Papers by syafrudin masri
European Transactions on Electrical Power, 2010
To facilitate both generation and retailing to have an open access to the transmission grid for t... more To facilitate both generation and retailing to have an open access to the transmission grid for trading electricity, a real time procedure is proposed. The line flows for an operation are assumed to be available from PMU and WAM validated state estimation. Power tracing determines different transactions to supply a retailer's demand, losses related to each transaction, extent of use each transaction makes of a transmission circuit and its associated losses. A generalized quadratic form learns relationships between a retailer's demand and, (i) a generation's contribution to it at a point of receipt, (ii) losses in a transaction, (iii) share of a transaction in a line, (iv) its associated losses, through learning coefficients. The procedure then predicts a generator's contribution to a retailer's demand at the point of receipt, power loss for the transaction, share of transactions in a line at the retail end and its associated line losses, for an oncoming operating scenario. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Each busbar conductor of a phase is subjected to a force due to the short-circuit currents. In th... more Each busbar conductor of a phase is subjected to a force due to the short-circuit currents. In this paper, the electromagnetic forces affected by the short-circuit current in three-phase busbar conductor are calculated in vertical and horizontal arrangement. The short-circuit current densities are calculated mathematically. The calculations are performed by assuming a peak value of steady-state ac current is equal to the peak value of the short-circuit current. The electromagnetic forces due to the short-circuit current are calculated according to the equation introduced by IEC Standards 865/1993. The electromagnetic force generated in vertical arrangement is compared with the horizontal of busbar. The result depicted that the busbar in vertical arrangement has about 2 times higher electromagnetic force compared with that in horizontal arrangement. The arrangement of the busbar obviously influences the strength of electromagnetic force due to short-circuit current. Furthermore, the electromagnetic force obtained from the simulation by finite element method in vertical arrangement was agree with the calculation obtained using IEC Standard 865/1993.
Investigation of electromagnetic force during short-circuit test in three-phase busbar system
All busbar systems are subjected to electromagnetic forces which may cause permanent mechanical d... more All busbar systems are subjected to electromagnetic forces which may cause permanent mechanical deformation and damage if large electromagnetic force occurs due to short-circuit current. Therefore, the predictions of electromagnetic force on the three-phase busbar system is very important, especially to analyze it effect on the mechanical structure of busbar system. In this paper, two finite element models of busbar system having different rated currents are presented. Each model of busbar system has different mechanical dimensions. The electromagnetic forces generated in conducting busbars are analyzed under short-circuit conditions. The electromagnetic force is obtained using transient analysis by applying Maxwell Stress equation. Higher peak short-circuit current contributes to the generation of higher electromagnetic force between parallel conductors. The finite element models predict the busbars will experience peak short-circuit current of 63kA and 73.5kA, thus, generating about 62.5242 N/mm and 67.8617 N/mm of electromagnetic forces respectively, in between the conducting busbars. Optimal design for the mechanical dimensions and supporting structure for the three-phase busbar system can be intensively simulated taking into account the maximum electromagnetic force allowable. The results indicate that the magnitude electromagnetic force can be reduced by 4%-7% when the dimensions of conducting busbar thickness and its spacing are increased by 1mm. The results obtained are useful for the mechanical design and determination of supporting structure of the busbar system.
Measuring temperature rise at transformer core under nonlinear loading
The life of power distribution transformers has been greatly reduced by the significantly additio... more The life of power distribution transformers has been greatly reduced by the significantly addition of electronic loads in the distribution system. The characteristics of loads now becoming more nonlinear which in turn produce more harmonics. Power transformers are constantly affected due to its location between the variety of loads at consumer's side and the power supply side. Additional loss at transformer core caused by harmonics is translated by the increasing heating it experienced. This paper focuses on measuring temperature of the core as transformer is connected with nonlinear loads. A circuit producing harmonic rich load current is subjected to 75VA power transformer. Tests are conducted at 100% of nameplate rating using purely resistive loads and by connecting nonlinear loads. Differences in type of loads are made in order to magnify the additional heat effect of harmonics in power transformer operation. Laser radiating thermal device is used to measure heat at three different points.
Study the effective angle of photovoltaic modules in generating an optimum energy
Nowadays, in the fast changing phase of technology many countries have used photovoltaic (PV) to ... more Nowadays, in the fast changing phase of technology many countries have used photovoltaic (PV) to generate energy. PV modules are very versatile and easily fixed on the top of buildings, residential areas, and other structures. PV capable to produce a clean energy and it can be fixed up at location where the system grid not available. However, for producing optimum energy, PV modules must be mounted with correct PV direction and angle. The objective of this paper is to find out the correlation between difference PV angle and PV direction for maximum energy generation. The data have been collected through out a day. The measurement results on difference angles and direction of PV show that the voltage generates are quite similar. However the PV modules direct to north and south produced more power compared to east and west. The result of data collection is suitable for application in the Malaysia and similar environment.
A study of the fundamental principles to power system harmonic
This paper is to present the harmonic phenomenon. The Fourier series is the tool for harmonic ana... more This paper is to present the harmonic phenomenon. The Fourier series is the tool for harmonic analysis in order to interpret waveforms behavior due to nonlinear loads is carried out. Some harmonics measurements for nonlinear loads are also observed. The harmonics theory, definition of harmonic quantities, related harmonics problems in power distribution systems are explained. Also, filter applications such as passive filter in overcoming harmonic problems are discussed. This paper also investigate the recent developments for active power filter uses power electronic switching to generate harmonic currents that cancel the harmonic currents from a nonlinear load is then described.
Application of LC filter in harmonics reduction
In recent years, harmonics are considered as one of the most essential problems in electrical pow... more In recent years, harmonics are considered as one of the most essential problems in electrical power systems. Even though, this new highly efficient electronic technology provides improved product quality with increased productivity by the use of smaller and lighter electrical components but they are the sources of harmonics. Recent surveys on the three-phase four-wire electric power distribution systems with computer and nonlinear loads show excessive currents in the neutral conductor. The neutral currents are basically zero-sequence current harmonics, which is mostly, consists of triplen current harmonics. As a result, the perfect sinusoidal voltage and current waveform are very much distorted. To solve this problem, a simple and practical approach to reduce harmonics current in 3-phase 4-wire power distribution system is proposed. The using of LC filter in three-phase four-wire system reduces the harmonic problem in the system. This LC filter is depending on value of capacitor and inductor. It is not only reducing zero-sequence harmonics but also reduce other harmonics in the system. Besides that, this application also can improve power factor and reduced the THD system to the standard IEEE-std 519. The practical excellency and validity of reducing are demonstrated experimentally.
A study on zero-passing transformer in harmonics reduction
In this paper, a simple and practical approach to minimize the zero-sequence current harmonics in... more In this paper, a simple and practical approach to minimize the zero-sequence current harmonics in 3-phase 4-wire power distribution system is proposed. The zero-sequence current harmonic is minimized by using a very low zero-sequence impedance transformer. The very low zero-sequence impedance transformer is shunt connected to the load. Besides having very low zero-sequence impedance, this transformer also has very high both positive and negative sequence impedances. Thus, the zero-passing transformer has no effect on the positive and negative sequence harmonics. Because not all the harmonic can be reduced by zero-passing transformer, the LC filter is provided to cancel the entire harmonic. This LC filter is also shunt connected to the load. The dominant zero-sequence harmonic that is 3rd harmonic current, which is generated by the load, will flow through the shunt load connected transformer and other harmonics current will flow through the LC filter. The practical excellency and validity of reduction technique are demonstrated experimentally.
Single phase grid tie inverter for photovoltaic application
This paper present a grid tie inverter for photovoltaic, PV application with a combination switch... more This paper present a grid tie inverter for photovoltaic, PV application with a combination switching strategy of square wave and the sinusoidal pulse width modulation, SPWM. The combination switching strategy will be discussed and the performance of the inverter also will be simulated under grid tie condition in SIMULINK. Besides that, the strategy of sending power into the grid also
Simulation of parallel-loaded resonant inverter for photovoltaic grid connected
In this paper, a simulation of parallel-loaded resonant inverter for photovoltaic (PV) grid conne... more In this paper, a simulation of parallel-loaded resonant inverter for photovoltaic (PV) grid connected is presented. The output of the resonant inverter is parallel-connected with transformer, which will control the voltage levels and also could provide isolation. The sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique was used to produce pure sinusoidal waves of voltage and current output. The result of simulations show that the developed model had the capability to minimize the switching loss, prevent shoot-through and prolong the lifetime of power switches. The result for the 500-Watt single-phase inverter grid connected design produce less than 3% of THD.
An investigation on harmonic level, current & voltage distortion and associated power for three phase four wire distribution system in a USM Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department building
This paper presents the results of the investigation on power quality at Electrical & Ele... more This paper presents the results of the investigation on power quality at Electrical & Electronic Engineering department building in University Science Malaysia for three phase four-wire system. The survey was conducted through out a day during peak and off peak hours. The harmonic level, total harmonic distortion, neutral current and power associated such as power consumption, true power factor and
Development of high efficiency boost converter for photovoltaic application
In this paper, a development of high efficiency boost converter for photovoltaic application is p... more In this paper, a development of high efficiency boost converter for photovoltaic application is presented. The design aimed to create a completely self-contained unit capable of converting light energy from the sun into electrical energy. The initial goal was to build a device that could provide a stable 24 Vdc output, from a fluctuating direct current-linked input voltage from the
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Papers by syafrudin masri