Papers by marianette inobaya
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2021
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection worldwi... more Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection worldwide, but reports of temporal changes in the risk of transmission among close contacts has been scarce. This study aimed to examine an association between the viral load trajectory and transmission risk to develop a better control strategy for the disease spread. We conducted a household-based prospective cohort study in Biliran Province, the Philippines, and enrolled 451 participants to observe the development of acute respiratory infection. Including the cases found at the health-care facility, we analyzed the data of viral loads with symptom records obtained from 172 followed participants who had household member positive for RSV with a rapid test during an RSV outbreak in 2018–2019. We developed a model estimating a temporal change in the viral shedding from the infection and evaluated transmission dynamics. We found that most transmission events occurred within approximately 7 days of...
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2019
The AIRSAN Project, amongst other objectives, aimed to facilitate the implementation of the Inter... more The AIRSAN Project, amongst other objectives, aimed to facilitate the implementation of the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) in EU Member-States. Many organizations (e.g. WHO, IATA, ICAO) developed useful documents to support IHR implementation in the aviation sector. We aimed to list these documents and find a reasonable way to make their contents quickly accessible. Methods & Materials: We created a searchable Excel-based list, the 'AIRSAN Bibliography'. Only documents issued by international organizations about public health in the aviation sector were included. Structural data, e.g. issuing organizations, were compiled. Moreover, we defined 33 IHR relevant keywords, e.g. emergency planning, training, isolation. Two scientists reviewed the documents and systematically indexed all pages including information about the keywords. To allow a distinction between more or less detailed text passages, we assigned a score from 1-4 (indicating the level of detail) to each keyword specific page; the higher the score, the more relevant information could be found in the text passage. Results: The AIRSAN Bibliography includes 77 documents, issued by 8 international organizations. The practical use can be illustrated by the following example: an emergency plan needs to be developed or revised. The search for the keyword "emergency planning" lists 32 documents, with references to pages that contain keyword specific information. Overall, 12 of the 32 documents enclose information of the highest level of detail which means that they are key documents in the area of emergency planning in the aviation sector. The AIRSAN Bibliography makes public health action-orientated information in the aviation sector quickly accessible for practical use. We integrated it into our website (www. airsan.eu) and expect that this new tool will facilitate intra-sectoral collaboration. The AIRSAN Bibliography eases not only implementation of the IHR but also of the EU-Decision on serious cross-border threats to health.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2010
Transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) from children with lower respiratory tract infe... more Transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) from children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) at a paediatric intensivecare unit (PICU) was examined using a highly sensitive real-time PCR. Twenty-four children with RSV LRTI were admitted during the study period (total days of potential transmission: 239). Fortyeight RSV-negative patients were followed up for RSV acquisition every 5 days (total days of exposure: 683). No single RSV transmission was documented with this highly sensitive diagnostic method. Therefore, routine infection control measures of LRTI patients seem to be adequate to prevent RSV transmission at the PICU.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009
Background. Recent data on the burden of hospitalization and clinic visits for rotavirus gastroen... more Background. Recent data on the burden of hospitalization and clinic visits for rotavirus gastroenteritis are needed to support the decision to introduce rotavirus vaccine in the Philippines. Methods. From 2005 through 2006, children aged !5 years with acute diarrhea who attended 1 of 7 clinics and/or hospitals in Muntinlupa City, the Philippines, were enrolled. Clinical and demographic data were collected, and a stool specimen was obtained for rotavirus testing and typing for G and P antigens. The incidences of different clinical outcomes of rotavirus gastroenteritis were determined for 3 townships under surveillance and were extrapolated to the Philippines with use of national data sets. Results. The prevalence of rotavirus was 31% (171/560) among children hospitalized with diarrhea, 30% (155/ 520) among those who presented to the emergency department, and 15% (56/385) among those who presented to a clinic. The annual estimated incidence (per 100,000 children aged !5 years) of rotavirus gastroenteritis in outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient settings was 755, 451, and 279, respectively. Of 274 strains, 50 (18%) were nontypeable. Of the 128 strains that underwent G and P typing, 98% belong to the globally common strains G3P[P], G2P[4], and G1P . Conclusions. The burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in the Philippines is high and is predominantly caused by strains against which current vaccines have shown good efficacy, suggesting that routine immunization will have a large impact on rotavirus disease burden. Human rotaviruses are recognized as the major cause of acute, severely dehydrating diarrhea among infants and young children aged !5 years and cause 20%-50% of all cases of diarrhea requiring hospitalization in this age group in both industrialized and developing countries . Worldwide, rotavirus infection accounts for an estimated 527,000 diarrhea-related deaths among children aged !5 years; however, 90% of deaths occur in low-or middle-income countries [2]. As part of efforts to prevent rotavirus illness, 2 new safe and efficacious vaccines have been developed, are commer-
“Respect my opinion and I'll respect yours!”: Exploring the challenges, concerns, and informational needs of vaccine‐hesitant caregivers and pregnant women in the Philippines
Public Health Challenges
BackgroundDespite the instrumental role of vaccines, public confidence is declining, and anti‐vac... more BackgroundDespite the instrumental role of vaccines, public confidence is declining, and anti‐vaccine movements have increased worldwide. With the goal of informing policy decisions and the development of interventions, we explore the concerns and challenges related to vaccine uptake (of childhood, maternal, and COVID‐19 vaccines) among parents or caregivers of under‐two children and pregnant women in urban and rural communities in the Philippines.MethodsBetween May and June 2022, we conducted combined in‐person and online interviews with purposively selected caregivers and pregnant women in the Calabarzon region (Naic, Cavite and Tanay, Rizal), and National Capital Region (Pasay and Muntinlupa Cities), Philippines. A total of 43 interviews were completed, audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to the tenets of hermeneutic phenomenology.ResultsOur results, grounded on the social ecological model, underlined the interplays of contextual or logistical challenges on vaccin...
First bovine vaccine to prevent human schistosomiasis - a cluster randomised Phase 3 clinical trial
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Schistosomiasis is a trematode worm infection of the genus Schistosoma with five species known to... more Schistosomiasis is a trematode worm infection of the genus Schistosoma with five species known to infect humans. It is endemic in 78 countries, 42 of which are in the Africa, 16 in the Eastern Mediterranean, 10 in the Americas, six in the Western Pacific, three in Southeast Asia and one in Europe. In 2015, the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) due to schistosomiasis was estimated at 3.514 million and WHO estimated that 118.5 million school-aged children and 100.2 million adults are in need of preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis. Preventive chemotherapy, through regular mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel, was endorsed by World Health Assembly in 2001 as the main strategy for schistosomiasis control through WHA resolution 54.19. Treatment with praziquantel at a dose of 40 mg/kg aims to reduce morbidity and mortality, and prevent new infection by limiting transmission through reduction of the human reservoir host. The WHO target was to regularly treat a minimum...
Additional file 6: of Efficacy of the In2CareÂŽ auto-dissemination device for reducing dengue transmission: study protocol for a parallel, two-armed cluster randomised trial in the Philippines
Information and consent forms. (DOCX 198 kb)
Additional file 5: of Efficacy of the In2CareÂŽ auto-dissemination device for reducing dengue transmission: study protocol for a parallel, two-armed cluster randomised trial in the Philippines
WHO Trial Registration Data Set (Version 1.3). (DOCX 24 kb)
Additional file 4: of Efficacy of the In2CareÂŽ auto-dissemination device for reducing dengue transmission: study protocol for a parallel, two-armed cluster randomised trial in the Philippines
SPIRIT checklist. (DOCX 66 kb)
Additional file 3: of Efficacy of the In2CareÂŽ auto-dissemination device for reducing dengue transmission: study protocol for a parallel, two-armed cluster randomised trial in the Philippines
Sticky card with mosquitoes captured in a Gravid Aedes Trap. Courtesy of O. Telle. (JPG 97 kb)
Additional file 2: of Efficacy of the In2Care® auto-dissemination device for reducing dengue transmission: study protocol for a parallel, two-armed cluster randomised trial in the Philippines
Assembly of In2Care® trap. Courtesy of S. Boyer. (JPG 234 kb)
Additional file 1: of Efficacy of the In2CareÂŽ auto-dissemination device for reducing dengue transmission: study protocol for a parallel, two-armed cluster randomised trial in the Philippines
Gravid Aedes trap. Courtesy of B. Lefebvre. (JPG 103 kb)
Additional file 1: of National Influenza Surveillance in the Philippines from 2006 to 2012: seasonality and circulating strains
Data on influenza positivity rates from 2006 to 2011, National Influenza Surveillance Philippines... more Data on influenza positivity rates from 2006 to 2011, National Influenza Surveillance Philippines and computation of average epidemic curve and alert threshold. (XLSX 52 kb)
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2022
Background Despite the effort to eradicate rabies in the Philippines, human rabies cases have not... more Background Despite the effort to eradicate rabies in the Philippines, human rabies cases have not decreased in the past decade. Rabid dogs pose the most significant hazard in the countries with the highest burden of rabies, and 70% rabies vaccine coverage is recommended for dogs in high-risk areas. Ascertaining the owned dog population and community knowledge on rabies can help improve vaccine coverage and information campaigns. Methodology/Principal findings We conducted a cross-sectional survey in six randomly selected communities (five urban, one rural) in Central Luzon, Philippines. We first conducted the complete mapping of 9,173 households and then randomly selected 727 households. More than half (54.1%) of the households owned dogs (1.21 dogs/household). In the 727 households, we identified 878 owned dogs and 3256 humans. According to these results, the dog-to-human ratio was approximately 1:3.7. Only 8.8% of households reported a history of dog bite in 2019. Among dog-owning...
BMJ Open, 2021
IntroductionSince the onset of a dengue vaccine controversy in late 2017, vaccine confidence has ... more IntroductionSince the onset of a dengue vaccine controversy in late 2017, vaccine confidence has plummeted in the Philippines, leading to measles and polio outbreaks in early 2019. This protocol outlines a human-centered design (HCD) approach to co-create and test an intervention that addresses vaccine hesitancy (VH) via narrative and empathy with and among families and healthcare workers.Methods and analysis‘Salubong’ is a Filipino term that means to welcome someone back into one’s life, reinforcing notions of family ties and friendships. We apply this sentiment to vaccines. Following the phases of HCD, guided by a theoretical framework, and drawing from locally held understandings of faith and acceptance, we will conduct in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) in rural and urban Filipino communities that witnessed dramatic increases in measles cases in recent years. During qualitative engagements with caretakers, providers, and policymakers, we will collect n...
Journal of Disaster Research, 2018
Childhood pneumonia has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for decades. Although s... more Childhood pneumonia has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for decades. Although substantial progress in the understanding of risk factors and etiology of pneumonia has been made, childhood pneumonia remains the major cause of death in children, accounting for 900,000 of the estimated 6.3 million child deaths worldwide in 2013. More than 90% of all episodes of clinical childhood pneumonia worldwide occur in low and middle-income countries. More effective and feasible interventions need to be developed and made widely available for such countries, including the Philippines. Comprehensive research, including etiological and epidemiological studies for assessments of risk factors and thereby, intervention studies to reduce the impact of childhood pneumonia are required in hospital settings, as well as community settings, consistently. A research project entitled “comprehensive etiological and epidemiological study on acute respiratory infections in children: providing ev...
Trials, 2019
Background: Mosquito-borne viruses are imposing an ever increasing health burden worldwide. In ad... more Background: Mosquito-borne viruses are imposing an ever increasing health burden worldwide. In addition to the recent Zika and chikungunya virus epidemics, dengue viruses have become the fastest growing problem with a 40fold increase in the number of reported cases over the past five decades. Current mosquito control techniques involving larval source reduction, larviciding, and space spray of adulticides are costly, laborious, and of debatable efficacy. There remains an urgent need for the development of intervention methods that can be reasonably implemented in the context of modern day urbanisation. Auto-dissemination (AD) of insecticide by adult mosquitoes offers a potentially practical and useful tool in an integrated vector control programme. Recently, an immediately employable AD device, the In2Care® mosquito trap, has been commercialised and shows promise as an effective tool. However, there remains a lack of demonstration of epidemiological efficacy. Methods/design: This trial aims to assess the extent to which implementation of In2Care® mosquito traps can reduce vector Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. adult mosquito densities and dengue virus transmission as measured by sequential seroconversion rates in children 6-16 years of age in a dengue endemic location: Lipa City, Philippines. To achieve this, we will carry out a parallel, two-armed cluster randomised trial evaluating AD efficacy for reducing the incidence of dengue over a 2-year period with 4 consecutive months of vector control during peak dengue transmission each year. Discussion: For decades, it has been commonly accepted that an integrated approach to mosquito control is required. The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategic Framework for Integrated Vector Management recommends a range of interventions, in combination, to increase control impact to reduce transmission. This efficacy trial of the first commercial product using the AD approach will be informative in assessing the general utility of AD in reducing not only adult vector densities but, more importantly, reducing the incidence of dengue. The AD technique may complement source reduction and larviciding campaigns by more efficiently targeting the most productive containers and those beyond human reach. If successful, this mosquito control strategy could prove an invaluable tool in the fight against urban mosquito vectors and a reduction in the burden of associated disease.
The Journal of infectious diseases, Jan 5, 2018
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is of great concern in public health. It remains unclear whethe... more Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is of great concern in public health. It remains unclear whether viral infections can affect the host's susceptibility to subsequent ARIs. A prospective cohort study on ARIs of children below five years old was conducted in the Philippines from 2014 to 2016. The respiratory symptoms were recorded daily and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at both household and health facilities. The specimens were tested for respiratory viruses. We then determined whether viral etiology was associated with the severity of the present ARI and whether previous viral infections was associated with subsequent ARIs. A total of 3,851 children and 16,337 ARI episodes were enrolled and recorded, respectively. Samples were collected from 24% of all ARI episodes; collection rate at the healthcare facilities was 95%. Enterovirus D68, rhinovirus species C, and respiratory syncytial virus were significantly associated with severe ARIs. The risk for subsequent ARIs was sig...
Parasites & vectors, Jan 31, 2018
Preventive chemotherapy is the current global control strategy for schistosomiasis. The WHO targe... more Preventive chemotherapy is the current global control strategy for schistosomiasis. The WHO target coverage rate is at least 75% for school-aged children. In the Philippines, the reported national coverage rate (43.5%) is far below the WHO target. This study examined the factors associated with non-compliance to mass drug administration. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 among 2189 adults in the province of Northern Samar, the Philippines using a structured face-to-face survey questionnaire. The overall rate of non-compliance to mass drug administration (MDA) in the last treatment round was 27%. Females (aOR = 1.67, P = 0.033) were more likely to be non-compliant. Respondents who believed that schistosomiasis was acquired by open defecation and poor sanitation (aOR = 1.41, P = 0.015), and by drinking unclean water (aOR = 2.09, P = 0.001) were more likely to refuse treatment. Uncertainties on whether schistosomiasis can be treated (aOR = 2.39, P = 0.033), their fear of a...
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Papers by marianette inobaya