Introduction: Human hip bone sexual dimorphism is an important parameter in determining gender of... more Introduction: Human hip bone sexual dimorphism is an important parameter in determining gender of an unknown hipbone, an important point in Anatomy and Anthropology. Aims & Objectives: To measure the Chilotic index of male and female dried hip bones in local population of Pakistan and determine a useful value to correctly identify male and female hip bones. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at University College of Medicine and Dentistry over a period of six months from October 2022 to Feb 2023. Material & Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 44 (22 male and 22 female) dried hip bones gathered through stratified random sampling with 5% level of significance with desired power of 95%. Chilotic index was calculated after measuring sacral and pelvic parts of Chilotic line with vernier calliper. Data was analysed in SPSS 22, p value ? 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The range for the Chilotic Index for m...
Objective: To histologically observe the effects of hypothyroidism on the hippocampus of neonatal... more Objective: To histologically observe the effects of hypothyroidism on the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Methods: A total of 10 healthy female Wistar rats, between 12-16 weeks old, were randomly divided into 2 groups; Group A was labelled as control and Group B was made hypothyroid by giving 15mg/kg of Propylthiouracyl (PTU) daily mixed in chow. The treatment was continued for a week before they were allowed to mate and conceive, and it was not interrupted throughout pregnancy and delivery until 21st day of lactation. On the 22nd day, 10 pups from each of the two groups were euthanized; 3cc of blood was drawn out from the heart immediately and the brains were scooped out, weighed, fixed in formalin after slicing out the cerebrum along with hippocampus, processed and stained to observe the arrangement and count and number of pyramidal neurons of CA3 region of hippocampus. Results: There was a significant decrease in the brain weights of group B pups (1.21 ± 0.21mg) when compared to th...
It is impossible to overlook the curricular advancements occurring all across the world. The eval... more It is impossible to overlook the curricular advancements occurring all across the world. The evaluation methods should be revised in addition to the course objectives, programmes, and competences. If courses are evaluated the same way they have been in the past, we will not progress in education. We are on the verge of an educational revolution that will fundamentally alter how we educate and assess students. E-portfolios have now become recognized and valued by everyone in medical education and the workplace, including policymakers. For programmatic assessments, E-portfolios are the best supporting document one can use as a qualitative assessment. It can be used in many ways including career planning, assessment, and for structured feedback. E-Portfolio provides a secured database and then there are numerous ways to use this knowledge. It allows a learner to gather and exhibit proof of their accomplishments and proficiency in order to support the modern techniques of academic asses...
Introduction: In COVID-19 pandemic, whole of the medical education faced a paradigm shift. Majori... more Introduction: In COVID-19 pandemic, whole of the medical education faced a paradigm shift. Majority of the medical schools shifted their academics online but fair conduction of assessments was still in question. Around the world, many techniques were applied and one was followed at University Medical and Dental College, Lahore (UCMD). Aims & Objectives: To assess the perception of students about modified version of OSPE (displayed on multimedia) so that to implement the same protocol in future by meeting the SOPs without affecting the academics. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at UCMD, Lahore in year 2021 and was of 6 months duration. Material & Methods:150 students each from first and second year MBBS classes participated in this study. After following the strict SOPs of COVID-19, the students were settled in an auditorium and OSPE was displayed on multimedia screen instead of moving from one station to another as done previously. Feedback was taken from the ...
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic influenced education system worldwide. This change was unusua... more Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic influenced education system worldwide. This change was unusual for both students and anatomists. The present study is conducted to perceive online learning experience of 1st& 2nd year MBBS students in a modular system comparing online SGD & lectures with face to face. Objectives: To assess how medical students of 1st and 2nd year MBBS perceive the experience of learning Anatomy online in an integrated modular system, their attitude towards online small group discussions (SGD) and online Interactive lectures by comparing with face-to-face learning anatomy. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at University College of Medicine, University of Lahore during academic year of 2021 over a period of six months from March 2021. Material & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by using a Questionnaire validated by five medical educationists. The sampling was done by nonprobability convenie...
Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has led to a drastic shift from traditional teaching to e-learnin... more Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has led to a drastic shift from traditional teaching to e-learning using various strategies. Awareness and feedback of faculty regarding online education is essential to identify major challenges in online teaching, which will ultimately be helpful in making the online learning methods more effective. Aims & Objectives: To assess perceptions of medical faculty about students' e-learning and teaching of Anatomy in medical colleges of Lahore. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at seven medical institutes of Lahore & study was conducted from December 2020 to August 2021 (9 months). Material & Methods: Based on Descriptive, cross-sectional design and using convenient sampling Thirty-seven (37) faculty members including demonstrators & Professorial staff from Anatomy Department were selected from different medical colleges of Lahore. Self-administered 2-part questionnaire form was given to participants for data collection after taking...
Talus & Calcaneum are involved in the transmission of body weight to the ground, considerable var... more Talus & Calcaneum are involved in the transmission of body weight to the ground, considerable variation in the morphological features and weight of these bones have been reported by various authors. Objectives: To determine the importance of bone weight as a discriminative factor in identification of sex. Material and Method: 198 calcanei and 150 tali from Anatomy department of Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur were selected for the study. Mean weight of male & female bones on right & left side were determined. To increase the efficacy of the results they were statistically reevaluated by applying ±3SD and determining a calculated range. From this range, D.P. or demarcating points were established. Results: Bones of the right side were found to be heavier than those of the left side; also the mean weights of the male bones were greater than those of the female bones. On applying D.P.s it was possible to identify sex with greater accuracy than with other metrical criteria. Conclusion: These findings suggest that weight of tarsal bones is a useful metrical feature for sex determination.
Introduction: Human hip bone sexual dimorphism is an important parameter in determining gender of... more Introduction: Human hip bone sexual dimorphism is an important parameter in determining gender of an unknown hipbone, an important point in Anatomy and Anthropology. Aims & Objectives: To measure the Chilotic index of male and female dried hip bones in local population of Pakistan and determine a useful value to correctly identify male and female hip bones. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at University College of Medicine and Dentistry over a period of six months from October 2022 to Feb 2023. Material & Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 44 (22 male and 22 female) dried hip bones gathered through stratified random sampling with 5% level of significance with desired power of 95%. Chilotic index was calculated after measuring sacral and pelvic parts of Chilotic line with vernier calliper. Data was analysed in SPSS 22, p value ? 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The range for the Chilotic Index for m...
Objective: To histologically observe the effects of hypothyroidism on the hippocampus of neonatal... more Objective: To histologically observe the effects of hypothyroidism on the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Methods: A total of 10 healthy female Wistar rats, between 12-16 weeks old, were randomly divided into 2 groups; Group A was labelled as control and Group B was made hypothyroid by giving 15mg/kg of Propylthiouracyl (PTU) daily mixed in chow. The treatment was continued for a week before they were allowed to mate and conceive, and it was not interrupted throughout pregnancy and delivery until 21st day of lactation. On the 22nd day, 10 pups from each of the two groups were euthanized; 3cc of blood was drawn out from the heart immediately and the brains were scooped out, weighed, fixed in formalin after slicing out the cerebrum along with hippocampus, processed and stained to observe the arrangement and count and number of pyramidal neurons of CA3 region of hippocampus. Results: There was a significant decrease in the brain weights of group B pups (1.21 ± 0.21mg) when compared to th...
It is impossible to overlook the curricular advancements occurring all across the world. The eval... more It is impossible to overlook the curricular advancements occurring all across the world. The evaluation methods should be revised in addition to the course objectives, programmes, and competences. If courses are evaluated the same way they have been in the past, we will not progress in education. We are on the verge of an educational revolution that will fundamentally alter how we educate and assess students. E-portfolios have now become recognized and valued by everyone in medical education and the workplace, including policymakers. For programmatic assessments, E-portfolios are the best supporting document one can use as a qualitative assessment. It can be used in many ways including career planning, assessment, and for structured feedback. E-Portfolio provides a secured database and then there are numerous ways to use this knowledge. It allows a learner to gather and exhibit proof of their accomplishments and proficiency in order to support the modern techniques of academic asses...
Introduction: In COVID-19 pandemic, whole of the medical education faced a paradigm shift. Majori... more Introduction: In COVID-19 pandemic, whole of the medical education faced a paradigm shift. Majority of the medical schools shifted their academics online but fair conduction of assessments was still in question. Around the world, many techniques were applied and one was followed at University Medical and Dental College, Lahore (UCMD). Aims & Objectives: To assess the perception of students about modified version of OSPE (displayed on multimedia) so that to implement the same protocol in future by meeting the SOPs without affecting the academics. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at UCMD, Lahore in year 2021 and was of 6 months duration. Material & Methods:150 students each from first and second year MBBS classes participated in this study. After following the strict SOPs of COVID-19, the students were settled in an auditorium and OSPE was displayed on multimedia screen instead of moving from one station to another as done previously. Feedback was taken from the ...
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic influenced education system worldwide. This change was unusua... more Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic influenced education system worldwide. This change was unusual for both students and anatomists. The present study is conducted to perceive online learning experience of 1st& 2nd year MBBS students in a modular system comparing online SGD & lectures with face to face. Objectives: To assess how medical students of 1st and 2nd year MBBS perceive the experience of learning Anatomy online in an integrated modular system, their attitude towards online small group discussions (SGD) and online Interactive lectures by comparing with face-to-face learning anatomy. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at University College of Medicine, University of Lahore during academic year of 2021 over a period of six months from March 2021. Material & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by using a Questionnaire validated by five medical educationists. The sampling was done by nonprobability convenie...
Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has led to a drastic shift from traditional teaching to e-learnin... more Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has led to a drastic shift from traditional teaching to e-learning using various strategies. Awareness and feedback of faculty regarding online education is essential to identify major challenges in online teaching, which will ultimately be helpful in making the online learning methods more effective. Aims & Objectives: To assess perceptions of medical faculty about students' e-learning and teaching of Anatomy in medical colleges of Lahore. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at seven medical institutes of Lahore & study was conducted from December 2020 to August 2021 (9 months). Material & Methods: Based on Descriptive, cross-sectional design and using convenient sampling Thirty-seven (37) faculty members including demonstrators & Professorial staff from Anatomy Department were selected from different medical colleges of Lahore. Self-administered 2-part questionnaire form was given to participants for data collection after taking...
Talus & Calcaneum are involved in the transmission of body weight to the ground, considerable var... more Talus & Calcaneum are involved in the transmission of body weight to the ground, considerable variation in the morphological features and weight of these bones have been reported by various authors. Objectives: To determine the importance of bone weight as a discriminative factor in identification of sex. Material and Method: 198 calcanei and 150 tali from Anatomy department of Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur were selected for the study. Mean weight of male & female bones on right & left side were determined. To increase the efficacy of the results they were statistically reevaluated by applying ±3SD and determining a calculated range. From this range, D.P. or demarcating points were established. Results: Bones of the right side were found to be heavier than those of the left side; also the mean weights of the male bones were greater than those of the female bones. On applying D.P.s it was possible to identify sex with greater accuracy than with other metrical criteria. Conclusion: These findings suggest that weight of tarsal bones is a useful metrical feature for sex determination.
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