Papers by mohinder bakshi
The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
This study was taken up to assess the effect of supplementing Macrotyloma uniflorum (an herbal fe... more This study was taken up to assess the effect of supplementing Macrotyloma uniflorum (an herbal feed additive; HFA) on nutrient utilization, productive performance and meat quality of goat kids. Eight male Beetal goat kids (5 months old; body weight 14.05±0.41 kg) divided in to 2 equal groups were either fed a control total mixed ration (TMR) containing concentrate and green fodder in 50: 50 ratio on DM basis or control TMR supplemented with M. uniflorum @ 2.0% of DM intake for 90 days. Simultaneously, rumen studies were conducted on three rumen fistulated male bucks. Higher total-N, trichloroacetic acid precipitable nitrogen (TCA-N) and nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) concentration was observed in strained rumen contents (SRC) of animals fed M. uniflorum supplemented TMR as compared to control. Supplementation of TMR with M. uniflorum increased the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and fermentation efficiency while efficiency of conversion of hexose to methane decreased in M. unif...
The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
Macrotyloma uniflorum (kulthi) seeds, Asparagus racemosus (shatavari) roots or Acacia concina (sh... more Macrotyloma uniflorum (kulthi) seeds, Asparagus racemosus (shatavari) roots or Acacia concina (shikakai) pods were supplemented to total mixed rations (TMR) @ 0-3% (on DM basis) to assess the impact of herbal feed additives (HFAs) on the in vitro rumen fermentation pattern. The saponin content and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl- hydrate (DPHH) antioxidant activity was highest in A. racemosus than other HFAs. But total phenols, non tannin phenols, true tannins, condensed tannins, vitamin C and flavanoid contents were highest inM. uniflorum and lowest in A. concina. The dose/level of supplementation of HFAs, irrespective of their nature did not affect net gas production (NGP) and availability of metabolizable energy (ME) from TMR, but digestibility of nutrients and partitioning factor (PF) decreased in comparison to the unsupplemented group. The total and individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production; and acetate to propionate ratio was improved when the TMR was supplemented with ...
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2019
Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2012
The present study was conducted to assess the effect of rations containing different levels of me... more The present study was conducted to assess the effect of rations containing different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) and rumen undegradable protein (UDP) supplemented with vitamins on the productive performance of crossbred cows during transition phase. Twenty four crossbred dairy cows divided into 4 equal groups were offered iso-nitrogenous complete feeds containing either LME-LUDP (ME-100% of NRC and UDP-24% of CP), MME-LUDP (ME-110% of NRC and UDP-24% of CP), HME-LUDP (ME-120% of NRC and UDP-24% of CP) or HME-HUDP-V (ME-120% of NRC, UDP-40% of CP supplemented with biotin, niacin and vitamin E) from 40 days pre-partum through 100 days post partum. The blood and spot urine samples were collected on -40, -30, -20, -10, -5, -3, 0, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100 days post calving. The DM consumption (irrespective of the stage of transition phase) by cows in HME-HUDP-V group was higher (P 0.05) were higher in HME-HUDP-V group as compared to other groups. The blood profile wa...
Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2014
The study was taken up to assess the nutritional worth of swine waste (faeces) in the ration of b... more The study was taken up to assess the nutritional worth of swine waste (faeces) in the ration of buffaloes. The sundried swine excreta was observed to be a good source of nutrients viz. CP (17.88%), Ca (1.97%) and P (1.08%). The digestion kinetic parameters for DM of sundried swine waste assessed by in sacco technique revealed that sundried swine waste had 51.39% total degradable fractions, 45.06% effective and 63.71% true degradability. Keeping in view the promising preliminary in-sacco evaluation, the sundried swine waste was evaluated in the ration of buffaloes. Eight, 4–5 yr old male Murrah buffaloes of 450.8±4.8 kg body weight were randomly distributed into 2 equal groups. Animals in both the groups were fed iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric ration containing 2 kg either conventional concentrate mixture or concentrate mixture containing 30% swine waste supplemented with ad-lib naturally fermented wheat straw with urea for 9 days and 2 kg available green fodder. The daily DM intake...
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2019
To assess the effect of herbal extracts on nutrient utilization, enteric methane emission and gro... more To assess the effect of herbal extracts on nutrient utilization, enteric methane emission and growth performance, 15 growing Murrah male buffaloes were divided into 3 groups and offered control diet (total mixed ration; roughage:concentrate ratio 65:35), control diet supplemented with Punica granatum or Tecomella undulata extract at 2% of dry matter intake (DMI) for 90 days. The supplementation of herbal extracts did not alter DMI and nutrient digestibility, however the tendency (P = 0.058) to higher nitrogen retention was observed in groups fed diets supplemented with P. granatum (72.9 g/day) and T. undulata extract (70.6 g/day) in comparison to control (64.3 g/day) group. No negative impact was seen as indicated by blood profile, which was within the physiological range. Supplementation of P. granatum or T. undulata extracts resulted in decrease in methane emission (g/kg average daily gain (ADG)) by 46 and 42%, respectively in comparison to control diet. The impact of decrease in methane emission and higher gross energy (GE) intake was visible in the daily body weight gain/day: the animals fed P. granatum and T. undulata extracts gained (P < 0.001) 28 and 21% more weight, respectively, in comparison to animals fed control diet. Therefore, the study established that the supplementation of diet with herbal extracts can help in ameliorating enteric methane production, thereby improving the growth performance in ruminants.
The Indian journal of animal sciences
The present study was taken up to assess the effect of N scheduling on the fodder and grain yield... more The present study was taken up to assess the effect of N scheduling on the fodder and grain yield and on the nutritional worth of green fodder obtained from grain (RD–2552) and dual purpose (RD-2035) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties. The crop of both the cultivars was harvested 55 days after sowing (DAS) and was used as fodder. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was applied @ 87q/ha, either 50% at the time of sowing and 50% after 55 DAS (T1); 50% at the time of sowing, 25% after 55 DAS and 25% after next irrigation i.e. 80 DAS (T2); 33% at the time of sowing, 33% after 55 DAS and 33% after 80 DAS (T3); 33% at the time of sowing and 67% after 55 DAS (T4) or 67% at the time of sowing and 33% after 55 DAS (T5). Both the varieties of barley were cultivated in 1.15 m × 7.0 m plots in triplicate at the Ludhiana campus of Punjab Agricultural University for 2 consecutive years. The data were analyzed statistically by using 2 × 5 factorial design. The dual purpose variety, irrespective of N-sch...
This study was taken up to assess the nutritional worth of cannery and fruit wastes for ruminants... more This study was taken up to assess the nutritional worth of cannery and fruit wastes for ruminants. Amongst the cannery wastes, pea pods (PP) had the highest CP content, sarsonsaag waste (SSW) had that of cell wall constituents(CWC). Carrot pulp (CARP) had the lowest CP, NDF, ADF and ADL contents. The water soluble sugars (WSS) were highest in CARP, while the true protein content and total phenolics were highest in citrus pulp without peels (CPWP).The in-saccoDM degradability revealed that CPWP had the highest effective degradability (ED) and low rumen fill values, which was responsible for higher DM intake potential and nutritive index value as compared to other cannery wastes. Amongst the fruit wastes, muskmelon peels (MMP) had the highest CP and CWC. The WSS were highest in MMP, the true protein in watermelon peels (WMP) and phenolics in banana peels (BP). WMP had the highest ED and the lowest rumen fill value, which was responsible for higher DM intake potential and nutritive ind...
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 2016
The main aim of this study was to assess the methane production potential and nutritional worth o... more The main aim of this study was to assess the methane production potential and nutritional worth of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVWs) as livestock feed by in-vitro/in-sacco techniques. The selected FVWs [cabbage leaves (CabLs), cauliflower leaves (CauLs), empty pea pods (PPs), sarson saag waste (SSW) and fruit juice waste without peels (FJW)] were rich in protein varying from 14.6% (SSW) to 20% (CabLs); and EE varying between 2.2% (CauLs) to 3.2% (PPs). The SSW had the highest and CauLs had the lowest amount of cell wall components. The net gas production (NGP) was the highest (P<0.01) from FJW followed by pea pods and lowest in CauL. The methane production expressed either as percent in NGP, as ml/100mg DM or as ml/100mg digestible OM at t½ was the highest (P<0.01) in pea pods and lowest in CauLs and CabLs. The digestibility of NDF and true OM in CabLs was comparable with that of FJW, CauLs and peapods, but significantly higher than SSW. The availability of ME was highest from FJW (11.7 MJ/kg DM) followed by that from PPs and lowest was observed in CauLs (7.73 MJ/kg DM). Amongst the FVW evaluated, the total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) and individual VFA production were observed to be significantly higher from FJW, followed by SSW and CauLs and lowest was from that of pea pods. The acetate: propionate ratio varied significantly from 3.3 (CabLs, SSW and FJW) to 4.05 (CauLs). The digestion kinetics parameters of DM, CP and NDF revealed that the degradation rate (except that of NDF), effective degradability, true digestibility, potential and apparent extent of digestion were observed to be significantly higher in FJW and SSW; and lowest values of these parameters were observed in CabLs. Reverse but significant trend was observed with respect to rumen fill values, which is inversely proportional to potential voluntary DM intake. The results conclusively revealed that amongst the tested FVWs, sarson saag waste and fruit juice waste followed by cauliflower leaves and pea pods have great potential as livestock feed and can serve as alternate feed resources for livestock and can supplement or replace the costly feedstuffs.
CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 2017
Appropriate feeding during the pregnancy and post-pregnancy period determines both the milk produ... more Appropriate feeding during the pregnancy and post-pregnancy period determines both the milk production in the ensuing lactation as well as the reproductive efficiency of the animal. During this period, 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after parturition are very important because dramatic physiological and metabolic adaptations take place during this phase - called as the transition phase. Nutritional imbalances, caused by the low quality of desired nutritious rations, reduced appetite and low ingestion are responsible for depressed performance specifically during the transition period. The lack of knowledge and skill of farmers in feeding-management during this phase exacerbate the situation. The metabolic changes, metabolic adaptations and the nutritional-management strategies to ease out this phase are discussed in this review paper. With the advancement of gestation, the dry matter intake (DMI) of dairy cows declines and is at its lowest (1.7-2.0% of body weight) at parturition. The bo...
The study was taken up to assess the effect of the essential oils (EOs) like cinamaldehyde (CIN),... more The study was taken up to assess the effect of the essential oils (EOs) like cinamaldehyde (CIN), carvone (CAR) and limonene (LIM), dissolved in different solvents like water, 50% methanol, 80% ethanol, petroleum ether (PE), propylene glycol (PG) on in vitro digestibility of nutrients, methane and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production from wheat straw in a 4x5 factorial experiment. The EOs were supplemented @ 3% of the substrate. Irrespective of the solvent used, the net gas production (NGP) was depressed (P<0.01) in CAR and LIM supplemented groups as compared to control. The digestibility of NDF and true OM was depressed (P<0.01) in all the EO supplemented groups as compared to control. Amongst the EOs, the highest digestibility was observed in wheat straw supplemented with CIN. The CH 4 production was lowest (P<0.01) when wheat straw was supplemented with CAR. The ME availability was also highest in CIN supplemented group, which was comparable to control but higher (P<0.01) than CAR supplemented group. Irrespective of EO, the NGP was high (P<0.01) when ethanol was used as a solvent as compared to methanol. The digestibility of NDF and that of true OM was comparable between water and methanol, but higher (P<0.01) than other solvents.The EOs dissolved in PE and PG showed lowest (P<0.01) CH 4 production. The total VFA production was highest (P<0.01) in PG followed by ethanol and methanol. The propionate and isovalerate were highest in PG supplemented groups. Keeping in view the NGP, digestibility of nutrients, methane and VFA production and correlations worked out for all possible combinations in different parameters, the best combination was cinamaldehyde or carvon dissolved in 50% methanol. The use of petroleum ether and propylene glycol as solvent in such studies should be avoided.
Small Ruminant Research, 2006
The nutritional worth of vegetable wastes like cauliflower leaves, cabbage leaves, pea pods and p... more The nutritional worth of vegetable wastes like cauliflower leaves, cabbage leaves, pea pods and pea vines was assessed in comparison to conventional green oats fodder in bucks. Each of the vegetable waste, supplemented with minerals and common salt, was fed ad lib as complete feed, to 3 bucks (Beetle×Anglo Nubian×French Alpine; 6 years old of 62.6±1.1kg BW). The leaves of
TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES
HFAs; Acacia nilotica (Babul) bark, Acacia catechu (Katha), and Areca catechu (Supari) containing... more HFAs; Acacia nilotica (Babul) bark, Acacia catechu (Katha), and Areca catechu (Supari) containing tannins were procured from Konark Herbals in Mumbai, India. 2.2. Bioactive components The HFAs were analyzed for phenolics/tannins [12], condensed tannins [CTs; 13], flavonoids [14], saponins [15], 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) activity [16], and vitamin C [17].
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
Feeding of animals Twenty four male buffalo calves (10-12 months old) after deworming were condit... more Feeding of animals Twenty four male buffalo calves (10-12 months old) after deworming were conditioned for 30 days on FWS supplemented with conventional control concentrate mixture. Thereafter, the animals divided into 6 equal groups on live weight basis were individually offered FWS as a sole roughage with either conventional concentrate mixture (maize 20, wheat 10, deoiled mustard cake 18, deoiled rice bran 44, molasses 5, mineral mixture 2 and common salt 1 part each), only crushed maize (M), deoiled mustard cake (DMC), maize and deoiled mustard cake in 50:50 ratio (M-DMC), deoiled rice bran (DRB) or uromol bran mixture (UBM) in 70:30 ratio, supplemented with 2 kg available green fodder (to meet the Vit. A requirements) as complete feed. The experimental animals were offered 50 g each of mineral mixture and common salt in their ration. The experiment lasted for 152 days. The feed was offered to each animal individually at 09:00 h as a single meal and water was offered twice-a-day at 10:00 and 15:00 h. The feeding schedule was changed every
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
Twelve dietary combinations were prepared using 70 parts of fermented wheat straw (FWS) as the so... more Twelve dietary combinations were prepared using 70 parts of fermented wheat straw (FWS) as the sole roughage supplemented with 30 parts of either the low protein concentrate mixture (Conc.-I), high protein concentrate mixture (conc.-II), maize grains (M), solvent extracted mustard cake (DMC), deoiled rice bran (DRB), uromol bran mixture (UBM), deep stacked poultry litter (DSPL), dried poultry droppings (DPD), M-DMC mixture (50:50), M-UBM mixture (50:50), M-DPD mixture (50:50) or M-UBM-DPD mixture (50:25:25) and evaluated by in-sacco technique. The above dietary combinations were also evaluated by changing the roughage to concentrate ratio to 60:40. The digestion kinetics for DM and CP revealed that FWS:DPD had the highest, whereas, the FWS:M-DMC had the lowest rapidly soluble fraction. The potentially degradable fraction was found to be maximum in FWS:M and minimum in FWS:DPD dietary combinations. The higher degradation rate of FWS:DRB and FWS:UBM combinations was responsible for their significantly (p<0.05) higher effective degradability as compared to other combinations. The highest undegradable fraction noted in FWS:M-UBM-DPD followed by FWS:DMC was responsible for high rumen fill values. The FWS:DRB, FWS:UBM and FWS:DPD combinations had higher potential for DM intake. The dietary combination with higher concentrate level (60:40) was responsible for higher potentially degradable fraction, which was degraded at a faster rate resulting in significantly higher effective degradability as compared to the corresponding dietary combination with low concentrate level (70:30). The low undegradable fraction in the high concentrate diet was responsible for low rumen fill values, which predicted of high potential for DM intake. Out of 24 dietary combinations, FWS with either of UBM, DRB, DMC, Maize, M-DMC or DPD in 70:30 ratio supplemented with minerals and vitamin A in comparison to conventional feeding practice (roughage and concentrate mixture) could be exploited as complete feed for different categories of ruminants.
Tropical Animal Health and Production
This study was taken up to assess the impact of supplementing herbal feed additives [HFAs; fruit ... more This study was taken up to assess the impact of supplementing herbal feed additives [HFAs; fruit of Myristica fragrans (Jayphall), seeds of Anethum sowa (Suva), fruit of Apium graveolens (Ajmo), fruit of Cuminum cyminum (Jeera), bark of Cinnamonum zeylanicum (Dalchini), or whole plant of Eclipta alba (Bhangro)] containing essential oils as active component on the nutrient utilization and methane production using wheat straw–based total mixed ration (TMR) as a substrate by in vitro gas production technique. The essential oil content was the highest (P &lt; 0.01) in M. fragrans followed by E. alba and A. sowa. In addition to essential oils, these HFAs also contained saponins, tannins, and antioxidants. The HFAs were supplemented at 1–3% of substrate dry matter (DM). The data were analyzed by 6 × 4 factorial design. Irrespective of level of HFA, the net gas production (NGP) and metabolizable energy (ME) availability was the highest (P &lt; 0.01) in TMR supplemented with C. zeylanicum comparable with E. alba, but higher than TMR supplemented with other HFAs. Supplementation of TMR with different HFAs did not affect the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and true organic matter (TOM) and partitioning factor (PF). The total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), acetate, propionate (P &lt; 0.01), and butyrate (P &lt; 0.05) production was the highest in TMR supplemented with A. sowa, and the lowest was observed in TMR supplemented with C. cyminum. The isobutyrate and valerate production was also the highest (P &lt; 0.01) in diet supplemented with A. sowa, but isovalerate production was the highest (P &lt; 0.01) in diet supplemented with C. zeylanicum. The A:P ratio was the best in TMR supplemented with A. sowa. The efficiency of rumen fermentation was the highest, and efficiency of conversion of hexose to methane was the lowest in diet supplemented with A. sowa as compared to all other supplements. The in vitro methane production expressed as either percent of NGP, ml/100 mg DM of substrate/24 h, or as ml/100 mg of digestible OM/24 h was the lowest in TMR supplemented with A. sowa. The ammonia nitrogen production from TMR supplemented with M. fragrans and A. sowa was comparable, but significantly (P &lt; 0.01) lower than TMR supplemented with other HFAs. Irrespective of the nature of HFA, the NGP and ME availability were significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher in TMR supplemented with HFAs at all levels as compared to un-supplemented TMR. As compared to control, the digestibility of NDF and that of TOM was depressed slightly in all the HFA-supplemented TMRs. The supplementation of HFAs at 2% of substrate DM improved (P &lt; 0.01) the production of total VFAs, acetate, and propionate, and that of isovalerate in comparison to the un-supplemented TMR. The acetate to propionate ratio increased (P &lt; 0.01) with the increase in the level of supplementation of HFAs containing essential oils. The methane and ammonia productions were depressed significantly when TMR was supplemented at 2% level of HFAs as compared to control TMR. It was concluded that supplementation of TMR with A. sowa at 2% of substrate was fermented better as indicated by the production of total and individual VFA, methane, and ammonia as compared to TMR supplemented with other HFA or un-supplemented TMR.
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
In sacco studies Three male rumen fistulated buffaloes (live weight
Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology
Hundal, J.S., Wadhwa, M. and Bakshi, M.P.S. 2016. Methane mitigation potential of tannins and the... more Hundal, J.S., Wadhwa, M. and Bakshi, M.P.S. 2016. Methane mitigation potential of tannins and their impact on digestibility of nutrients in-vitro. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 16: 505-513. The study was taken up to assess the effect of the pure tannins viz. catechin hydrate, gallic acid, tannin acid and ellagic acid supplemented individually at 1 to 5% levels of the substrate DM (wheat straw) on the in vitro methane production and fiber degradation in a 4x7 factorial design. Irrespective of the type of tannin, the net gas production (NGP) in positive control and tannin supplemented groups (1-5% level) was higher (P&lt;0.01) than normal control. The NGP and partitioning factor (PF) of positive control and tannin supplemented groups up to 4% level were similar, but depressed (P&lt;0.01) at 5% level. The digestibility of NDF and true OM was depressed (P&lt;0.01) at all the levels of tannin supplementation. However, ME availability was not affected by tannin supplementation. The effect of tannins, irrespective of its level revealed that the NGP was depressed (P&lt;0.01), while digestibility of nutrients and ME availability were depressed numerically (P&gt;0.05) in the ellagic acid supplemented group, as compared to other tannins supplemented groups. Irrespective of type of tannins, the TVFAs, acetate and A:P ratio were higher (P&lt;0.01) in positive control than normal control. The TVFAs, acetate and propionate production in tannin supplemented groups was lowest (P&lt;0.01) at 1% level as compared to positive control. Irrespective of the level of tannins, the TVFAs, acetate and propionate production was higher (P&lt;0.01), while A:P ratio was lowest (P&lt;0.01) from catechin hydrate as compared to other tannin supplemented groups. Beyond 2% there was significant depression (P&lt;0.01) in methane production as compared to positive control. Between 3 and 4% levels, there was no difference, but again at 5% there was depression (P&lt;0.01) in methane production. Irrespective of level of tannins, methane production was lowest (P&lt;0.01) in the ellagic acid supplemented group, while the highest (P&lt;0.01) was observed in catechin hydrate supplemented group. It was concluded that ellagic acid supplemented at 3% of substrate mitigated the methane production, depressed the digestibility and VFA production, but without affecting ME availability.
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Papers by mohinder bakshi