Fraud is an illegal activity that does not discriminate. It affects the global economy as well as... more Fraud is an illegal activity that does not discriminate. It affects the global economy as well as all types of organizations. Surveys and reports by ACFE, Deloitte, KPMG and NFA confirmed that the public sector is more vulnerable to fraud compared to the private sector. Comments in the Auditor General’s (AG) Report 2012 concluded the same findings. Thus, with respect to fraud, detection, investigation, and preventive measures are extremely important. While anomalies or red flags act as indicators for the auditor, management and other responsible parties to investigate whether there is real fraud, auditing and statistics remain the two primary strategies for detecting fraud. Taking this perspective, Benford’s Law is an advanced digital analysis useful in uncovering anomalies. This paper evaluates 500 accounting data from public sector agencies in Malaysia using theFirst-Digit, Second-Digit, First-Two Digit, First-Three Digit and Last-Two Digit tests. Results show that Benford’s analy...
Ariff. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 5.0 account the interests of other stakeholders (... more Ariff. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 5.0 account the interests of other stakeholders (The Code, 2007). Though its origin can be traced to the private sector, corporate governance is applicable to cooperatives which are a form of corporation. Thus cooperatives too face issues associated with governance. Cooperative boards play a significant function in linking the managers' actions to the interests of their
Fraud is an illegal activity that does not discriminate. It affects the global economy as well as... more Fraud is an illegal activity that does not discriminate. It affects the global economy as well as all types of organizations. Surveys and reports by ACFE, Deloitte, KPMG and NFA confirmed that the public sector is more vulnerable to fraud compared to the private sector. Comments in the Auditor General’s (AG) Report 2012 concluded the same findings. Thus, with respect to fraud, detection, investigation, and preventive measures are extremely important. While anomalies or red flags act as indicators for the auditor, management and other responsible parties to investigate whether there is real fraud, auditing and statistics remain the two primary strategies for detecting fraud. Taking this perspective, Benford’s Law is an advanced digital analysis useful in uncovering anomalies. This paper evaluates 500 accounting data from public sector agencies in Malaysia using theFirst-Digit, Second-Digit, First-Two Digit, First-Three Digit and Last-Two Digit tests. Results show that Benford’s analy...
Ariff. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 5.0 account the interests of other stakeholders (... more Ariff. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 5.0 account the interests of other stakeholders (The Code, 2007). Though its origin can be traced to the private sector, corporate governance is applicable to cooperatives which are a form of corporation. Thus cooperatives too face issues associated with governance. Cooperative boards play a significant function in linking the managers' actions to the interests of their
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Papers by ma. abdul aris