Papers by natacha carvalho
Total number of vessels totves (#) MS_ms 102 102 91 90 88 83 80-4%-14% MS_fa LSF 98 94 88 86 81 7... more Total number of vessels totves (#) MS_ms 102 102 91 90 88 83 80-4%-14% MS_fa LSF 98 94 88 86 81 76 76 0%-13% Vessel tonnage totgt (thousand GT) MS_ms
The 2012 Annual Economic Report (AER) on the European Union (EU) fishing fleet provides a compreh... more The 2012 Annual Economic Report (AER) on the European Union (EU) fishing fleet provides a comprehensive overview of the latest information available on the structure and economic performance of EU Member States fishing fleets. Results suggest that the total amount of income generated by the EU fishing fleet in 2010 (excluding Greece) was €7 billion. The EU fleet moved from a loss making position to a profitable position in 2010. The total amount of Gross Value Added (GVA), Operating cash flow (OCF) and economic profit/loss generated by the EU fishing fleet in 2010 was €3.4 billion (5.7% increase from 2009), €1.2 billion (39.5% increase from 2009) and €288 million (an increase of over €300 million from 2009) respectively. Profitability indicators -GVA, gross profit and net profit as a proportion of total income -all show improvement from 2009 results. GVA as a proportion of total income has increased steadily from 42% in 2008 to 47% in 2009 to 49% in 2010. Gross profit as a proportion of total income increased from 13% in 2009 to 18% in 2010. Net profit as a proportion of total income increased from negative 0.4% in 2009 to 4% in 2010. Analysis of economic performance by Member State reveals a mixed picture in 2010. 11 out of 21 Member States generated a net profit in 2010, compared to 12 out of 21 in 2009. The data suggest that only 4 Member States produced a negative gross profit in 2010.
This report was reviewed by the STECF by written procedure in October 2015 Edited by Leyla Knittw... more This report was reviewed by the STECF by written procedure in October 2015 Edited by Leyla Knittweis & Natacha Carvalho Report EUR 27555 EN European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen (IPSC)
Fisheries Research, Apr 1, 2015
Fisheries Research, 2020
In most economic sectors, increases in capital (i.e., investments) are often considered virtuous,... more In most economic sectors, increases in capital (i.e., investments) are often considered virtuous, indicating confidence in the future and expected growth. In fisheries, however, investments are often harmful, as they may lead to increases in fleet capacity, which is not desirable considering the fully exploited or overexploited status of most fish stocks (natural capital), and the dissipation of the resource rent (overcapitalisation). In the EU, the number of fishing vessels have been decreasing for many years, but the fishing capacity is often claimed to have increased. In other words, there are less vessels, but the remaining ones have a higher fishing capacity. In this study, we analyse the evolution of the EU fishing industry's investments for the period 2008-2016, and whether these investments have been beneficial. Results show that despite the overall decrease in the number of vessels and their average value, investments in some fleets have increased. Moreover, investment decisions (i.e., whether to invest or disinvest) have been more accurate in recent years, leading to a better economic performance. However, results vary by the scale of the fishing activity (small-scale and large scale fleets) and sea basin (Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea).
Publications Office of the European Union eBooks, 2017
Most fishing fleets include a wide range of vessel types, sizes and gears. The different types of... more Most fishing fleets include a wide range of vessel types, sizes and gears. The different types of fishing operations may vary significantly in their ability to meet policy goals and hence, in order to plan for optimal resource use, knowledge of the overall performance of the different segments in a fishing fleet is essential. This study compares small and large-scale fishing operations in the Azores Archipelago, an outermost region of Portugal consisting of 9 islands situated in the NE Atlantic. The fishing sector, although traditionally characterised by a fleet composed of low capacity and unsophisticated small boats and vessels operating in near-shore waters, underwent a rapid development in the mid-eighties and now offers more sophisticated, offshore fishing vessels. Many fisheries, however, continue to be essentially artisanal, playing a significant role in the regional economy by providing an important source of employment, income and trading opportunities. This study attempts to quantify some of the differences between the small and large-scale fishing sectors in the Azores and examines how the two compare in a number of policy-relevant variables, including employment, total landings, number of individual fishing units, fuel consumption and the amount of catch used for direct human consumption. The analysis is based on socioeconomic surveys of the fishing communities in the Region, as well as, several databases on landings and fleet characteristics. The fishing fleet was divided into small and large-scale according to a set of criteria based on vessel size, gear type, target species and catch value.
Sustainability, Mar 3, 2021
The EU-27 fishing fleet consumed 2.02 billion liters of fuel to catch 4.48 million tons of fish, ... more The EU-27 fishing fleet consumed 2.02 billion liters of fuel to catch 4.48 million tons of fish, valued at €6.7 billion in 2018. The profitability of the EU fishing fleet shows an increasing trend, partly due to the improvements in the energy efficiency and recovery of fish stocks in the North-east Atlantic. Fuel is one of the main expenses fishing fleets have, and therefore, their economic performance remains highly dependent on the fuel price, even if they benefit from a fuel tax exemption. The adoption of the European Green Deal, the revision of the Energy Taxation Directive (ETD), the ongoing World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiation to prohibit harmful fisheries subsidies, and general public opinion are putting pressure to eliminate this tax exemption. This analysis investigates the impacts of the potential elimination of the fuel tax exemption across the different EU fishing fleets and it is discussed to what extent the small-scale, large-scale and distant-water fleets could be affected. This analysis is useful to inform policy-makers and stakeholders on the consequences of the potential elimination of the fuel tax exemption, as well as to discuss potential measures to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts arising from this eventual change in the current regulatory framework.
Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, May 31, 2018
A systematic European Union (EU)-wide data framework for the collection of fisheries data in supp... more A systematic European Union (EU)-wide data framework for the collection of fisheries data in support of the EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) was first implemented in 2002. Since that time, EU data collection regulation has undergone 2 revisions in response to evolving policy needs. The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) is responsible for conducting research and providing advice on fisheries management under the CFP, and since 2005 has worked closely with the Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF). JRC and STECF have an open data policy, and aggregated data submitted by EU member states in response to data calls issued under the provisions of the data collection regulation are published via the website of the STECF. This paper provides an overview of the fisheries data activities carried out by the JRC in support of and in collaboration with the STECF and discusses some of the benefits and drawbacks of such activities.
Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible ... more Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. This report does not necessarily reflect the view of the European Commission and in no way anticipates the Commission's future policy in this area. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet.
Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible ... more Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. This report does not necessarily reflect the view of the European Commission and in no way anticipates the Commission's future policy in this area. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server JRC 84741
Sustainability
Energy prices increased sharply because of the military invasion of Ukraine by Russia in February... more Energy prices increased sharply because of the military invasion of Ukraine by Russia in February 2022, heavily impacting global economies. In 2022, the EU fishing sector paid on average about EUR 0.93 per liter of fuel; at the peak of the crisis in June, it paid EUR 1.2 per liter, around three times the normal average price. High fuel prices jeopardize the viability of the fishing sector, which is largely fuel-intensive and particularly vulnerable to fuel price increases. The European Commission responded with emergency measures, adopting a Temporary Framework for State aid rules and activating the crisis mechanism foreseen under the European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF). This communication aims to examine the economic impact of the high fuel prices and the financial support available to the EU fishing sector to assess the short-term and long-term sustainability of the EU fishing sector.
Aquatic Living Resources
The COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent public health interventions have depressed demand and disrup... more The COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent public health interventions have depressed demand and disrupted supply chains for many fishing businesses. This paper provides an analysis of the COVID-19 impacts on the profitability of the EU fishing fleets. Nowcasting techniques were used to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic performance for the EU fishing fleet in 2020 and 2021. Our results show that the economic impact of COVID-19 on this sector was smaller than initially expected and overall profits remained positive. This was in part due to low fuel prices that reduced operating costs of fishing, and the early response from governments to support the sector. The results vary by fishing fleet, revealing that small-scale fleets and the fleets in the Mediterranean and Black seas have been more impacted than large-scale fleets and the fleets in the Northeast Atlantic.
European Commission, 2016
Assessment of balance indicators for key fleet segments and review of national reports on Member ... more Assessment of balance indicators for key fleet segments and review of national reports on Member States efforts to achieve balance between fleet capacity and fishing opportunities (STECF-13-28) This report was reviewed by the STECF during its 44 th plenary meeting held from 4 to 8 November 2013 in Brussels, Belgium
In 2017, the EU fishing fleet numbered 83 323 vessels with a combined gross tonnage (GT) of 1.56 ... more In 2017, the EU fishing fleet numbered 83 323 vessels with a combined gross tonnage (GT) of 1.56 million tonnes and engine power of 6.3 million kilowatts (kW). Based on data submitted by Member States under the EU MAP, there were 65 567 active vessels in 2017. Direct employment generated by the fleet amounted to 151 981 fishers, corresponding to 107 807 FTEs; on average earning EUR 28 362 in wages annually. The EU fleet* spent 4.8 million days-at-sea and consumed 2.2 billion litres of fuel to land 5.3 million tonnes of seafood with a reported value of EUR 7.6 billion. Revenue (income from landings plus other income), as reported amounted to EUR 7.7 billion while costs incurred by the fleet amounted to EUR 6.4 billion (excludes fishing rights), 11% of which consisted of capital costs and 89% of operating costs. The latter mainly consisted of labour and fuel costs (39% and 16% of costs, respectively). The Gross Value Added (GVA) and gross profit (all excl. subsidies and fishing rights) was estimated at EUR 4.5 billion and almost EUR 2.0 billion, respectively. GVA as a proportion of revenue was estimated at 58% and gross profit margin at 26%. With a total net profit of EUR 1.3 billion in 2017, 17% of the revenue was retained as profit. This publication includes: 1) An structural and economic overview of the EU fishing fleet in 2017, with nowcasts for 2018-2019, and trend analyses for the years 2008-2017/18; 2) A regional analysis of the EU fishing fleet by major sea basin: North Sea & Eastern Arctic, Baltic Sea, North Western Waters, South Western Waters, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, as well as, fleets operating in Other Fishing Regions, covering the EU Outermost Regions and fishing areas outside EU waters and in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, covered by Regional Fisheries Bodies (e.g. NAFO and ICCAT); 3) A detailed structural and economic overview of each EU Member State fishing fleet, including qualitative economic performance assessments for 2017 and nowcasts for 2018 and 2019.JRC.D.2-Water and Marine Resource
As the Commission's in-house science service, the Joint Research Centre's mission is to provide E... more As the Commission's in-house science service, the Joint Research Centre's mission is to provide EU policies with independent, evidence-based scientific and technical support throughout the whole policy cycle. Working in close cooperation with policy Directorates-General, the JRC addresses key societal challenges while stimulating innovation through developing new standards, methods and tools, and sharing and transferring its know-how to the Member States and international community. Key policy areas include: environment and climate change; energy and transport; agriculture and food security; health and consumer protection; information society and digital agenda; safety and security including nuclear; all supported through a cross-cutting and multidisciplinary approach.
Sustainability, 2018
Discarding is a common practice in fisheries. Total discards are estimated to be about 30 million... more Discarding is a common practice in fisheries. Total discards are estimated to be about 30 million tons, representing around 23% of worldwide catches. Discarding is an undesirable practice, not only because of the waste of resources, but also because of its contribution to the overexploitation of fish stocks. Several countries have already established discard bans, to different extents (e.g., Norway, Iceland, Chile, New Zealand). The EU’s landing obligation (discard ban) is a major measure of the latest reform of the Common Fisheries Policy for EU fisheries. It aims to reduce unwanted catches in EU fisheries, by incentivizing improved selectivity and restoring fish stocks to levels that can sustain the maximum production over time without harming the biodiversity and the capacity of future generations to obtain fish. However, banning discards will inevitably induce diverse short- and long-term ecological, economic, and social impacts, which may determine whether the landing obligatio...
Diversity
Invasive alien species are a major worldwide driver of biodiversity change. The current study lis... more Invasive alien species are a major worldwide driver of biodiversity change. The current study lists verified records of non-indigenous species (NIS) in European marine waters until 2020, with the purpose of establishing a baseline, assessing trends, and discussing appropriate threshold values for good environmental status (GES) according to the relevant European legislation. All NIS records were verified by national experts and trends are presented in six-year assessment periods from 1970 to 2020 according to the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Altogether, 874 NIS have been introduced to European marine waters until 2020 with the Mediterranean Sea and North-East Atlantic Ocean hosting most of the introductions. Overall, the number of new introductions has steadily increased since 2000. The annual rate of new introductions reached 21 new NIS in European seas within the last six-year assessment period (2012–2017). This increase is likely due to increased human acti...
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Papers by natacha carvalho