Diabetes is a major degenerative disease affecting at least 15 million people and having complica... more Diabetes is a major degenerative disease affecting at least 15 million people and having complications which include hypertension, atherosclerosis and microcirculatory disorders. At least 80% of Africans rely on plant medicine for their healthcare in the management of diabetes and other diseases. The present review paper unveils the roles of Capsicum in diabetes mellitus. The review reported Capsicum to possess hypoglycemic, insulinomimetic or secretagogues properties, weight reducing effect and hypolipidemic properties in diabetes. The roles played by Capsicum in diabetes could be traced to its antioxidant properties embedded in its phytoconstituents. We recommend further research on this plant.
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism whose prevalence is rising glo... more Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism whose prevalence is rising globally. The hypoglycemic property of raw Allium cepa has been established by several authors, and this study, was carried out to investigate the effect of heat on the hypoglycemic property of Allium cepa. This is against the backdrop that Allium cepa is mostly consumed boiled in Africa and several parts of the World. 40 Wistar rats were used for the study and diabetes was induced in 35 of them using single intraperitoneal dose of 40mgkg-1 of alloxan monohydrate. There were eight groups (n= 5). Group one and two served as the control groups, group three is insulin and group four is metformin. Group five to eight were treatment groups. Result showed the following reduction at 400 mgkg-1 (raw- 57.2%; boiled-41.3%). At 600 mgkg-1, (raw-30.9%; boiled-20.9%). It is therefore concluded based on these findings that boiling Allium cepa reduced its hypoglycemic potential and hence its effectivenes...
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016
The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude... more The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude extract and fractions on enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted using ethanol. Four fractions from this extract were obtained by liquid-liquid fractionation technique using solvents of varying polarity and the bioactive compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) analysis. Resultant fractions were administered at 300 mg/kgBW to streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) induced diabetic wistar rats. The results shows that various fractions produced a fall in the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats; Chloroform (65.85%), ethyl acetate (69.65%) Benzene Original Research Article
Aim of the Study: This study investigates the effects of Capsicum frutescens supplemented diet (C... more Aim of the Study: This study investigates the effects of Capsicum frutescens supplemented diet (C.F.S.D) on fasting blood glucose level, biochemical parameters and body weight in alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats. Experimental Design: 130-150g healthy forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as following; Group 1 served as a normal control and received normal feed-. Group 2 (Diabetic control) received normal feed-. Group 3 (Diabetic test 1) received normal feed + 1g Capsicum frutescens.-. Group 4 (Diabetic test 2) received normal feed + 2g Capsicum frutescens.
Celosia isertii , a small genus of edible and ornamental plants in the amaranth family, Amarantha... more Celosia isertii , a small genus of edible and ornamental plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae, has been investigated for a number of properties, such as anti-diabetic activity, hepatoprotective property, anti-diarrheal property and lots more. Aims: This study investigates the phytochemical compostion, analgesic and anti- inflammatory properties of the plant. Methodology: Aqueous and ethanol extract of Celosia isertii was prepared and used for the experiment Results: Phytochemical studies carried out on aqueous and ethanol extract of Celosia isertii leaves showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, steroid, phytosterol, triterpenoid and phlobatannin. The anti-inflammatory study carried out on the albino rats that had their paw injected with carrageenan injection to induce edema, showed that at 250 mg/kg plant extract, the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract was slightly less compared to diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), a known anti-inflammatory drug. While the analgesic study done on mice in which acetic acid was injected to induce pain, showed that at 250mg/kg of plant extract, the analgesic effect of
Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resul... more Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It accounts for about 3% of all deaths globally and affects all glucose utilizing tissue leading to severe complications. One third of diabetes patients eventually develops renal complications and is the major cause of end stage renal disease the pathogenesis of which has been associated to oxidative stress. An alternative approach in the management of diabetes has focused on the role of herbs. In this study, Vernonia amygdalina a tropical savanna herb was studied for its potent antioxidant property and its ameliorative effect on diabetic renal complication. 40 adult male wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n=5) A-H. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted and fractionated using four solvents of varying polarity. The extracts were further concentrated and reconstituted and was administered to the animals. Group A were used as control, groups B-H were induced diabetes with a single intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg B.W. streptozotocin. Group B were induced with diabetes but left untreated, group C received metformin (50 mg/kg B.W.) while groups D-H received 300 mg/kg B.W of crude Vernonia and the respective fractions of the plants. Laboratory analysis at the end of the analysis showed that the plant crude and fraction reduced the level of fasting blood glucose between 30– 80%, increased serum catalase and superoxide dismutase level while decreasing malondialdehyde level. The plant caused significant reduction in serum creatinine level compared to the untreated diabetic groups and the control groups. The study shows that Vernonia amygdalina reduces oxidative stress by causing a balance in the oxidant–antioxidant level as well restores deranged renal function seen in diabetes mellitus.
The frequency at which diabetes mellitus ravages many societies is amazingly high, and this has r... more The frequency at which diabetes mellitus ravages many societies is amazingly high, and this has resulted to social, economical, financial and worse still health challenges to certain ethnic tribes in Nigeria and to most African communities at large. The study is targeted at examining the glucose lowering effect and possibly associated hypolipidaemic property of Dryopteris dilatata leaf extract in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This study was birthed to assess the effect of Dryopteris dilatata aqueous extract on serum glucose level and lipid profile in STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. However, the phytochemical composition as well as the LD50 was examined. Thirty adult (30) Wistar rats weighing between 180200g were selected into six (6) groups of five rats each (n=5). Groups 1 and 2 severed as untreated non-diabetic and untreated diabetic controls respectively. Single IP injections of STZ at a dose of 65mg/kg was given to induce diabetes in groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 and were treated with...
Heavy metals are considered as a major pollutant causing environmental cytotoxic, mutagenic and c... more Heavy metals are considered as a major pollutant causing environmental cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in animals and aquatic organisms. The study aims to analyze the presence of lead, cadmium and mercury on selected suya samples from Warri, Ughelli and Ozoro in Delta State, Nigeria. Quantitative analysis confirmed the presence of lead, cadmium and mercury in all suya samples analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury were 0.125±0.007, 0.140±0.006 and 0.150±0.040 for Warri respectively; 0.060±0.000, 0.075±0.003 and 0.120±0.009 for Ughelli respectively and 0.085±0.003, 0.110±0.050 and 0.090±0.010 for Ozoro suya respectively. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury in the suya samples were within the standard limits set by WHO, JECFA and EOSQC.A continuous monitoring program is recommended for suya processing outfits in order to preserve the ‘health’ of suya consumers.This study would be usefu...
Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, par... more Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, particularly developing countries. It is generally characterized by hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia culminating in severe morbidities. Epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials show that type 2 diabetes is largely preventable through diet and lifestyle modifications without major recourse to pharmacological measures. This study aimed to assess the antidiabetic and antilipidaemic activities of Allium cepa (onions) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight (8) groups of five rats each (n=5). Groups 1a and 2a served as the control groups. Diabetes was induced in the rats by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg). The normoglycaemic groups (1b, 1c and 1d) and the streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups (2b, 2c and 2d) were treated with graded doses of A. cepa extract (ACE) (0.4g/100gbw, and 0.6g/10...
The genus Manniophytum Fulvum belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, which is geographically dis... more The genus Manniophytum Fulvum belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, which is geographically distributed widely in tropical Africa. It has been investigated for a number of properties, such as analgesia, anti-inflammation and as remedy for cough, dysentery, haemorrhoids and haemoptysis. Aims: This study investigates the phytochemical composition and antidiarrheal properties of the plant. Methodology: Aqueous and ethanol leaves extracts of Manniophyton fulvum was prepared and used for the experiment. During the entire period of study the animals were supplied with standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. The animal experimentation was carried out accordance to the guidelines of Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). Results: Phytochemical studies carried out on aqueous and ethanol extract of Manniophyton fulvum leaves showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, steroid, phytosterol, triterpenoid and phlobatannin. The aqueous and e...
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016
The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude... more The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude extract and fractions on enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted using ethanol. Four fractions from this extract were obtained by liquid-liquid fractionation technique using solvents of varying polarity and the bioactive compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) analysis. Resultant fractions were administered at 300 mg/kgBW to streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) induced diabetic wistar rats. The results shows that various fractions produced a fall in the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats; Chloroform (65.85%), ethyl acetate (69.65%) Benzene Original Research Article
Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Introduction: There has been sufficient awareness on atherosclerosis but this has not reduced the... more Introduction: There has been sufficient awareness on atherosclerosis but this has not reduced the number of people with it. Atherosclerosis is promoted by low density lipoprotein (LDL) without sufficient removal of fats and cholesterol by high density lipoprotein (HDL). Stress is linked with hyperlipidemia, lowering HDL and increasing LDL levels. Citrus Limon is known for its rich minerals and flavonoid content which have been employed widely. This study is aimed at assessing the hypolipidemic effects of citrus Limon on Bilirubin, HDL and LDL levels.
Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, par... more Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, particularly developing countries. It is generally characterized by hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia culminating in severe morbidities. Epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials show that type 2 diabetes is largely preventable through diet and lifestyle modifications without major recourse to pharmacological measures. This study aimed to assess the antidiabetic and antilipidaemic activities of Allium cepa (onions) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight (8) groups of five rats each (n=5). Groups 1a and 2a served as the control groups. Diabetes was induced in the rats by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg). The normoglycaemic groups (1b, 1c and 1d) and the streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups (2b, 2c and 2d) were treated with graded doses of A. cepa extract (ACE) (0.4g/100gbw, and 0.6g/100gbw) and metformin (0.5g/100gbw) respectively 28days. The body weights and fasting glucose level of the animals were monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment the rats were sacrificed, blood samples were centrifuged to obtain the serum for biochemical analysis. The pancreases were excised for histological study. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS statistical tool and expressed as mean±SEM. Results show that ACE caused an increase in the average weight at the end of the experiments in all non-diabetic animals treated with varying doses of Allium cepa. Fasting blood glucose levels of diabetic rats was reduced by 50.00% and 35.05% on administration of 0.4g/100gbw and 0.6g/100gbw of Allium cepa respectively. Treatment with Allium cepa significantly (p<0.05) decreased the total cholesterol level (0.4gm/100gm [230.22±15.79], 0.6gm/100gm [220.75±21.06] in a dose dependent manner. The levels of triglycerides (180.10±15.64), high density lipoprotein (80.15±2.97) and low density lipoprotein (224.22±32.88) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats studied. Histology of the pancreas showed evidence of aplastic islet cells that were not healed by the Allium cepa or metformin. In conclusion, Allium Cepa (EXTRACT) demonstrated significant antidiabetic and antilipidemic activities in diabetic rat, but the mechanism needs to be established.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resul... more Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It accounts for about 3% of all deaths globally and affects all glucose utilizing tissue leading to severe complications. One third of diabetes patients eventually develops renal complications and is the major cause of end stage renal disease the pathogenesis of which has been associated to oxidative stress. An alternative approach in the management of diabetes has focused on the role of herbs. In this study, Vernonia amygdalina a tropical savanna herb was studied for its potent antioxidant property and its ameliorative effect on diabetic renal complication. 40 adult male wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n=5) A-H. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted and fractionated using four solvents of varying polarity. The extracts were further concentrated and reconstituted and was administered to the animals. Group A were used as control, groups B-H were induced diabetes with a single intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg B.W. streptozotocin. Group B were induced with diabetes but left untreated, group C received metformin (50 mg/kg B.W.) while groups D-H received 300 mg/kg B.W of crude Vernonia and the respective fractions of the plants. Laboratory analysis at the end of the analysis showed that the plant crude and fraction reduced the level of fasting blood glucose between 30-80%, increased serum catalase and superoxide dismutase level while decreasing malondialdehyde level. The plant caused significant reduction in serum creatinine level compared to the untreated diabetic groups and the control groups. The study shows that Vernonia amygdalina reduces oxidative stress by causing a balance in the oxidant-antioxidant level as well restores deranged renal function seen in diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resul... more Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It accounts for about 3% of all deaths globally and affects all glucose utilizing tissue leading to severe complications. One third of diabetes patients eventually develops renal complications and is the major cause of end stage renal disease the pathogenesis of which has been associated to oxidative stress. An alternative approach in the management of diabetes has focused on the role of herbs. In this study, Vernonia amygdalina a tropical savanna herb was studied for its potent antioxidant property and its ameliorative effect on diabetic renal complication. 40 adult male wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n=5) A-H. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted and fractionated using four solvents of varying polarity. The extracts were further concentrated and reconstituted and was administered to the animals. Group A were used as control, groups B-H were induced diabetes with a single intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg B.W. streptozotocin. Group B were induced with diabetes but left untreated, group C received metformin (50 mg/kg B.W.) while groups D-H received 300 mg/kg B.W of crude Vernonia and the respective fractions of the plants. Laboratory analysis at the end of the analysis showed that the plant crude and fraction reduced the level of fasting blood glucose between 30– 80%, increased serum catalase and superoxide dismutase level while decreasing malondialdehyde level. The plant caused significant reduction in serum creatinine level compared to the untreated diabetic groups and the control groups. The study shows that Vernonia amygdalina reduces oxidative stress by causing a balance in the oxidant–antioxidant level as well restores deranged renal function seen in diabetes mellitus.
The genus Manniophytum Fulvum belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, which is geographically dis... more The genus Manniophytum Fulvum belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, which is geographically distributed widely in tropical Africa. It has been investigated for a number of properties, such as analgesia, anti-inflammation and as remedy for cough, dysentery, haemorrhoids and haemoptysis. Aims: This study investigates the phytochemical composition and antidiarrheal properties of the plant. Methodology: Aqueous and ethanol leaves extracts of Manniophyton fulvum was prepared and used for the experiment. During the entire period of study the animals were supplied with standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. The animal experimentation was carried out accordance to the guidelines of Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). Results: Phytochemical studies carried out on aqueous and ethanol extract of Manniophyton fulvum leaves showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, steroid, phytosterol, triterpenoid and phlobatannin. The aqueous and ethanol leaves extracts of Manniophyton fulvum showed significant (p<0.05) antidiarrheal activity on gastrointestinal motility with barium sulfate milk and castor oil-induced diarrheal model in rats. Conclusion: These result obtained in this study, suggest that the leaves extract possess pharmacological activity against diarrhea and may find a place in the management of illness that present with diarrheal.
Heavy metals are considered as a major pollutant causing environmental cytotoxic, mutagenic and c... more Heavy metals are considered as a major pollutant causing environmental cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in animals and aquatic organisms. The study aims to analyze the presence of lead, cadmium and mercury on selected suya samples from Warri, Ughelli and Ozoro in Delta State, Nigeria. Quantitative analysis confirmed the presence of lead, cadmium and mercury in all suya samples analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury were 0.125±0.007, 0.140±0.006 and 0.150±0.040 for Warri respectively; 0.060±0.000, 0.075±0.003 and 0.120±0.009 for Ughelli respectively and 0.085±0.003, 0.110±0.050 and 0.090±0.010 for Ozoro suya respectively. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury in the suya samples were within the standard limits set by WHO, JECFA and EOSQC.A continuous monitoring program is recommended for suya processing outfits in order to preserve the 'health' of suya consumers.This study would be useful for the creation of guidelines to protect the public from the harmful effects of the heavy metal toxicants present in suya generally consumed by the public.
Diabetes mellitus is a major health growing problem in most countries. The present study was to e... more Diabetes mellitus is a major health growing problem in most countries. The present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of methanolic extract of Cissampelos owariensis in normal and alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats at two different concentration i.e. 200 and 400 mg/kg of bw. At the end of the experiment the rats were sacrificed, blood samples were collected and centrifuged to obtain the serum for biochemical analysis. The pancreases were also collected for histological study. Data were analyzed using SPSS package and expressed as mean± SEM. The methanolic extract of both the concentrations exhibited significantly reduced the blood glucose level in normal and diabetic rats. Also the extract significantly decreased serum total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and AST and ALT levels and at the same time increased liver glycogen content. OGTT was performed by administration of 200 mg and 400 mg of methanolic extract of Cissampelos owariensis and 7mg of glibenclamide as standard drug which significantly lower glucose level at all time points that blood was sampled after oral glucose load. Conclusively, it is evident that methanolic extract of Cissampelos owariensis leaves contains antihyperglycemic agents capable of lowering blood glucose level, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effect.
Celosia isertii, a small genus of edible and ornamental plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthac... more Celosia isertii, a small genus of edible and ornamental plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae, has been investigated for a number of properties, such as anti-diabetic activity, hepatoprotective property, anti-diarrheal property and lots more. Aims: This study investigates the phytochemical compostion, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the plant. Methodology: Aqueous and ethanol extract of Celosia isertii was prepared and used for the experiment Results: Phytochemical studies carried out on aqueous and ethanol extract of Celosia isertii leaves showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, steroid, phytosterol, triterpenoid and phlobatannin. The anti-inflammatory study carried out on the albino rats that had their paw injected with carrageenan injection to induce edema, showed that at 250 mg/kg plant extract, the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract was slightly less compared to diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), a known anti-inflammatory drug. While the analgesic study done on mice in which acetic acid was injected to induce pain, showed that at 250mg/kg of plant extract, the analgesic effect of Research Article European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 3(3): 369-380, 2013 370 diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), was greater than the aqueous extract, but less than the ethanol extract. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that Celosia isertii has potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and therefore can be useful in painful inflammatory conditions.
The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude... more The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude extract and fractions on enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted using ethanol. Four fractions from this extract were obtained by liquid-liquid fractionation technique using solvents of varying polarity and the bioactive compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) analysis. Resultant fractions were administered at 300 mg/kgBW to streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) induced diabetic wistar rats. The results shows that various fractions produced a fall in the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats; Chloroform (65.85%), ethyl acetate (69.65%) Benzene Original Research Article
Diabetes is a major degenerative disease affecting at least 15 million people and having complica... more Diabetes is a major degenerative disease affecting at least 15 million people and having complications which include hypertension, atherosclerosis and microcirculatory disorders. At least 80% of Africans rely on plant medicine for their healthcare in the management of diabetes and other diseases. The present review paper unveils the roles of Capsicum in diabetes mellitus. The review reported Capsicum to possess hypoglycemic, insulinomimetic or secretagogues properties, weight reducing effect and hypolipidemic properties in diabetes. The roles played by Capsicum in diabetes could be traced to its antioxidant properties embedded in its phytoconstituents. We recommend further research on this plant.
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism whose prevalence is rising glo... more Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism whose prevalence is rising globally. The hypoglycemic property of raw Allium cepa has been established by several authors, and this study, was carried out to investigate the effect of heat on the hypoglycemic property of Allium cepa. This is against the backdrop that Allium cepa is mostly consumed boiled in Africa and several parts of the World. 40 Wistar rats were used for the study and diabetes was induced in 35 of them using single intraperitoneal dose of 40mgkg-1 of alloxan monohydrate. There were eight groups (n= 5). Group one and two served as the control groups, group three is insulin and group four is metformin. Group five to eight were treatment groups. Result showed the following reduction at 400 mgkg-1 (raw- 57.2%; boiled-41.3%). At 600 mgkg-1, (raw-30.9%; boiled-20.9%). It is therefore concluded based on these findings that boiling Allium cepa reduced its hypoglycemic potential and hence its effectivenes...
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016
The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude... more The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude extract and fractions on enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted using ethanol. Four fractions from this extract were obtained by liquid-liquid fractionation technique using solvents of varying polarity and the bioactive compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) analysis. Resultant fractions were administered at 300 mg/kgBW to streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) induced diabetic wistar rats. The results shows that various fractions produced a fall in the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats; Chloroform (65.85%), ethyl acetate (69.65%) Benzene Original Research Article
Aim of the Study: This study investigates the effects of Capsicum frutescens supplemented diet (C... more Aim of the Study: This study investigates the effects of Capsicum frutescens supplemented diet (C.F.S.D) on fasting blood glucose level, biochemical parameters and body weight in alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats. Experimental Design: 130-150g healthy forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as following; Group 1 served as a normal control and received normal feed-. Group 2 (Diabetic control) received normal feed-. Group 3 (Diabetic test 1) received normal feed + 1g Capsicum frutescens.-. Group 4 (Diabetic test 2) received normal feed + 2g Capsicum frutescens.
Celosia isertii , a small genus of edible and ornamental plants in the amaranth family, Amarantha... more Celosia isertii , a small genus of edible and ornamental plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae, has been investigated for a number of properties, such as anti-diabetic activity, hepatoprotective property, anti-diarrheal property and lots more. Aims: This study investigates the phytochemical compostion, analgesic and anti- inflammatory properties of the plant. Methodology: Aqueous and ethanol extract of Celosia isertii was prepared and used for the experiment Results: Phytochemical studies carried out on aqueous and ethanol extract of Celosia isertii leaves showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, steroid, phytosterol, triterpenoid and phlobatannin. The anti-inflammatory study carried out on the albino rats that had their paw injected with carrageenan injection to induce edema, showed that at 250 mg/kg plant extract, the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract was slightly less compared to diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), a known anti-inflammatory drug. While the analgesic study done on mice in which acetic acid was injected to induce pain, showed that at 250mg/kg of plant extract, the analgesic effect of
Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resul... more Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It accounts for about 3% of all deaths globally and affects all glucose utilizing tissue leading to severe complications. One third of diabetes patients eventually develops renal complications and is the major cause of end stage renal disease the pathogenesis of which has been associated to oxidative stress. An alternative approach in the management of diabetes has focused on the role of herbs. In this study, Vernonia amygdalina a tropical savanna herb was studied for its potent antioxidant property and its ameliorative effect on diabetic renal complication. 40 adult male wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n=5) A-H. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted and fractionated using four solvents of varying polarity. The extracts were further concentrated and reconstituted and was administered to the animals. Group A were used as control, groups B-H were induced diabetes with a single intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg B.W. streptozotocin. Group B were induced with diabetes but left untreated, group C received metformin (50 mg/kg B.W.) while groups D-H received 300 mg/kg B.W of crude Vernonia and the respective fractions of the plants. Laboratory analysis at the end of the analysis showed that the plant crude and fraction reduced the level of fasting blood glucose between 30– 80%, increased serum catalase and superoxide dismutase level while decreasing malondialdehyde level. The plant caused significant reduction in serum creatinine level compared to the untreated diabetic groups and the control groups. The study shows that Vernonia amygdalina reduces oxidative stress by causing a balance in the oxidant–antioxidant level as well restores deranged renal function seen in diabetes mellitus.
The frequency at which diabetes mellitus ravages many societies is amazingly high, and this has r... more The frequency at which diabetes mellitus ravages many societies is amazingly high, and this has resulted to social, economical, financial and worse still health challenges to certain ethnic tribes in Nigeria and to most African communities at large. The study is targeted at examining the glucose lowering effect and possibly associated hypolipidaemic property of Dryopteris dilatata leaf extract in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This study was birthed to assess the effect of Dryopteris dilatata aqueous extract on serum glucose level and lipid profile in STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. However, the phytochemical composition as well as the LD50 was examined. Thirty adult (30) Wistar rats weighing between 180200g were selected into six (6) groups of five rats each (n=5). Groups 1 and 2 severed as untreated non-diabetic and untreated diabetic controls respectively. Single IP injections of STZ at a dose of 65mg/kg was given to induce diabetes in groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 and were treated with...
Heavy metals are considered as a major pollutant causing environmental cytotoxic, mutagenic and c... more Heavy metals are considered as a major pollutant causing environmental cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in animals and aquatic organisms. The study aims to analyze the presence of lead, cadmium and mercury on selected suya samples from Warri, Ughelli and Ozoro in Delta State, Nigeria. Quantitative analysis confirmed the presence of lead, cadmium and mercury in all suya samples analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury were 0.125±0.007, 0.140±0.006 and 0.150±0.040 for Warri respectively; 0.060±0.000, 0.075±0.003 and 0.120±0.009 for Ughelli respectively and 0.085±0.003, 0.110±0.050 and 0.090±0.010 for Ozoro suya respectively. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury in the suya samples were within the standard limits set by WHO, JECFA and EOSQC.A continuous monitoring program is recommended for suya processing outfits in order to preserve the ‘health’ of suya consumers.This study would be usefu...
Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, par... more Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, particularly developing countries. It is generally characterized by hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia culminating in severe morbidities. Epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials show that type 2 diabetes is largely preventable through diet and lifestyle modifications without major recourse to pharmacological measures. This study aimed to assess the antidiabetic and antilipidaemic activities of Allium cepa (onions) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight (8) groups of five rats each (n=5). Groups 1a and 2a served as the control groups. Diabetes was induced in the rats by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg). The normoglycaemic groups (1b, 1c and 1d) and the streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups (2b, 2c and 2d) were treated with graded doses of A. cepa extract (ACE) (0.4g/100gbw, and 0.6g/10...
The genus Manniophytum Fulvum belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, which is geographically dis... more The genus Manniophytum Fulvum belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, which is geographically distributed widely in tropical Africa. It has been investigated for a number of properties, such as analgesia, anti-inflammation and as remedy for cough, dysentery, haemorrhoids and haemoptysis. Aims: This study investigates the phytochemical composition and antidiarrheal properties of the plant. Methodology: Aqueous and ethanol leaves extracts of Manniophyton fulvum was prepared and used for the experiment. During the entire period of study the animals were supplied with standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. The animal experimentation was carried out accordance to the guidelines of Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). Results: Phytochemical studies carried out on aqueous and ethanol extract of Manniophyton fulvum leaves showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, steroid, phytosterol, triterpenoid and phlobatannin. The aqueous and e...
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016
The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude... more The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude extract and fractions on enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted using ethanol. Four fractions from this extract were obtained by liquid-liquid fractionation technique using solvents of varying polarity and the bioactive compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) analysis. Resultant fractions were administered at 300 mg/kgBW to streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) induced diabetic wistar rats. The results shows that various fractions produced a fall in the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats; Chloroform (65.85%), ethyl acetate (69.65%) Benzene Original Research Article
Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Introduction: There has been sufficient awareness on atherosclerosis but this has not reduced the... more Introduction: There has been sufficient awareness on atherosclerosis but this has not reduced the number of people with it. Atherosclerosis is promoted by low density lipoprotein (LDL) without sufficient removal of fats and cholesterol by high density lipoprotein (HDL). Stress is linked with hyperlipidemia, lowering HDL and increasing LDL levels. Citrus Limon is known for its rich minerals and flavonoid content which have been employed widely. This study is aimed at assessing the hypolipidemic effects of citrus Limon on Bilirubin, HDL and LDL levels.
Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, par... more Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, particularly developing countries. It is generally characterized by hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia culminating in severe morbidities. Epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials show that type 2 diabetes is largely preventable through diet and lifestyle modifications without major recourse to pharmacological measures. This study aimed to assess the antidiabetic and antilipidaemic activities of Allium cepa (onions) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight (8) groups of five rats each (n=5). Groups 1a and 2a served as the control groups. Diabetes was induced in the rats by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg). The normoglycaemic groups (1b, 1c and 1d) and the streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups (2b, 2c and 2d) were treated with graded doses of A. cepa extract (ACE) (0.4g/100gbw, and 0.6g/100gbw) and metformin (0.5g/100gbw) respectively 28days. The body weights and fasting glucose level of the animals were monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment the rats were sacrificed, blood samples were centrifuged to obtain the serum for biochemical analysis. The pancreases were excised for histological study. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS statistical tool and expressed as mean±SEM. Results show that ACE caused an increase in the average weight at the end of the experiments in all non-diabetic animals treated with varying doses of Allium cepa. Fasting blood glucose levels of diabetic rats was reduced by 50.00% and 35.05% on administration of 0.4g/100gbw and 0.6g/100gbw of Allium cepa respectively. Treatment with Allium cepa significantly (p<0.05) decreased the total cholesterol level (0.4gm/100gm [230.22±15.79], 0.6gm/100gm [220.75±21.06] in a dose dependent manner. The levels of triglycerides (180.10±15.64), high density lipoprotein (80.15±2.97) and low density lipoprotein (224.22±32.88) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats studied. Histology of the pancreas showed evidence of aplastic islet cells that were not healed by the Allium cepa or metformin. In conclusion, Allium Cepa (EXTRACT) demonstrated significant antidiabetic and antilipidemic activities in diabetic rat, but the mechanism needs to be established.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resul... more Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It accounts for about 3% of all deaths globally and affects all glucose utilizing tissue leading to severe complications. One third of diabetes patients eventually develops renal complications and is the major cause of end stage renal disease the pathogenesis of which has been associated to oxidative stress. An alternative approach in the management of diabetes has focused on the role of herbs. In this study, Vernonia amygdalina a tropical savanna herb was studied for its potent antioxidant property and its ameliorative effect on diabetic renal complication. 40 adult male wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n=5) A-H. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted and fractionated using four solvents of varying polarity. The extracts were further concentrated and reconstituted and was administered to the animals. Group A were used as control, groups B-H were induced diabetes with a single intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg B.W. streptozotocin. Group B were induced with diabetes but left untreated, group C received metformin (50 mg/kg B.W.) while groups D-H received 300 mg/kg B.W of crude Vernonia and the respective fractions of the plants. Laboratory analysis at the end of the analysis showed that the plant crude and fraction reduced the level of fasting blood glucose between 30-80%, increased serum catalase and superoxide dismutase level while decreasing malondialdehyde level. The plant caused significant reduction in serum creatinine level compared to the untreated diabetic groups and the control groups. The study shows that Vernonia amygdalina reduces oxidative stress by causing a balance in the oxidant-antioxidant level as well restores deranged renal function seen in diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resul... more Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It accounts for about 3% of all deaths globally and affects all glucose utilizing tissue leading to severe complications. One third of diabetes patients eventually develops renal complications and is the major cause of end stage renal disease the pathogenesis of which has been associated to oxidative stress. An alternative approach in the management of diabetes has focused on the role of herbs. In this study, Vernonia amygdalina a tropical savanna herb was studied for its potent antioxidant property and its ameliorative effect on diabetic renal complication. 40 adult male wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n=5) A-H. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted and fractionated using four solvents of varying polarity. The extracts were further concentrated and reconstituted and was administered to the animals. Group A were used as control, groups B-H were induced diabetes with a single intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg B.W. streptozotocin. Group B were induced with diabetes but left untreated, group C received metformin (50 mg/kg B.W.) while groups D-H received 300 mg/kg B.W of crude Vernonia and the respective fractions of the plants. Laboratory analysis at the end of the analysis showed that the plant crude and fraction reduced the level of fasting blood glucose between 30– 80%, increased serum catalase and superoxide dismutase level while decreasing malondialdehyde level. The plant caused significant reduction in serum creatinine level compared to the untreated diabetic groups and the control groups. The study shows that Vernonia amygdalina reduces oxidative stress by causing a balance in the oxidant–antioxidant level as well restores deranged renal function seen in diabetes mellitus.
The genus Manniophytum Fulvum belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, which is geographically dis... more The genus Manniophytum Fulvum belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, which is geographically distributed widely in tropical Africa. It has been investigated for a number of properties, such as analgesia, anti-inflammation and as remedy for cough, dysentery, haemorrhoids and haemoptysis. Aims: This study investigates the phytochemical composition and antidiarrheal properties of the plant. Methodology: Aqueous and ethanol leaves extracts of Manniophyton fulvum was prepared and used for the experiment. During the entire period of study the animals were supplied with standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. The animal experimentation was carried out accordance to the guidelines of Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). Results: Phytochemical studies carried out on aqueous and ethanol extract of Manniophyton fulvum leaves showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, steroid, phytosterol, triterpenoid and phlobatannin. The aqueous and ethanol leaves extracts of Manniophyton fulvum showed significant (p<0.05) antidiarrheal activity on gastrointestinal motility with barium sulfate milk and castor oil-induced diarrheal model in rats. Conclusion: These result obtained in this study, suggest that the leaves extract possess pharmacological activity against diarrhea and may find a place in the management of illness that present with diarrheal.
Heavy metals are considered as a major pollutant causing environmental cytotoxic, mutagenic and c... more Heavy metals are considered as a major pollutant causing environmental cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in animals and aquatic organisms. The study aims to analyze the presence of lead, cadmium and mercury on selected suya samples from Warri, Ughelli and Ozoro in Delta State, Nigeria. Quantitative analysis confirmed the presence of lead, cadmium and mercury in all suya samples analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury were 0.125±0.007, 0.140±0.006 and 0.150±0.040 for Warri respectively; 0.060±0.000, 0.075±0.003 and 0.120±0.009 for Ughelli respectively and 0.085±0.003, 0.110±0.050 and 0.090±0.010 for Ozoro suya respectively. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury in the suya samples were within the standard limits set by WHO, JECFA and EOSQC.A continuous monitoring program is recommended for suya processing outfits in order to preserve the 'health' of suya consumers.This study would be useful for the creation of guidelines to protect the public from the harmful effects of the heavy metal toxicants present in suya generally consumed by the public.
Diabetes mellitus is a major health growing problem in most countries. The present study was to e... more Diabetes mellitus is a major health growing problem in most countries. The present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of methanolic extract of Cissampelos owariensis in normal and alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats at two different concentration i.e. 200 and 400 mg/kg of bw. At the end of the experiment the rats were sacrificed, blood samples were collected and centrifuged to obtain the serum for biochemical analysis. The pancreases were also collected for histological study. Data were analyzed using SPSS package and expressed as mean± SEM. The methanolic extract of both the concentrations exhibited significantly reduced the blood glucose level in normal and diabetic rats. Also the extract significantly decreased serum total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and AST and ALT levels and at the same time increased liver glycogen content. OGTT was performed by administration of 200 mg and 400 mg of methanolic extract of Cissampelos owariensis and 7mg of glibenclamide as standard drug which significantly lower glucose level at all time points that blood was sampled after oral glucose load. Conclusively, it is evident that methanolic extract of Cissampelos owariensis leaves contains antihyperglycemic agents capable of lowering blood glucose level, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effect.
Celosia isertii, a small genus of edible and ornamental plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthac... more Celosia isertii, a small genus of edible and ornamental plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae, has been investigated for a number of properties, such as anti-diabetic activity, hepatoprotective property, anti-diarrheal property and lots more. Aims: This study investigates the phytochemical compostion, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the plant. Methodology: Aqueous and ethanol extract of Celosia isertii was prepared and used for the experiment Results: Phytochemical studies carried out on aqueous and ethanol extract of Celosia isertii leaves showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, steroid, phytosterol, triterpenoid and phlobatannin. The anti-inflammatory study carried out on the albino rats that had their paw injected with carrageenan injection to induce edema, showed that at 250 mg/kg plant extract, the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract was slightly less compared to diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), a known anti-inflammatory drug. While the analgesic study done on mice in which acetic acid was injected to induce pain, showed that at 250mg/kg of plant extract, the analgesic effect of Research Article European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 3(3): 369-380, 2013 370 diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), was greater than the aqueous extract, but less than the ethanol extract. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that Celosia isertii has potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and therefore can be useful in painful inflammatory conditions.
The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude... more The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude extract and fractions on enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted using ethanol. Four fractions from this extract were obtained by liquid-liquid fractionation technique using solvents of varying polarity and the bioactive compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) analysis. Resultant fractions were administered at 300 mg/kgBW to streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) induced diabetic wistar rats. The results shows that various fractions produced a fall in the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats; Chloroform (65.85%), ethyl acetate (69.65%) Benzene Original Research Article
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