People often use a variety of computing devices, such as PCs, PDAs, and cell phones, to access th... more People often use a variety of computing devices, such as PCs, PDAs, and cell phones, to access the same information. The user interface to this information needs to be different for each device, due to different input and output constraints. Currently, designers designing such multi-device user interfaces either have to design a UI separately for each device, which is time consuming, or use a program to automatically generate interfaces, which often results in interfaces that are awkward. We are creating a system called Damask to better support multi-device UI design. With Damask, the designer will design a UI for one device, by sketching the design and by specifying which design patterns the interface uses. The patterns will help Damask generate user interfaces optimized for the other target devices. The generated interfaces will be of sufficient quality so that it will be more convenient to use Damask than to design each of the other interfaces separately, and the ease with which designers will be able to create designs will encourage them to engage in iterative design.
Design patterns are a format for capturing and sharing design knowledge. In this paper, we look a... more Design patterns are a format for capturing and sharing design knowledge. In this paper, we look at a new domain for design patterns, namely ubiquitous computing. The overall goal of this work is to aid practice by speeding up the diffusion of new interaction techniques and evaluation results from researchers, presenting the information in a form more usable to practicing designers. Towards this end, we have developed an initial and emerging pattern language for ubiquitous computing, consisting of 45 pre-patterns describing application genres, physical-virtual spaces, interaction and systems techniques for managing privacy, and techniques for fluid interactions. We evaluated the effectiveness of our pre-patterns with 16 pairs of designers in helping them design location-enhanced applications. We observed that our pre-patterns helped new and experienced designers unfamiliar with ubiquitous computing in generating and communicating ideas, and in avoiding design problems early in the design process.
Through a study of Web site design practice, we observed that designers employ multiple represent... more Through a study of Web site design practice, we observed that designers employ multiple representations of Web sites as they progress through the design process and that these representations allow them to focus on different aspects of the design. In particular, we observed that Web site designers focus their design efforts at 3 dif-
Although search over World Wide Web pages has recently received much academic and commercial atte... more Although search over World Wide Web pages has recently received much academic and commercial attention, surprisingly little research has been done on how to search the web pages within large, diverse intranets. Intranets contain the information associated with the internal workings of an organization.
Tangible user interfaces (TUIs) augment the physical world by integrating digital information wit... more Tangible user interfaces (TUIs) augment the physical world by integrating digital information with everyday physical objects. Currently, building these UIs requires "getting down and dirty" with input technologies such as computer vision. Consequently, only a small cadre of technology experts can currently build these UIs. Based on a literature review and structured interviews with nine TUI researchers, we created Papier-Mâché, a toolkit for building tangible interfaces using computer vision, electronic tags, and barcodes. Papier-Mâché introduces a high-level event model for working with these technologies that facilitates technology portability. For example, an application can be prototyped with computer vision and deployed with RFID. We present an evaluation of our toolkit with six class projects and a user study with seven programmers, finding the input abstractions, technology portability, and monitoring window to be highly effective.
NotePals is an ink-based, collaborative note taking application that runs on personal digital ass... more NotePals is an ink-based, collaborative note taking application that runs on personal digital assistants (PDAs). Meeting participants write notes in their own handwriting on a PDA. These notes are shared with other participants by synchronizing later with a shared note repository that can be viewed using a desktop-based web browser. NotePals is distinguished by its lightweight process, interface, and hardware. This demonstration illustrates the design of two different NotePals clients and our web-based note browser.
NotePals is a lightweight note sharing system that gives group members easy access to each other'... more NotePals is a lightweight note sharing system that gives group members easy access to each other's experiences through their personal notes. The system allows notes taken by group members in any context to be uploaded to a shared repository. Group members view these notes with browsers that allow them to retrieve all notes taken in a given context or to access notes from other related notes or documents. This is possible because NotePals records the context in which each note is created (e.g., its author, subject, and creation time). The system is "lightweight" because it fits easily into group members' regular notetaking practices, and uses informal, ink-based user interfaces that run on portable, inexpensive hardware. In this paper we describe NotePals, show how we have used it to share our notes, and present our evaluations of the system.
Through a study of web site design practice, we observed that web site designers design sites at ... more Through a study of web site design practice, we observed that web site designers design sites at different levels of refinement--site map, storyboard, and individual page-and that designers sketch at all levels during the early stages of design. However, existing web design tools do not support these tasks very well. Informed by these observations, we created DENIM, a system that helps web site designers in the early stages of design. DENIM supports sketching input, allows design at different refinement levels, and unifies the levels through zooming. We performed an informal evaluation with seven professional designers and found that they reacted positively to the concept and were interested in using such a system in their work.
This paper describes three ways to fix antenna problems: (1) diode dropping, (2) jumper insertion... more This paper describes three ways to fix antenna problems: (1) diode dropping, (2) jumper insertion, and diode dropping with extension wires. Basic principles of these methods are compared and results are presented. Diode structures, SPIC simulation, and diode slicing are also discussed in this paper.
In a planned economy, Chinese unions were officially functioned as a two-way 'transmission belt',... more In a planned economy, Chinese unions were officially functioned as a two-way 'transmission belt', which involved implementing the will of the State from top down and representing the demand of workers from bottom up. However, China's market reform has witnessed the rupture of Chinese unions' transmission belt role by virtue of the decline of the SOEs and the rise of private employers. Therefore, in order to retain an authoritarian socialist principle without disturbing the economic growth, unions have to rebuild their role of transmission belt at grassroots level in the private sector. Empirically, there has already been some evidence by some regional offices of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) to form united grassroots unions independently from individual employers in C city. Remarkably, this attempt has distinct parallels with various models of union revitalisation that have been documented in many other countries. The paper aims to use qualitative case study evidence in C city to indicate how this practice helps unions revitalise their transmission belt role in private sector. The research finds that, although the practice has built up a new form of grassroots union as new transmission belt, such belt is still limited both in representing workers in labour disputes.
People often use a variety of computing devices, such as PCs, PDAs, and cell phones, to access th... more People often use a variety of computing devices, such as PCs, PDAs, and cell phones, to access the same information. The user interface to this information needs to be different for each device, due to different input and output constraints. Currently, designers designing such multi-device user interfaces either have to design a UI separately for each device, which is time consuming, or use a program to automatically generate interfaces, which often results in interfaces that are awkward. We are creating a system called Damask to better support multi-device UI design. With Damask, the designer will design a UI for one device, by sketching the design and by specifying which design patterns the interface uses. The patterns will help Damask generate user interfaces optimized for the other target devices. The generated interfaces will be of sufficient quality so that it will be more convenient to use Damask than to design each of the other interfaces separately, and the ease with which designers will be able to create designs will encourage them to engage in iterative design.
Design patterns are a format for capturing and sharing design knowledge. In this paper, we look a... more Design patterns are a format for capturing and sharing design knowledge. In this paper, we look at a new domain for design patterns, namely ubiquitous computing. The overall goal of this work is to aid practice by speeding up the diffusion of new interaction techniques and evaluation results from researchers, presenting the information in a form more usable to practicing designers. Towards this end, we have developed an initial and emerging pattern language for ubiquitous computing, consisting of 45 pre-patterns describing application genres, physical-virtual spaces, interaction and systems techniques for managing privacy, and techniques for fluid interactions. We evaluated the effectiveness of our pre-patterns with 16 pairs of designers in helping them design location-enhanced applications. We observed that our pre-patterns helped new and experienced designers unfamiliar with ubiquitous computing in generating and communicating ideas, and in avoiding design problems early in the design process.
Through a study of Web site design practice, we observed that designers employ multiple represent... more Through a study of Web site design practice, we observed that designers employ multiple representations of Web sites as they progress through the design process and that these representations allow them to focus on different aspects of the design. In particular, we observed that Web site designers focus their design efforts at 3 dif-
Although search over World Wide Web pages has recently received much academic and commercial atte... more Although search over World Wide Web pages has recently received much academic and commercial attention, surprisingly little research has been done on how to search the web pages within large, diverse intranets. Intranets contain the information associated with the internal workings of an organization.
Tangible user interfaces (TUIs) augment the physical world by integrating digital information wit... more Tangible user interfaces (TUIs) augment the physical world by integrating digital information with everyday physical objects. Currently, building these UIs requires "getting down and dirty" with input technologies such as computer vision. Consequently, only a small cadre of technology experts can currently build these UIs. Based on a literature review and structured interviews with nine TUI researchers, we created Papier-Mâché, a toolkit for building tangible interfaces using computer vision, electronic tags, and barcodes. Papier-Mâché introduces a high-level event model for working with these technologies that facilitates technology portability. For example, an application can be prototyped with computer vision and deployed with RFID. We present an evaluation of our toolkit with six class projects and a user study with seven programmers, finding the input abstractions, technology portability, and monitoring window to be highly effective.
NotePals is an ink-based, collaborative note taking application that runs on personal digital ass... more NotePals is an ink-based, collaborative note taking application that runs on personal digital assistants (PDAs). Meeting participants write notes in their own handwriting on a PDA. These notes are shared with other participants by synchronizing later with a shared note repository that can be viewed using a desktop-based web browser. NotePals is distinguished by its lightweight process, interface, and hardware. This demonstration illustrates the design of two different NotePals clients and our web-based note browser.
NotePals is a lightweight note sharing system that gives group members easy access to each other'... more NotePals is a lightweight note sharing system that gives group members easy access to each other's experiences through their personal notes. The system allows notes taken by group members in any context to be uploaded to a shared repository. Group members view these notes with browsers that allow them to retrieve all notes taken in a given context or to access notes from other related notes or documents. This is possible because NotePals records the context in which each note is created (e.g., its author, subject, and creation time). The system is "lightweight" because it fits easily into group members' regular notetaking practices, and uses informal, ink-based user interfaces that run on portable, inexpensive hardware. In this paper we describe NotePals, show how we have used it to share our notes, and present our evaluations of the system.
Through a study of web site design practice, we observed that web site designers design sites at ... more Through a study of web site design practice, we observed that web site designers design sites at different levels of refinement--site map, storyboard, and individual page-and that designers sketch at all levels during the early stages of design. However, existing web design tools do not support these tasks very well. Informed by these observations, we created DENIM, a system that helps web site designers in the early stages of design. DENIM supports sketching input, allows design at different refinement levels, and unifies the levels through zooming. We performed an informal evaluation with seven professional designers and found that they reacted positively to the concept and were interested in using such a system in their work.
This paper describes three ways to fix antenna problems: (1) diode dropping, (2) jumper insertion... more This paper describes three ways to fix antenna problems: (1) diode dropping, (2) jumper insertion, and diode dropping with extension wires. Basic principles of these methods are compared and results are presented. Diode structures, SPIC simulation, and diode slicing are also discussed in this paper.
In a planned economy, Chinese unions were officially functioned as a two-way 'transmission belt',... more In a planned economy, Chinese unions were officially functioned as a two-way 'transmission belt', which involved implementing the will of the State from top down and representing the demand of workers from bottom up. However, China's market reform has witnessed the rupture of Chinese unions' transmission belt role by virtue of the decline of the SOEs and the rise of private employers. Therefore, in order to retain an authoritarian socialist principle without disturbing the economic growth, unions have to rebuild their role of transmission belt at grassroots level in the private sector. Empirically, there has already been some evidence by some regional offices of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) to form united grassroots unions independently from individual employers in C city. Remarkably, this attempt has distinct parallels with various models of union revitalisation that have been documented in many other countries. The paper aims to use qualitative case study evidence in C city to indicate how this practice helps unions revitalise their transmission belt role in private sector. The research finds that, although the practice has built up a new form of grassroots union as new transmission belt, such belt is still limited both in representing workers in labour disputes.
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Papers by james lin