Papers by gordon mulligan
Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers, 2004
Inflation is the rate at which the price of a basket of goods and services increases over time. T... more Inflation is the rate at which the price of a basket of goods and services increases over time. This study investigates urban inflation in the U.S. during the time period 1990-2000. Data collected by local chamber of commerce offices are analyzed for 56 goods and services across 171 cities in the 48 lower states. These ACCRA data are noted for their geographic coverage, although questions arise about their acquisition and aggregation. Six different categories of goods and services are highlighted: groceries, housing, utilities, transportation, health, and miscellaneous. During the 1990s, overall prices increased by 35.8 percent (across all 171 cities), ranging between 32.2 percent (7 cities) in the Mid-Atlantic states and 41.0 percent (21 cities) in the West North Central states. Even more extreme geographic variation occurred in several of the six categories of goods and services (e.g., utilities). Multivariate techniques are used to identify the latent patterns of inflation and to cluster cities together according to their similarity in these latent patterns. Ten clusters of cities are identified for purposes of discussion. Regional patterns in urban inflation are very apparent; for example, in one cluster of 20 cities, half of the cities are found in the Pacific states.
Southeastern Geographer, 2014
American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2002
The editors, all widely known in the fields of resource economics and rural development, have ass... more The editors, all widely known in the fields of resource economics and rural development, have assembled a collection of 20 chapters on targeting regional economic development (TRED) in the U.S. This volume, the 44th of the Routledge Studies in Global Competition, focuses on prospects for business growth, especially in non-metropolitan areas. The book has four main purposes: to review current thinking on industry targeting, to clarify the theory behind such targeting, to provide alternative methods for this targeting, and to assist practitioners in using the TRED approach. The thoughts of some 30 contributors are arranged accordingly. Well before the financial meltdown of fall 2008, many public officials in the U.S. already faced great pressures to "improve" local economic conditions. These same elected leaders also have strong incentives to be visible at project openings and ribbon-cutting ceremonies. As a consequence, literally thousands of local-, county-, and state-level subsidies, grants, and tax holidays have been issued in the hopes of attracting "new" businesses. The academic community has reinforced this practice by persistently claiming to be able to assist, if not guide, local and regional development practitioners. In recent times, Michael Porter's ideas on industry clusters have provided most of the ammunition for this claim. The editors suggest that now is an appropriate moment "to reevaluate the role of the public sector in identifying potential businesses to target for development" (p. 2). But events today suggest that politics will trump economics in determining regional patterns of firm growth and relocation for quite some time. After a short overview, five chapters are devoted to background issues. For readers new to TRED, these will be very useful: diverse terms like the Washington Consensus, export-led development, neoclassical theory, value chain, and business climate are highlighted, but most of the attention is given to industry clusters. Numerous references, many of them very current, are provided, and the contributors are not excessively self-referential. Porter's view that true regional comparative advantage lies in creating a culture of innovation is endorsed throughout. Industry clusters, or geographic concentrations of interconnected businesses, are seen to be not only descriptive of success in regional development but prescriptive for long-term development. Traditional targeting favors subsidies and protection; cluster targeting instead favors productivity improvement. The emergence of
This paper presents a locational analysis of growth and change within the American constellation ... more This paper presents a locational analysis of growth and change within the American constellation of metropolitan areas. It begins with the premise that the development process happens in two interconnected ways: Via demand-induced growth, which is driven by economic opportunity, and supply-induced growth, which is driven by personal preference. The nature and spatial outcome of these mechanisms are investigated by estimating a series of three-equation regional adjustment models wherein changes in population density, employment density, and the average annual wage are endogenously determined. In order to account for spatial dependence in the development process, each model is specified with spatial lags of its three dependent variables and is estimated using a spatial two-stage least squares technique. The results of the analysis illustrate the evolving nature of the adjustment process and yield insight into the land use patterns that it produces.
The Canadian journal of regional science = La revue canadienne des sciences régionales
is to be commended for his investigations of how research and scholarship are actu ally practiced... more is to be commended for his investigations of how research and scholarship are actu ally practiced. In geogra phy, his home discipline, he has revisited the origins of the so-called scientific and quantitative revolution. So it is only natural that he should turn his curiosity to the origins of region al science. In this paper, which was delivered with much eloquence and passion (I arrive d just in time to hear th e second half), Barnes again exhibits enviable skill in capturing the personalities and events of past tim es. Righ tfully so, h e devote s much of his atten tion to Walter Isard, who made indispensable intellectual and institutional contributions to regional science from the mid 1950s to the early 1980s, when his interests turned to peace studies. Barnes weaves a Spen gler-like "rise and fall" motif across three different entities-the person (Isard), the project (regional science), and the nation (America). These three agents are structural substitutes in a story a bout Isard 's remark able professional life and the beginnings of regional science at 3718 Locust Walk during the more innocent and upbeat days of the immediate post-WW II era. But, curiously enough, the story is truncated in the early 1980s when a number of prominent geographers-like Barnes, all from Britain-explicitly or implicitly renoun ce region al science. F urtherm ore, the story is in part unsatisfy ing beca use it remains so one-sided-we never do get a view of the ever-widening rift between geography and regional science from a regiona l scientist. So, at the end of the paper, this reader was left with three nagging questions. First, what else could have contributed to this rift between
Papers in Regional Science
Contributions to Economic Analysis, 2004
This chapter assesses the recent multidisciplinary research on urban quality of life. Amenities, ... more This chapter assesses the recent multidisciplinary research on urban quality of life. Amenities, or site-specific benefits, drive the relocation of households and firms at both the interurban and intraurban scales. Consequently, cities or neighborhoods can be rank-ordered by their levels of amenities. Quality of life is known to affect business location decisions and to play an increasing role in local economic development plans. Urban deprivation is also addressed and its relationships with crime are briefly explored. Using the perspective of real estate capitalization, the debate between growth control and growth management is summarized.
Economic Development Quarterly
Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers, 2002
Social scientists are showing renewed interest in quality of life (QOL) issues at a variety of ge... more Social scientists are showing renewed interest in quality of life (QOL) issues at a variety of geographic scales. David Smith's (1973) study of social well-being across the continental U.S. states is now recognized as being a landmark among the earlier contributions. Using an array of 47 variables spread across six major categories (income, housing, health, education, social disorganization, alien ation and participation), Smith attempted to capture the wide diversity of factors that comprise QOL. In this paper, we update Smith's data set to the present and fully replicate his analysis. We begin by pursuing his initial line of inquiry, computing standard scores for the same six QOL categories and then rank-ordering the states according to both their category-specific and their overall performances. Then we follow Smith's second line of inquiry, ap plying well-known multivariate techniques in order to allocate the states to a small number of relatively homogeneous groups. A re markable degree of QOL stability-both in the state rankings and in the state groupings-is our main finding, although there are cases of exceptional change. The correlation coefficient between state-level QOL in 1970 and state-level QOL in 2000 is remarkably high (r = 0.872), although the degree of stability is much higher in some QOL categories (income and housing) than in others (social disorganization, alienation and participation). Based on the over all standard scores-capturing QOL performance across all 47 variables-the biggest state losers (e.g., Arizona and California) were generally found in the nation's Southwest and Midwest, and the biggest state winners (e.g., North Carolina and Vermont) were generally found in the nation's Northeast and South.
Urban Geography, 1998
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms &
The Annals of Regional Science, 2004
Shift-share analysis is an accounting procedure that identifies three separate effects for region... more Shift-share analysis is an accounting procedure that identifies three separate effects for regional employment change. But the analysis is ordinarily restricted to only one category: usually, industry employment. This paper presents a new shift-share model that simultaneously addresses both occupation employment and industry employment. Community-level occupationin-industry employment effects (both mix and competitive) occurring in the 1980s are then used to estimate population change in the 1990s. Separate estimates are given for two data sets comprised of different-sized nonmetropolitan U.S. communities-small towns and micropolitan centers. This expanded two-category model is shown to generate estimates that are clearly superior to those of the traditional one-category model.
Social Science Computer Review, 2007
The present research examines a structural model of violent crime in Portland, Oregon, exploring ... more The present research examines a structural model of violent crime in Portland, Oregon, exploring spatial patterns of both crime and its covariates. Using standard structural measures drawn from an opportunity framework, the study provides results from a global ordinary least squares model, assumed to fit for all locations within the study area. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is then introduced as an alternative to such traditional approaches to modeling crime. The GWR procedure estimates a local model, producing a set of mappable parameter estimates and t-values of significance that vary over space. Several structural measures are found to have relationships with crime that vary significantly with location. Results indicate that a mixed model— with both spatially varying and fixed parameters—may provide the most accurate model of crime. The present study demonstrates the utility of GWR for exploring local processes that drive crime levels and examining misspecification of ...
Regional Science Policy & Practice, 2013
Many local and regional practitioners still use the single multiplier version of economic (export... more Many local and regional practitioners still use the single multiplier version of economic (export) base analysis in project assessments. However, dependable estimates of this multiplier require that the division of total activity into its export (basic) and local (non-basic) components be reasonably accurate across all industries. This paper compares the economic base multiplier that is generated by a shortcut approach, one calibrated by the Arizona Community Data Set (ACDS), with that generated by the popular IMPLAN input-output model. The comparison is made across 577 micropolitan (all non-metropolitan) US counties in the year 2000. Although the two approaches are not at all similar they generate comparable economic base multipliers. Moreover, various regional attributes, like human capital and specialization, affect the two multiplier estimates in much the same way.
Regional Science and Urban Economics, 1980
Hierarchical ctt}-slte models based upon the tenets of central place theor} ha~e recentl 3 become... more Hierarchical ctt}-slte models based upon the tenets of central place theor} ha~e recentl 3 become an tmportant research topic m urban-regional economtc~ It ~,, the am~ of tl-as paper to examine one such model m a eomparatlxe staucs framework Some general pohcy tonslderat~on~ follov~ the analys~s
Real Estate Economics, 2003
The Professional Geographer, 2002
In many industries, insufficient attention has been given to how location affects prices. One suc... more In many industries, insufficient attention has been given to how location affects prices. One such industry is lodging. This article examines room rates for budget hotels and motels in four southwestern U.S. states during 1998. Using hedonic analysis, published prices are estimated for nearly 600 establishments belonging to six national chains. OLS regression uncovers how site attributes (pools, spas, and complimentary breakfasts) and situation attributes (temperature, interstate location, and specialization of the local economy) affect room rates. Prices for overnight stays during summer and winter seasons are examined. Differential effects of site and situation attributes on price heterogeneity are discussed.
Uploads
Papers by gordon mulligan