevention of several brain illnesses. CTs are organic pigments with major significance in ND prevention. More than 600 CTs have been discovered in nature, and they may be found in a wide variety of creatures. Different forms of CTs are responsible for the red, yellow, and orange pigments seen in many animals and plants. Because of their unique structure, CTs exhibit a wide range of bioactive effects, such as an...
Recent studies have raised broad safety and health concerns about using of gadolinium contrast ag... more Recent studies have raised broad safety and health concerns about using of gadolinium contrast agents during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance identification of active tumors. In this paper, we developed a deep learning‐based method for three‐dimensional (3D) contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (T1) image synthesis from contrast‐free image(s). The MR images of 1251 patients with glioma from the RSNA‐ASNR‐MICCAI BraTS Challenge 2021 dataset were used in this study. A 3D dense‐dilated residual U‐Net (DD‐Res U‐Net) was developed for contrast‐enhanced T1 image synthesis from contrast‐free image(s). The model was trained on a randomly split training set (n = 800) using a customized loss function and validated on a validation set (n = 200) to improve its generalizability. The generated images were quantitatively assessed against the ground‐truth on a test set (n = 251) using the mean absolute error (MAE), mean‐squared error (MSE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), structural similari...
Industry and space technology have significant issues managing heat energy and controlling mass d... more Industry and space technology have significant issues managing heat energy and controlling mass dispersion. The purpose of this study is to develop motion caused by boundary layer thickness sheets that are increasingly being used in various engineering fields (civil engineering, mechanical, aeronautical, maritime processes and constructions). The activation energy is a critical factor in chemical reactions due to the existence of many applications in gas-cooled reactors, nuclear thermal rockets and liquid-fluoride reactors. This study presents the numerical analysis of activation energy on three dimensional (3D) nanofluid (NFs) motion via Stretching Surface (SS) with nonlinear thermal radiation effect. This is in contrast to the conventional slip condition, convective condition applied at surface. The governing basic equations are translated into nonlinear ODEs by suitable similarity transformations. The relevant boundary value problem was explored for a numerical solution for apply...
Plastic sand paver blocks provide a sustainable alternative by using plastic waste and reducing t... more Plastic sand paver blocks provide a sustainable alternative by using plastic waste and reducing the need for cement. This innovative approach leads to a more sustainable construction sector by promoting environmental preservation. No model or Equation has been devised that can predict the compressive strength of these blocks. This study utilized gene expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP) to develop empirical models to forecast the compressive strength of plastic sand paver blocks (PSPB) comprised of plastic, sand, and fibre in an effort to advance the field. The database contains 135 results for compressive strength with seven input parameters. The R2 values of 0.87 for GEP and 0.91 for MEP for compressive strength reveal a relatively significant relationship between predicted and actual values. MEP outperformed GEP by displaying a higher R2 and lower values for statistical evaluations. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, which revealed t...
PurposeIn this paper, we compare four novel knowledge‐based planning (KBP) algorithms using deep ... more PurposeIn this paper, we compare four novel knowledge‐based planning (KBP) algorithms using deep learning to predict three‐dimensional (3D) dose distributions of head and neck plans using the same patients’ dataset and quantitative assessment metrics.MethodsA dataset of 340 oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy was used in this study, which represents the AAPM OpenKBP – 2020 Grand Challenge dataset. Four 3D convolutional neural network architectures were built. The models were trained on 64% of the data set and validated on 16% for voxel‐wise dose predictions: U‐Net, attention U‐Net, residual U‐Net (Res U‐Net), and attention Res U‐Net. The trained models were then evaluated for their performance on a test data set (20% of the data) by comparing the predicted dose distributions against the ground‐truth using dose statistics and dose‐volume indices.ResultsThe four KBP dose prediction models exhibited promising performance with an averaged mea...
Due to their beneficial characteristics, 1D nanowires have made significant advancements in diffe... more Due to their beneficial characteristics, 1D nanowires have made significant advancements in different realms due to their large surface area, unique surface chemistry, and tunable transport properties. Herein, a comprehensive study of titanium oxide nanowires from titanium (IV) isopropoxide, with the addition of CNTs in the polymeric membrane, has been conducted to form crystals. This method is quite proficient for nanowire synthetization, incorporated with CNTs and polymeric membranes. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used to enhance their properties with polymeric polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF membrane. The concentration ratio of titanium oxide in PVDF membrane was 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15%. The development of titanium oxide nanowires at the nano level shaped, as the emulsion electrospinning created 1D nanowires. The use of an additive makes the membrane more conductive. FT-IR, XRD, EDS, and SEM techniques were used for size, surface geometry, crystalline nature, blend membrane, and thin fi...
During the last decade, the development of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has led to a larg... more During the last decade, the development of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has led to a large range of imaging methods. CBCT has advantages compared to other extraoral radiographic imaging, but its contribution to radiation dose in patients is a point of concern. This study aims to provide a full understanding and determination of absorbed dose and an estimation of effective dose to the thyroid, bone marrow, salivary glands and brain in patients during CBCT examinations and to estimate the radiogenic risk resulting from radiation exposure. In this study, a total of 157 pediatric and adult patients with different indications were investigated at the dental clinic. All procedures were performed using Planmeca ProMax 3D Max. Sensitive organ equivalent doses were estimated using PCXMC software. Organ equivalent doses were also estimated using PCXMC software. The fixed tube voltage was set to 90.0 kVp, the mean tube current was 12.7.0 mA (range: 8.0 to 14.0) and the mean exposure time was 12.5 ± 1.8 s (range: 12.0-16.0). The overall mean patient effective dose was 150.8 μSv (range: 22.4-210.0). Salivary gland equivalent dose was the highest of all the organs measured as no protective shield was used in these patients. Patient doses were slightly higher compared to those in previous studies. Poor patient protection conditions were noted. Staff training is a vital priority regardless of a low dose of CBCT compared to other imaging modalities.
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