Surveying various effective modes and research trends on cognitive Internet of Things over wireless sensor network
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have undergone a drastic change in its fundamentals due to high i... more Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have undergone a drastic change in its fundamentals due to high interest since last couple of years, trending Internet of Things (IoT) function on similar environment, thus resulting in new applications and proposals. WSN is a cluster of focused transducers through a connection anticipated to examine and trace circumstances at miscellaneous locations. Frequently monitored parameters are heat, moisture, strain, storm bearing and velocity, lighting concentration, shuddering power, noise passion, power-line electrical energy, substance concentration, contaminant levels and essential organization functions, and also documentation of a prolonged electrocardiogram in a human body. IoT works on the platform of WSN. It has been extensively used in the fields of modern intelligent services such as food security, ecological shield, smart homes, power reduction and emission–diminution, logistics, movement via any medium, and national information exposure. These ...
Abstract—Automatic Modulation Classification is a procedure performed at the receiver based on th... more Abstract—Automatic Modulation Classification is a procedure performed at the receiver based on the received signal before demodulation when the modulation format is not known to the receiver.: Automatic Modulation Classification is also believed to play an important role in the implementation of Software Defined Radio (SDR) of the 4th-Generation (4G) communication system. The ability to automatically select the correct modulation scheme used in an unknown received signal is a major advantage in a wireless network. The automatic recognition of the modulation format of a detected signal, the intermediate step between signal detection and demodulation, is a major task of an intelligent receiver. The work aims in devising low complexity blind algorithm under noisy and frequency selective channel conditions Database has been generated for various modulated signals such as 2ASK, 4ASK, 2FSK,4FSK, BPSK and QPSK and QAM signals. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) noise is added and signals...
Equalization Techniques for MIMO Systems in Wireless Communication: A Review
Abstract-The main objective of this paper is to provide a review of equalization techniques in mu... more Abstract-The main objective of this paper is to provide a review of equalization techniques in multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) communication system. In wireless communication inter symbol interference is major obstacle which greatly affect the data quality. The chief goal of equalization techniques is to rebuild the actual signal with the help of filter or any other methods and remove the effect of ISI so that the reliability of data transmission is maintained. Different kind of equalization techniques proposed earlier has been reviewed here.
Analytic Subbing On Application Based Denoising Techniques Using Wavelet Transform
Data pre-processing is challenging as it involves extensive manual effort and time, includes the ... more Data pre-processing is challenging as it involves extensive manual effort and time, includes the process of noise removal referred as signal denoising or simply denoising. Noises present in signals are difficult to recover using the traditional methods. Now Wavelet Transform is used for denoising techniques. The implementation results reveal that the proposed technique achieves a state-of-the-art denoising performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio. Index Terms Data Preprocessing, Denoising, Noise, Signal-to-noise ratio, Wavelet Transform (WT) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Energy optimized routing for wireless sensor network using elitist genetic algorithm
2017 8th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2017
A key challenge in wireless sensor network (WSN) is represented by energy constrained on sensor n... more A key challenge in wireless sensor network (WSN) is represented by energy constrained on sensor nodes i.e. sensor nodes have limited available energy. Thus energy must be used in optimized manner during the network operation. Most of routing algorithm use minimum hop distance and minimum transmission energy model. In such case same path is used many times which leads to drainage to energy of sensor nodes falling in routing path. Some time energy of nodes exhausted result in network partition. In this paper effort has made to develop energy optimized routing algorithm for WSN using genetic algorithm and further we tried to develop elitist genetic algorithm for routing. Simulation results show that elitist genetic algorithm based routing extend network lifetime 4% to 11% compared to genetic algorithm approach and 10% to 19% traditional shortest path approach. Elitist GA raised packet delivery ratio 3% to 8% and 5% to 13% compared to genetic algorithm approach and compared to tradition...
In this work, the performance of two equalizers Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive Least Squar... more In this work, the performance of two equalizers Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive Least Square (RLS) is observed by calculating the BER effect of Rician channels over low Doppler shift. AWGN is also added to the channel from -10 dB to 20 dB. The Bit Error Rate (BER) of 2, 4, 8-PSK (Phase Shift Keying) signals and 16, 64- QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) over Rayleigh and Rician channel is calculated.
A technique, in which readable form of secret message is converted to an unreadable form to keep ... more A technique, in which readable form of secret message is converted to an unreadable form to keep the secret message undetectable easily by the any unauthorised access or adversary, is known as cryptography. Cryptography means simply jumbling sequence of original message or altered the sequence of message. Cryptanalysis is the technique at which the secret message is converted from unreadable format to readable format without knowing the techniques how they were converted from readable format to unreadable format. Audio steganography, where the audio file (.wav) file is used for the secret data embedding. Audio signal bits are modified with the secret bits as imperceptible manner.
Software radio technology is expected to play an important role in the development of Fourth Gene... more Software radio technology is expected to play an important role in the development of Fourth Generation (4G) wireless communication systems. The signal identification process, an intermediate step between signal interception and demodulation, is a major task of an intelligent receiver. Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is the process of deciding, based on observations of the received signal, what modulation is being used at the transmitter. Ten Candidate signals 2ASK, 4ASK, 2PSK, 4PSK 2FSK, 4FSK and 16 QAM, GMSK, 64QAM and 256 QAM were generated. Channel conditions were modelled by simulating AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading effect. Instantaneous features such as amplitude, phase and frequency were first derived. Stochastic features were derived from instantaneous features. Seven key features were used to develop the classifier. Higher order QAM signals such as 64QAM and 256 QAM were classified using higher order statistical parameters such as moments and cumulants. Decisi...
Performance Evaluation of Cluster-based Routing Protocol used in Wireless Internet-of-Things Sensor Networks
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most popular technology exist due to its huge number of appli... more The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most popular technology exist due to its huge number of application. One of the components of IoT is wireless sensor network (WSN). The WSN is the combination of huge amount of sensor nodes, which are responsible to generate the data for the IoT network. These sensor notes are very low power computing devices, due to that they also have low range of communication. The wireless sensor network generates the data and sends the data through the intermediate sensor node to the sink node. The sink node sometime also called gateway node or Base Station (BS), which collects and aggregates the data and transmit it to the cloud for further storage and processing, which is again a component of IoT. The data reaches the gateway node using different routing protocol with the aim of less energy cost. As we are talking about low power sensor nodes the power efficiency is the most importance performance metrics while developing the routing protocol. In this paper...
Equalization Techniques for MIMO Systems in Wireless Communication: A Review
The main objective of this paper is to provide a review of equalization techniques in multiple in... more The main objective of this paper is to provide a review of equalization techniques in multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) communication system. In wireless communication inter symbol interference is major obstacle which greatly affect the data quality. The chief goal of equalization techniques is to rebuild the actual signal with the help of filter or any other methods and remove the effect of ISI so that the reliability of data transmission is maintained. Different kind of equalization techniques proposed earlier has been reviewed here. KeywordsMIMO, interference, MMSE, Adaptive, filter, ISI
Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is the process of deciding, based on observations of th... more Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is the process of deciding, based on observations of the received signal, what modulation is being used at the transmitter. It is also becoming increasingly important in cooperative communications, with the advent of the Software-Defined Radio (SDR). Classifying signal types is of high interest in various other application areas such as imaging, communication and control target recognition. Hence, the digital modulation recognizers have critical importance. Ten Digitally modulated signals are generated. Channel conditions have been modeled by simulating AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading effect. Seven key features have been used to develop the classifier. Higher order QAM signals such as 16QAM, 64QAM and 256 QAM are classified using higher order statistical parameters such as moments and cumulants. Feature based ANN classifier has been developed. Overall classification result obtained for 3dB SNR is more than 97%. The success rate is 99 % (n...
Automatic Modulation Classification is a procedure performed at the receiver based on the receive... more Automatic Modulation Classification is a procedure performed at the receiver based on the received signal before demodulation when the modulation format is not known to the receiver. : Automatic Modulation Classification is also believed to play an important role in the implementation of Software Defined Radio (SDR) of the 4thGeneration (4G) communication system. The ability to automatically select the correct modulation scheme used in an unknown received signal is a major advantage in a wireless network. The automatic recognition of the modulation format of a detected signal, the intermediate step between signal detection and demodulation, is a major task of an intelligent receiver. The work aims in devising low complexity blind algorithm under noisy and frequency selective channel conditions Database has been generated for various modulated signals such as 2ASK, 4ASK, 2FSK,4FSK, BPSK and QPSK and QAM signals. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) noise is added and signals are anal...
Analysis of Digitally Modulated Signals using Instantaneous and Stochastic Features , for Classification
57 Abstract-Automatic modulation classification is a procedure performed at the receiver based on... more 57 Abstract-Automatic modulation classification is a procedure performed at the receiver based on the received signal before demodulation when the modulation format is not known to the receiver. AMR is also believed to play an important role in the implementation of Software Defined Radio (SDR) of the 4th-Generation (4G) communication system. The ability to automatically select the correct modulation scheme used in an unknown received signal is a major advantage in a wireless network This paper describes one application that exploits the flexibility of a software radio. As compared to the previous work this approach uses stochastic features to distinguish modulated signals for varying Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The proposed method is simple effective and robust. It is based on the stochastic features derived from instantaneous features to classify digital modulation signals.. This method is capable of differentiating ASK2, ASK4, FSK2, FSK4, PSK2 and PSK4 signals at the output of a...
Performance Analysis of DWT Based Digital Image Watermarking Using RGB Color Space
The digital images are copied and transmitted widely with the development of the internet rapidly... more The digital images are copied and transmitted widely with the development of the internet rapidly. Nowadays protecting the copyright of the digital image has become an important topic. To solve the copyright protection problem for multimedia images many watermarking techniques have been proposed. In this paper, performance analysis of robust color image watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform-singular value decomposition (DWT-SVD) is proposed and tested with RGB color space. Image is decomposed by 3 level DWT and then SVD is applied on selected subband and watermark. The decomposition is done with " Haar " which is simple, symmetric and orthogonal wavelet. The comparative performance in R, G and B color space in HL3 subband is presented. The quality of the watermarked image and extracted watermark is measured using peak signal to noise ratio and normalized correlation respectively. PSNR and NC values are tested for 5 different values of scaling factor. The ...
Surveying various effective modes and research trends on cognitive Internet of Things over wireless sensor network
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have undergone a drastic change in its fundamentals due to high i... more Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have undergone a drastic change in its fundamentals due to high interest since last couple of years, trending Internet of Things (IoT) function on similar environment, thus resulting in new applications and proposals. WSN is a cluster of focused transducers through a connection anticipated to examine and trace circumstances at miscellaneous locations. Frequently monitored parameters are heat, moisture, strain, storm bearing and velocity, lighting concentration, shuddering power, noise passion, power-line electrical energy, substance concentration, contaminant levels and essential organization functions, and also documentation of a prolonged electrocardiogram in a human body. IoT works on the platform of WSN. It has been extensively used in the fields of modern intelligent services such as food security, ecological shield, smart homes, power reduction and emission–diminution, logistics, movement via any medium, and national information exposure. These ...
Abstract—Automatic Modulation Classification is a procedure performed at the receiver based on th... more Abstract—Automatic Modulation Classification is a procedure performed at the receiver based on the received signal before demodulation when the modulation format is not known to the receiver.: Automatic Modulation Classification is also believed to play an important role in the implementation of Software Defined Radio (SDR) of the 4th-Generation (4G) communication system. The ability to automatically select the correct modulation scheme used in an unknown received signal is a major advantage in a wireless network. The automatic recognition of the modulation format of a detected signal, the intermediate step between signal detection and demodulation, is a major task of an intelligent receiver. The work aims in devising low complexity blind algorithm under noisy and frequency selective channel conditions Database has been generated for various modulated signals such as 2ASK, 4ASK, 2FSK,4FSK, BPSK and QPSK and QAM signals. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) noise is added and signals...
Equalization Techniques for MIMO Systems in Wireless Communication: A Review
Abstract-The main objective of this paper is to provide a review of equalization techniques in mu... more Abstract-The main objective of this paper is to provide a review of equalization techniques in multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) communication system. In wireless communication inter symbol interference is major obstacle which greatly affect the data quality. The chief goal of equalization techniques is to rebuild the actual signal with the help of filter or any other methods and remove the effect of ISI so that the reliability of data transmission is maintained. Different kind of equalization techniques proposed earlier has been reviewed here.
Analytic Subbing On Application Based Denoising Techniques Using Wavelet Transform
Data pre-processing is challenging as it involves extensive manual effort and time, includes the ... more Data pre-processing is challenging as it involves extensive manual effort and time, includes the process of noise removal referred as signal denoising or simply denoising. Noises present in signals are difficult to recover using the traditional methods. Now Wavelet Transform is used for denoising techniques. The implementation results reveal that the proposed technique achieves a state-of-the-art denoising performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio. Index Terms Data Preprocessing, Denoising, Noise, Signal-to-noise ratio, Wavelet Transform (WT) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Energy optimized routing for wireless sensor network using elitist genetic algorithm
2017 8th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2017
A key challenge in wireless sensor network (WSN) is represented by energy constrained on sensor n... more A key challenge in wireless sensor network (WSN) is represented by energy constrained on sensor nodes i.e. sensor nodes have limited available energy. Thus energy must be used in optimized manner during the network operation. Most of routing algorithm use minimum hop distance and minimum transmission energy model. In such case same path is used many times which leads to drainage to energy of sensor nodes falling in routing path. Some time energy of nodes exhausted result in network partition. In this paper effort has made to develop energy optimized routing algorithm for WSN using genetic algorithm and further we tried to develop elitist genetic algorithm for routing. Simulation results show that elitist genetic algorithm based routing extend network lifetime 4% to 11% compared to genetic algorithm approach and 10% to 19% traditional shortest path approach. Elitist GA raised packet delivery ratio 3% to 8% and 5% to 13% compared to genetic algorithm approach and compared to tradition...
In this work, the performance of two equalizers Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive Least Squar... more In this work, the performance of two equalizers Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive Least Square (RLS) is observed by calculating the BER effect of Rician channels over low Doppler shift. AWGN is also added to the channel from -10 dB to 20 dB. The Bit Error Rate (BER) of 2, 4, 8-PSK (Phase Shift Keying) signals and 16, 64- QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) over Rayleigh and Rician channel is calculated.
A technique, in which readable form of secret message is converted to an unreadable form to keep ... more A technique, in which readable form of secret message is converted to an unreadable form to keep the secret message undetectable easily by the any unauthorised access or adversary, is known as cryptography. Cryptography means simply jumbling sequence of original message or altered the sequence of message. Cryptanalysis is the technique at which the secret message is converted from unreadable format to readable format without knowing the techniques how they were converted from readable format to unreadable format. Audio steganography, where the audio file (.wav) file is used for the secret data embedding. Audio signal bits are modified with the secret bits as imperceptible manner.
Software radio technology is expected to play an important role in the development of Fourth Gene... more Software radio technology is expected to play an important role in the development of Fourth Generation (4G) wireless communication systems. The signal identification process, an intermediate step between signal interception and demodulation, is a major task of an intelligent receiver. Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is the process of deciding, based on observations of the received signal, what modulation is being used at the transmitter. Ten Candidate signals 2ASK, 4ASK, 2PSK, 4PSK 2FSK, 4FSK and 16 QAM, GMSK, 64QAM and 256 QAM were generated. Channel conditions were modelled by simulating AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading effect. Instantaneous features such as amplitude, phase and frequency were first derived. Stochastic features were derived from instantaneous features. Seven key features were used to develop the classifier. Higher order QAM signals such as 64QAM and 256 QAM were classified using higher order statistical parameters such as moments and cumulants. Decisi...
Performance Evaluation of Cluster-based Routing Protocol used in Wireless Internet-of-Things Sensor Networks
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most popular technology exist due to its huge number of appli... more The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most popular technology exist due to its huge number of application. One of the components of IoT is wireless sensor network (WSN). The WSN is the combination of huge amount of sensor nodes, which are responsible to generate the data for the IoT network. These sensor notes are very low power computing devices, due to that they also have low range of communication. The wireless sensor network generates the data and sends the data through the intermediate sensor node to the sink node. The sink node sometime also called gateway node or Base Station (BS), which collects and aggregates the data and transmit it to the cloud for further storage and processing, which is again a component of IoT. The data reaches the gateway node using different routing protocol with the aim of less energy cost. As we are talking about low power sensor nodes the power efficiency is the most importance performance metrics while developing the routing protocol. In this paper...
Equalization Techniques for MIMO Systems in Wireless Communication: A Review
The main objective of this paper is to provide a review of equalization techniques in multiple in... more The main objective of this paper is to provide a review of equalization techniques in multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) communication system. In wireless communication inter symbol interference is major obstacle which greatly affect the data quality. The chief goal of equalization techniques is to rebuild the actual signal with the help of filter or any other methods and remove the effect of ISI so that the reliability of data transmission is maintained. Different kind of equalization techniques proposed earlier has been reviewed here. KeywordsMIMO, interference, MMSE, Adaptive, filter, ISI
Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is the process of deciding, based on observations of th... more Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is the process of deciding, based on observations of the received signal, what modulation is being used at the transmitter. It is also becoming increasingly important in cooperative communications, with the advent of the Software-Defined Radio (SDR). Classifying signal types is of high interest in various other application areas such as imaging, communication and control target recognition. Hence, the digital modulation recognizers have critical importance. Ten Digitally modulated signals are generated. Channel conditions have been modeled by simulating AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading effect. Seven key features have been used to develop the classifier. Higher order QAM signals such as 16QAM, 64QAM and 256 QAM are classified using higher order statistical parameters such as moments and cumulants. Feature based ANN classifier has been developed. Overall classification result obtained for 3dB SNR is more than 97%. The success rate is 99 % (n...
Automatic Modulation Classification is a procedure performed at the receiver based on the receive... more Automatic Modulation Classification is a procedure performed at the receiver based on the received signal before demodulation when the modulation format is not known to the receiver. : Automatic Modulation Classification is also believed to play an important role in the implementation of Software Defined Radio (SDR) of the 4thGeneration (4G) communication system. The ability to automatically select the correct modulation scheme used in an unknown received signal is a major advantage in a wireless network. The automatic recognition of the modulation format of a detected signal, the intermediate step between signal detection and demodulation, is a major task of an intelligent receiver. The work aims in devising low complexity blind algorithm under noisy and frequency selective channel conditions Database has been generated for various modulated signals such as 2ASK, 4ASK, 2FSK,4FSK, BPSK and QPSK and QAM signals. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) noise is added and signals are anal...
Analysis of Digitally Modulated Signals using Instantaneous and Stochastic Features , for Classification
57 Abstract-Automatic modulation classification is a procedure performed at the receiver based on... more 57 Abstract-Automatic modulation classification is a procedure performed at the receiver based on the received signal before demodulation when the modulation format is not known to the receiver. AMR is also believed to play an important role in the implementation of Software Defined Radio (SDR) of the 4th-Generation (4G) communication system. The ability to automatically select the correct modulation scheme used in an unknown received signal is a major advantage in a wireless network This paper describes one application that exploits the flexibility of a software radio. As compared to the previous work this approach uses stochastic features to distinguish modulated signals for varying Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The proposed method is simple effective and robust. It is based on the stochastic features derived from instantaneous features to classify digital modulation signals.. This method is capable of differentiating ASK2, ASK4, FSK2, FSK4, PSK2 and PSK4 signals at the output of a...
Performance Analysis of DWT Based Digital Image Watermarking Using RGB Color Space
The digital images are copied and transmitted widely with the development of the internet rapidly... more The digital images are copied and transmitted widely with the development of the internet rapidly. Nowadays protecting the copyright of the digital image has become an important topic. To solve the copyright protection problem for multimedia images many watermarking techniques have been proposed. In this paper, performance analysis of robust color image watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform-singular value decomposition (DWT-SVD) is proposed and tested with RGB color space. Image is decomposed by 3 level DWT and then SVD is applied on selected subband and watermark. The decomposition is done with " Haar " which is simple, symmetric and orthogonal wavelet. The comparative performance in R, G and B color space in HL3 subband is presented. The quality of the watermarked image and extracted watermark is measured using peak signal to noise ratio and normalized correlation respectively. PSNR and NC values are tested for 5 different values of scaling factor. The ...
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