Resultats des mesures par analyse par activation neutronique de 26 elements dans 12 verres proven... more Resultats des mesures par analyse par activation neutronique de 26 elements dans 12 verres provenant d'objets archeologiques du 9eme et 10eme siecle de la seconde capitale bulgare Preslav
Sur la base d'un examen bibliographique approfondi, 23 elements (Al, Ca, Ce, Co, Cs, Cr, Cu, ... more Sur la base d'un examen bibliographique approfondi, 23 elements (Al, Ca, Ce, Co, Cs, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hf, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Rb, Se, Si, Sm, Sr, Ti, Th, V, Zr) ont ete definis comme etant les plus importants dans la classification des ceramiques en vue de l'etude de leurs origines. Des considerations sur l'application des differentes methodes analytiques pour la determination des elements preconises sont discutees.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1986
A neutron activation determination of the content of129I in the cooling water of nuclear power re... more A neutron activation determination of the content of129I in the cooling water of nuclear power reactors is described.129I is coprecipitated as PbI2. After neutron irradiation the gamma-spectrum of PbI2 is measured. The detection limit for129I is 2.9 mBq/dm3. The applicability of X-ray spectrometry for129I determination is also evaluated. The proposed methods are applied for determination of the129I content of the cooling water of WWR-440 type reactors at the nuclear power station “Kozloduy”, Bulgaria
Това е втората книга от научната поредица "Studies in Archaeological Sciences" и се нарича "Лапис... more Това е втората книга от научната поредица "Studies in Archaeological Sciences" и се нарича "Лапис Лазули от пещта" ("Lapis Lazuli from the Kiln"). Книгата е написана от Андрю Шортланд (Andrew Shortland), който е автор на една от работите, посветени на стъклата и включени в първия том от поредицата (виж Кулев 2013). Шортланд е археолог, преподавател в Университета в Кранфилд във Великобритания. Той проучва стъклопроизводството в Близкия изток и Египет, и както отбелязва сам, написването на книгата му отнема 5 години. Книгата е предназначена за студентите по археология, посветили се на изучаване на стъклото и стъклопроизводството, което е представено от зараждането му и в развитие. Според мен, обаче, книгата ще е полезна и за редица хора, усвоили начините на изследване в археологията и работещи със стъклото като материал, добит в древните археологически времена. Тя ще е от полза и за хора от областта на т. нар. "точни науки"-химия, физика, геология, които са готови да се "потопят" в изследването на археологически находки от стъкло. Книгата съдържа 260 страници, а на последните 28 от тях са представени и цветни снимки на различни стъклени изделия, намерени при разкопки в Близкия изток или Египет и съхранявани днес в различни музеи. Добавен е и 9 страници речник, в който наред с посочените имена на египетски фараони, царе от Близкия изток, градове от Близкия изток и Египет, свързани със стъклото, така и думи и понятия в стък-Рецензии / Reviews Be-JA Bulgarian e-Journal of Archaeology Бе-СА Българско е-Списание за Археология http://be-ja.org
A few years ago, 25 gold appliqués with a total weight of 255 g and dated to a period between the... more A few years ago, 25 gold appliqués with a total weight of 255 g and dated to a period between the 5th and the 3rd centuries BC were offered to the National History Museum in Sofia (Bulgaria). Some Bulgarian archaeologists – experts in the field of toreutics – expressed the opinion that the offered finds are originals. At the same time, the results of an investigation carried out by the Bulgarian Police brought evidence to the contrary, and, on these bases, started a hearing of the case. Using a non-destructive method of investigation (ED-XRF), the concentrations of Ag, Au, and Cu were determined. A detailed observation of the surface of the finds with reflective optical microscopy was carried out, and, at the same time, stylistic parallels of the offered finds were sought by comparing them to the known similar ancient appliqués. On the bases of the chemical composition, technological observations, and the comparison with parallels of similar chronological finds reported in the liter...
... 2 (continued) Shape A106 executed in Grey Minyan ware is a Troian imitation of a Knobbedware ... more ... 2 (continued) Shape A106 executed in Grey Minyan ware is a Troian imitation of a Knobbedware pot-a phenomenon reverse to that described in the text Knobbed Ware-Import or Local product? ... 37.301-305 117.616. 305 Grey Minyan Tan ware FG002122 A7. ...
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1995
A scheme for INAA of native copper, which permits the determination of 22-24 dements is proposed.... more A scheme for INAA of native copper, which permits the determination of 22-24 dements is proposed. The possible error source in INAA of native copper and other types of more or less pure copper are evaluated quantitatively. The accuracy and precis ion of the analyses are tested by comparison with NIST-SRM's. The applicability of the proposed method for archaeometfic investigations is demonstrated by the analysis of two samples of native copper and two eneolithic archaeological artifacts from Rulgaria.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2002
The problems of determination of zinc in clay, ceramics and soils via 65Zn using INAA are discuss... more The problems of determination of zinc in clay, ceramics and soils via 65Zn using INAA are discussed. The applicability of different approaches for solving the influence of 46Sc and 152Eu by gamma-spectrometry on the line of 65Zn at 1115.5 keV are experimentally evaluated. The application of the correction program ANGES for the calculation of the net peak area is demonstrated.
PIXE and PIGE were used for determination of 23 elements in 50 glass samples excavated in Zlatna ... more PIXE and PIGE were used for determination of 23 elements in 50 glass samples excavated in Zlatna Livada – South Bulgaria (dated 11 th -12 th century AD). Elemental concentrations show that the analyzed fragments belong to soda-lime-silica glasses. Cluster analysis and bivariate plots indicate the use of natron, plant ash and mixed alkalis as well as production according Near East and Roman-province recipes. The metal oxides responsible for coloration were also investigated. The blue and blue-green colors are due either to CoO or to high concentration of FeO (blue: 3.3-6.3%, blue-green: 1.23-2.83%), melted in reducing atmosphere. The melting under oxidizing environment determined the higher oxidation state of iron oxide and the green color of some of the glasses (0.73.4% Fe2O3). Different shades of brown color are due to the high concentration of Fe2O3 (2.4-4.9%) and Mn2O3 (0.3-0.7%) melted in oxidizing atmosphere. Discoloration of the glasses is achieved by the presence of high amou...
Archaeometry is a typically interdisciplinary field where successful research demands the partici... more Archaeometry is a typically interdisciplinary field where successful research demands the participation of specialists in at least two scientific fields—archaeology and natural sciences (chemists or physicists or geologists or biologists). The following contribution describes briefly the benefits an...
The possibilities of inductively coupled plasma atomic mass spectrometry for determination of ele... more The possibilities of inductively coupled plasma atomic mass spectrometry for determination of elemental composition of archaeological bones for reconstruction of paleodiet are discussed. The interferences of different polyatomic ions on the determination of Fe, Cu, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Zr are investigated and evaluated. Thus, a method for the determination of Al, As, Ba, Mg, Pb, Sr, V, Zn, and Zr is proposed and is validated by analysis of IAEA-SRM-H-5 (animal bone). The applicability of the proposed procedure is demonstrated analyzing real archaeological bone samples dated to 4th century b.c. and the results are compared with the data obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
The neutron activation analysis results from 30 glass samples were subjected to cluster analysis.... more The neutron activation analysis results from 30 glass samples were subjected to cluster analysis. The reliable localization of part of the medieval glass finds from Preslav enabled the evaluation of the variety of the production of a medieval glass workshop (ninth-tenth century), allowing conclusions to be made about the technological level of glass-making in Bulgaria during the Middle Ages. The work proved that NAA followed by cluster analysis is a successful approach to finding the local and chronological features of the investigated glasses.
The uranium content of the thermal waters in the Chepino valley wa.q determined in a period of in... more The uranium content of the thermal waters in the Chepino valley wa.q determined in a period of increased seismic activity. Significant changes in the uranium concentration, much above the normal background values were established. In one group of water sources a well-expressed synchrony in the uranium content variations is observed and the maximum is reached about 1.5-2 months after the initial strong seismic shock.
A method for the analysis of uranium in natural waters based on preconcentration of uranium on ac... more A method for the analysis of uranium in natural waters based on preconcentration of uranium on activated carbon, irradiation with epithermal neutrons, and a high resolution gamma-spectrometry of 239Np was developed. The chemical yield of uranium preconcentration is determined by treating a parallel sample to which a known uranium quantity is added. The lower limit of determination amounts to 1.4-10-~ g uranium per liter. The possible interfering in gamma-spectrometry of neptunium-239 was discussed too. The applicability of the proposed method is shown by the analysis of uranium in ,sea-, river-, geothermal-, drinking-and rain-water samples.
Fifteen samples of medieval glazed pottery from Drastar (present day Silistra), Bulgaria, dated b... more Fifteen samples of medieval glazed pottery from Drastar (present day Silistra), Bulgaria, dated between 10 th and 18 th centuries AD were studied. he element concentration of the glazes was determined by Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Proton Induced Gamma Emission (PIGE) analysis. he composition of the clay bodies was studied by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) after pelletization of the powdered clay. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used for characterization of the clay bodies. After subtraction of the PbO and CuO content, the comparison between the compositions of the clay bodies and the glazes revealed that both the calcareous and the non-calcareous samples were glazed using a lead oxide based preparation followed by iring in oxidizing atmosphere. Furthermore, it was shown that iron, copper and manganese oxides were used to achieve the desired colors. Résumé : Quinze échantillons de céramiques glaçurées médiévales de Drastar (aujourd'hui Silistra), en Bulgarie, datés entre les X e et XVIII e siècles après J.-C. ont été étudiés. Les compositions élémentaires des glaçures ont été déterminées par les méthodes analytiques : émission de rayons X induite par protons (PIXE) et émission de rayons gamma induite par protons (PIGE). La composition de la matrice argileuse a été étudiée par spectrométrie de masse á plasma inductif avec ablation laser (LA-ICP-MS) sur pastilles des poudres d'argiles. En complément, la microscopie électronique à balayage couplée á la spectroscopie X en dispersion d'énergie (SEM-EDX) a été aussi utilisée pour la caractérisation des matrices argileuses. Après soustraction des teneurs en PbO et CuO, la comparaison entre les compositions des matrices et celles des glaçures a révélé que tous les échantillons (pâtes calcaires et non calcaires) ont été glaçurés en utilisant de l'oxyde de plomb suivi d'une cuisson en atmosphère oxydante. De plus, il a été montré que le fer, le cuivre et les oxydes de manganèse ont été utilisés pour obtenir les couleurs souhaitées.
A few years ago, 25 gold appliqués with a total weight of 255 g and dated to a period between the... more A few years ago, 25 gold appliqués with a total weight of 255 g and dated to a period between the 5 th and the 3 rd centuries BC were ofered to the National History Museum in Soia (Bulgaria). Some Bulgarian archaeologists-experts in the ield of toreutics-expressed the opinion that the ofered inds are originals. At the same time, the results of an investigation carried out by the Bulgarian Police brought evidence to the contrary, and, on these bases, started a hearing of the case. Using a non-destructive method of investigation (ED-XRF), the concentrations of Ag, Au, and Cu were determined. A detailed observation of the surface of the inds with relective optical microscopy was carried out, and, at the same time, stylistic parallels of the ofered inds were sought by comparing them to the known similar ancient appliqués. On the bases of the chemical composition, technological observations, and the comparison with parallels of similar chronological inds reported in the literature, we established that the 25 golden appliqués ofered to the Museum by the treasure hunters are fake. Résumé : Il y a quelques années, le Musée National de Soia (Bulgarie) a acquis 25 appliqués en or, d'un poids total de 255 gr, datées du V e-III e siècle av. J.-C. Des archéologues bulgares, experts en toreutique, ont identiié les objets comme étant des originaux. Cependant, des recherches menées par la Police bulgare ont débouché sur une remise en question de l'authenticité de ces pièces. Une étude non destructive (par ED-FX) a permis de déterminer les concentrations d'argent, d'or et de cuivre des appliqués en or. Leur surface a été observée minutieusement au microscope optique et une analyse stylistique et iconographique a été réalisée. Les résultats de l'analyse de la composition chimique du métal, les observations technologiques et la comparaison avec des parallèles archéologiques ont inalement permis de formuler la thèse que ces 25 appliques en or sont fausses.
A quick approach for reliable prediction of metal concentrations in agricultural plants within an... more A quick approach for reliable prediction of metal concentrations in agricultural plants within an ecosystem using one reference plant and earlier derived bioconversion factors (the ratios of pollutant concentration in reference plant to its concentration in another plant) is proposed. The bioconversion factors for Al,
Resultats des mesures par analyse par activation neutronique de 26 elements dans 12 verres proven... more Resultats des mesures par analyse par activation neutronique de 26 elements dans 12 verres provenant d'objets archeologiques du 9eme et 10eme siecle de la seconde capitale bulgare Preslav
Sur la base d'un examen bibliographique approfondi, 23 elements (Al, Ca, Ce, Co, Cs, Cr, Cu, ... more Sur la base d'un examen bibliographique approfondi, 23 elements (Al, Ca, Ce, Co, Cs, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hf, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Rb, Se, Si, Sm, Sr, Ti, Th, V, Zr) ont ete definis comme etant les plus importants dans la classification des ceramiques en vue de l'etude de leurs origines. Des considerations sur l'application des differentes methodes analytiques pour la determination des elements preconises sont discutees.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1986
A neutron activation determination of the content of129I in the cooling water of nuclear power re... more A neutron activation determination of the content of129I in the cooling water of nuclear power reactors is described.129I is coprecipitated as PbI2. After neutron irradiation the gamma-spectrum of PbI2 is measured. The detection limit for129I is 2.9 mBq/dm3. The applicability of X-ray spectrometry for129I determination is also evaluated. The proposed methods are applied for determination of the129I content of the cooling water of WWR-440 type reactors at the nuclear power station “Kozloduy”, Bulgaria
Това е втората книга от научната поредица "Studies in Archaeological Sciences" и се нарича "Лапис... more Това е втората книга от научната поредица "Studies in Archaeological Sciences" и се нарича "Лапис Лазули от пещта" ("Lapis Lazuli from the Kiln"). Книгата е написана от Андрю Шортланд (Andrew Shortland), който е автор на една от работите, посветени на стъклата и включени в първия том от поредицата (виж Кулев 2013). Шортланд е археолог, преподавател в Университета в Кранфилд във Великобритания. Той проучва стъклопроизводството в Близкия изток и Египет, и както отбелязва сам, написването на книгата му отнема 5 години. Книгата е предназначена за студентите по археология, посветили се на изучаване на стъклото и стъклопроизводството, което е представено от зараждането му и в развитие. Според мен, обаче, книгата ще е полезна и за редица хора, усвоили начините на изследване в археологията и работещи със стъклото като материал, добит в древните археологически времена. Тя ще е от полза и за хора от областта на т. нар. "точни науки"-химия, физика, геология, които са готови да се "потопят" в изследването на археологически находки от стъкло. Книгата съдържа 260 страници, а на последните 28 от тях са представени и цветни снимки на различни стъклени изделия, намерени при разкопки в Близкия изток или Египет и съхранявани днес в различни музеи. Добавен е и 9 страници речник, в който наред с посочените имена на египетски фараони, царе от Близкия изток, градове от Близкия изток и Египет, свързани със стъклото, така и думи и понятия в стък-Рецензии / Reviews Be-JA Bulgarian e-Journal of Archaeology Бе-СА Българско е-Списание за Археология http://be-ja.org
A few years ago, 25 gold appliqués with a total weight of 255 g and dated to a period between the... more A few years ago, 25 gold appliqués with a total weight of 255 g and dated to a period between the 5th and the 3rd centuries BC were offered to the National History Museum in Sofia (Bulgaria). Some Bulgarian archaeologists – experts in the field of toreutics – expressed the opinion that the offered finds are originals. At the same time, the results of an investigation carried out by the Bulgarian Police brought evidence to the contrary, and, on these bases, started a hearing of the case. Using a non-destructive method of investigation (ED-XRF), the concentrations of Ag, Au, and Cu were determined. A detailed observation of the surface of the finds with reflective optical microscopy was carried out, and, at the same time, stylistic parallels of the offered finds were sought by comparing them to the known similar ancient appliqués. On the bases of the chemical composition, technological observations, and the comparison with parallels of similar chronological finds reported in the liter...
... 2 (continued) Shape A106 executed in Grey Minyan ware is a Troian imitation of a Knobbedware ... more ... 2 (continued) Shape A106 executed in Grey Minyan ware is a Troian imitation of a Knobbedware pot-a phenomenon reverse to that described in the text Knobbed Ware-Import or Local product? ... 37.301-305 117.616. 305 Grey Minyan Tan ware FG002122 A7. ...
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1995
A scheme for INAA of native copper, which permits the determination of 22-24 dements is proposed.... more A scheme for INAA of native copper, which permits the determination of 22-24 dements is proposed. The possible error source in INAA of native copper and other types of more or less pure copper are evaluated quantitatively. The accuracy and precis ion of the analyses are tested by comparison with NIST-SRM's. The applicability of the proposed method for archaeometfic investigations is demonstrated by the analysis of two samples of native copper and two eneolithic archaeological artifacts from Rulgaria.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2002
The problems of determination of zinc in clay, ceramics and soils via 65Zn using INAA are discuss... more The problems of determination of zinc in clay, ceramics and soils via 65Zn using INAA are discussed. The applicability of different approaches for solving the influence of 46Sc and 152Eu by gamma-spectrometry on the line of 65Zn at 1115.5 keV are experimentally evaluated. The application of the correction program ANGES for the calculation of the net peak area is demonstrated.
PIXE and PIGE were used for determination of 23 elements in 50 glass samples excavated in Zlatna ... more PIXE and PIGE were used for determination of 23 elements in 50 glass samples excavated in Zlatna Livada – South Bulgaria (dated 11 th -12 th century AD). Elemental concentrations show that the analyzed fragments belong to soda-lime-silica glasses. Cluster analysis and bivariate plots indicate the use of natron, plant ash and mixed alkalis as well as production according Near East and Roman-province recipes. The metal oxides responsible for coloration were also investigated. The blue and blue-green colors are due either to CoO or to high concentration of FeO (blue: 3.3-6.3%, blue-green: 1.23-2.83%), melted in reducing atmosphere. The melting under oxidizing environment determined the higher oxidation state of iron oxide and the green color of some of the glasses (0.73.4% Fe2O3). Different shades of brown color are due to the high concentration of Fe2O3 (2.4-4.9%) and Mn2O3 (0.3-0.7%) melted in oxidizing atmosphere. Discoloration of the glasses is achieved by the presence of high amou...
Archaeometry is a typically interdisciplinary field where successful research demands the partici... more Archaeometry is a typically interdisciplinary field where successful research demands the participation of specialists in at least two scientific fields—archaeology and natural sciences (chemists or physicists or geologists or biologists). The following contribution describes briefly the benefits an...
The possibilities of inductively coupled plasma atomic mass spectrometry for determination of ele... more The possibilities of inductively coupled plasma atomic mass spectrometry for determination of elemental composition of archaeological bones for reconstruction of paleodiet are discussed. The interferences of different polyatomic ions on the determination of Fe, Cu, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Zr are investigated and evaluated. Thus, a method for the determination of Al, As, Ba, Mg, Pb, Sr, V, Zn, and Zr is proposed and is validated by analysis of IAEA-SRM-H-5 (animal bone). The applicability of the proposed procedure is demonstrated analyzing real archaeological bone samples dated to 4th century b.c. and the results are compared with the data obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
The neutron activation analysis results from 30 glass samples were subjected to cluster analysis.... more The neutron activation analysis results from 30 glass samples were subjected to cluster analysis. The reliable localization of part of the medieval glass finds from Preslav enabled the evaluation of the variety of the production of a medieval glass workshop (ninth-tenth century), allowing conclusions to be made about the technological level of glass-making in Bulgaria during the Middle Ages. The work proved that NAA followed by cluster analysis is a successful approach to finding the local and chronological features of the investigated glasses.
The uranium content of the thermal waters in the Chepino valley wa.q determined in a period of in... more The uranium content of the thermal waters in the Chepino valley wa.q determined in a period of increased seismic activity. Significant changes in the uranium concentration, much above the normal background values were established. In one group of water sources a well-expressed synchrony in the uranium content variations is observed and the maximum is reached about 1.5-2 months after the initial strong seismic shock.
A method for the analysis of uranium in natural waters based on preconcentration of uranium on ac... more A method for the analysis of uranium in natural waters based on preconcentration of uranium on activated carbon, irradiation with epithermal neutrons, and a high resolution gamma-spectrometry of 239Np was developed. The chemical yield of uranium preconcentration is determined by treating a parallel sample to which a known uranium quantity is added. The lower limit of determination amounts to 1.4-10-~ g uranium per liter. The possible interfering in gamma-spectrometry of neptunium-239 was discussed too. The applicability of the proposed method is shown by the analysis of uranium in ,sea-, river-, geothermal-, drinking-and rain-water samples.
Fifteen samples of medieval glazed pottery from Drastar (present day Silistra), Bulgaria, dated b... more Fifteen samples of medieval glazed pottery from Drastar (present day Silistra), Bulgaria, dated between 10 th and 18 th centuries AD were studied. he element concentration of the glazes was determined by Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Proton Induced Gamma Emission (PIGE) analysis. he composition of the clay bodies was studied by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) after pelletization of the powdered clay. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used for characterization of the clay bodies. After subtraction of the PbO and CuO content, the comparison between the compositions of the clay bodies and the glazes revealed that both the calcareous and the non-calcareous samples were glazed using a lead oxide based preparation followed by iring in oxidizing atmosphere. Furthermore, it was shown that iron, copper and manganese oxides were used to achieve the desired colors. Résumé : Quinze échantillons de céramiques glaçurées médiévales de Drastar (aujourd'hui Silistra), en Bulgarie, datés entre les X e et XVIII e siècles après J.-C. ont été étudiés. Les compositions élémentaires des glaçures ont été déterminées par les méthodes analytiques : émission de rayons X induite par protons (PIXE) et émission de rayons gamma induite par protons (PIGE). La composition de la matrice argileuse a été étudiée par spectrométrie de masse á plasma inductif avec ablation laser (LA-ICP-MS) sur pastilles des poudres d'argiles. En complément, la microscopie électronique à balayage couplée á la spectroscopie X en dispersion d'énergie (SEM-EDX) a été aussi utilisée pour la caractérisation des matrices argileuses. Après soustraction des teneurs en PbO et CuO, la comparaison entre les compositions des matrices et celles des glaçures a révélé que tous les échantillons (pâtes calcaires et non calcaires) ont été glaçurés en utilisant de l'oxyde de plomb suivi d'une cuisson en atmosphère oxydante. De plus, il a été montré que le fer, le cuivre et les oxydes de manganèse ont été utilisés pour obtenir les couleurs souhaitées.
A few years ago, 25 gold appliqués with a total weight of 255 g and dated to a period between the... more A few years ago, 25 gold appliqués with a total weight of 255 g and dated to a period between the 5 th and the 3 rd centuries BC were ofered to the National History Museum in Soia (Bulgaria). Some Bulgarian archaeologists-experts in the ield of toreutics-expressed the opinion that the ofered inds are originals. At the same time, the results of an investigation carried out by the Bulgarian Police brought evidence to the contrary, and, on these bases, started a hearing of the case. Using a non-destructive method of investigation (ED-XRF), the concentrations of Ag, Au, and Cu were determined. A detailed observation of the surface of the inds with relective optical microscopy was carried out, and, at the same time, stylistic parallels of the ofered inds were sought by comparing them to the known similar ancient appliqués. On the bases of the chemical composition, technological observations, and the comparison with parallels of similar chronological inds reported in the literature, we established that the 25 golden appliqués ofered to the Museum by the treasure hunters are fake. Résumé : Il y a quelques années, le Musée National de Soia (Bulgarie) a acquis 25 appliqués en or, d'un poids total de 255 gr, datées du V e-III e siècle av. J.-C. Des archéologues bulgares, experts en toreutique, ont identiié les objets comme étant des originaux. Cependant, des recherches menées par la Police bulgare ont débouché sur une remise en question de l'authenticité de ces pièces. Une étude non destructive (par ED-FX) a permis de déterminer les concentrations d'argent, d'or et de cuivre des appliqués en or. Leur surface a été observée minutieusement au microscope optique et une analyse stylistique et iconographique a été réalisée. Les résultats de l'analyse de la composition chimique du métal, les observations technologiques et la comparaison avec des parallèles archéologiques ont inalement permis de formuler la thèse que ces 25 appliques en or sont fausses.
A quick approach for reliable prediction of metal concentrations in agricultural plants within an... more A quick approach for reliable prediction of metal concentrations in agricultural plants within an ecosystem using one reference plant and earlier derived bioconversion factors (the ratios of pollutant concentration in reference plant to its concentration in another plant) is proposed. The bioconversion factors for Al,
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