This Issue of the Journal of the Department of English Mahendra Multiple Campus JODEM in short co... more This Issue of the Journal of the Department of English Mahendra Multiple Campus JODEM in short comprises 10 Research Articles reflecting six diverse subject realms. Of the ten articles, three articles are concerned with feminine notions; three articles deal with ecological literature; and the rest four articles contain ethnicity, diaspora, literary pedagogy, and family issues respectively.
Patriarchal gender roles provide certain privileges to males. They hold the position of house hol... more Patriarchal gender roles provide certain privileges to males. They hold the position of house holder, which provides them access to power and resources, and authority over women and children in the family. Likewise, they get social recognition as the head of the family. But they get these privileges on the condition that they provide and protect their family members as breadwinners. One of the aspects of masculinity is to provide to the needs of the family. Thus, men take risks and accept challenges to earn money so that they can provide for their families. However, while performing the breadwinner role, they are likely to encounter different types of mental and physical threats that may cost them their lives. Govinda Raj Bhattarai's debut novel, Muglan deals with the problems faced by men in patriarchy. Though the protagonist and his companions have emulated the traditional masculinity and hoped to live like men, they fail. Thus, this article aims to analyze the representation ...
Sarita Tiwari (2015) in her collection of poems, Prashnaharuko Kārkhānā [Factory of Questions] pr... more Sarita Tiwari (2015) in her collection of poems, Prashnaharuko Kārkhānā [Factory of Questions] protests the tradition of wearing ornaments and cosmetics by women. Likewise, she rejects the use of submissive symbols and metaphors that have been used by the creative writers to define women. She identifies them as ploys that patriarchy has invented to maintain the subordination and subjugation of women to men. She argues that these techniques mystify and blur women's identity, so she questions and challenges them. Thus, this article analyzes five poems from the anthology to examine how the poet protests the traditional norms and values of patriarchy that define women as secondary to men and search for female's identity through them. To examine the quest for female's identity in her poetry, this article takes theoretical support from feminist critics like Mary Daly, Kate Millet, Naomi Wolf and others. These critics believe that patriarchy uses different types of myths to ma...
JODEM: Journal of Language and Literature, Sep 30, 2019
This article aims to analyze the struggle of Yogamaya, the lead female character of the novel , b... more This article aims to analyze the struggle of Yogamaya, the lead female character of the novel , by Neelam Karki Niharika. The novel based on the real life story of a rebel, Yogamaya, chronicles the incidents of her life that triggered her to cast off her feminine self and rebel for the establishment of a just society based on equity. The article examines those factors that force Yogamaya to rebel against the existing society and the process of her rebellion drawing insights form Helen Cixous and other feminists who find patriarchal gender roles based on binary opposition as oppressive, and suggest that women should act beyond gender binary and subvert the patriarchal norms and values that restrict them in every walk of their lives. I use transliteration and free translation while citing from the novel in the analysis. The finding of the article suggests that a number of factors instigate Yogamaya cast of her feminine self and emerge as a rebel. It helps to understand how Yogamaya subverts patriarchy within its bound exposing the inherent biasness in it.
Can a man be rigid, strong and decisive all the time? How do people know about their normative g... more Can a man be rigid, strong and decisive all the time? How do people know about their normative gender roles? Who formulates the rules about love, sex, marriage, and men and women relations? These are some of the issues raised in Sanjeev Upreti's latest novel Hansa [Duck] (2019). The novel artistically and sensitively traces the limits of patriarchal gender roles and suggests that masculinity is contextual and undergoes a continuous process of change. The major male characters of the novel, despite their inclination towards heterosexuality, and despite their effort to perform traditional masculinity, fail. Though they have embraced hegemonic masculinity as an ideal form of masculinity, and try to practice it, they are weak and vulnerable. This article explores why these characters fail to perform their gender roles as par their expectations. To analyze male gender roles and masculinity in the novel, theories of masculinity are drawn basically from Raewyn Connell and Judith Butle...
The article aims to analyze the depiction of women and nature in Abhi Subedi’s play, Māyādevikā S... more The article aims to analyze the depiction of women and nature in Abhi Subedi’s play, Māyādevikā Sapanā [Dreams of Mayadevi] (2008) from the ecofeminist perspective. The play associates women to nature and suggests that there is similarity between the domination of women and exploitation of nature by men in patriarchy. The female characters of the play criticize the patriarchal gender roles based on hierarchy and dualism. They identify patriarchy as the root cause of violence against women and nature. Ecofeminist critics point out that there are conceptual, symbolic, and linguistic connections between feminist and ecological issues. Vandana Shiva and Maria Mies assert that it is the same patriarchal mindset that dominates women exploits the nature. Carolyn Merchant posits that modern capitalism treats nature as a wild female who needs to be tamed and controlled. Val Plumwood argues that western philosophy, which prioritizes reason to emotion, is the key to oppression of women and nat...
The article aims to examine the images of ethnic women in Upendra Subba's Lāto Pahāda [Dumb H... more The article aims to examine the images of ethnic women in Upendra Subba's Lāto Pahāda [Dumb Hill], a collection of short stories. The focus of the article is to analyze the portrayal of female characters in the selected five stories from the collection and to explain how they subvert the image of the ideal woman promoted by mainstream Nepali literature. These stories deal with the issues of Limbu people, an ethnic community residing in the eastern hilly region of Nepal. Through them, Subba raises the issues of ethnicity and representation of marginalized people. He explores the pain, suffering and hardship of these people who have been at the margin of the society. The stories, mostly, focus on men who play the primary roles in them; nonetheless, female characters play an important role to make sense of the lifestyle of the Limbu people. Portrayed in the secondary roles as wife, daughter, and mother to the male characters, they maintain equal relation with their male counterpart...
Researcher: A Research Journal of Culture and Society, 2020
The article aims to analyze Parijat's Blue Mimosa, which was originally published as Śirīṣak... more The article aims to analyze Parijat's Blue Mimosa, which was originally published as Śirīṣako Phūla (1965) from the feminist perspective. Feminists argue that patriarchy is unfriendly to women. They explain that because of biased patriarchal gender roles women suffer from gender-based violence. They claim that in patriarchy men have special power and privileges which allow them to dominate and control women to their benefit. They use corporal punishment and sexual violence in case women deny to submit to them. Thus, feminists protest the imposition of traditional gender roles in the process of socialization. They demand for a more egalitarian perspective towards gender which allows human individuals to live according to their interests and capacities. In Blue Mimosa, the female characters become the victim of gender-based violence. They are physically assaulted, raped, and murdered. Their bodies become the site where men enact violence. Thus, feminism is relevant to analyze the...
Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2014
The article explores the television commercials broadcasted by the Nepal Television (NTV) that ha... more The article explores the television commercials broadcasted by the Nepal Television (NTV) that have male roles to analyze how masculinity is presented in them. In Nepal, studies of men and masculinities remain a rare compared with studies of women and femininity. It is essential to analyze the representation of masculinity to understand men’s experiences, attitudes, beliefs and practices, not only to challenge men’s superiority over females, but also to create gender equality. ! e aim of this article then is to study how a hegemonic masculinity is represented and constructed within NTV commercials. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ctbijis.v1i1.10463 Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol.1(1) 2013; 1-10
Some of the poems in Rajan Mukarung's latest anthology Hātā Jāne Aghillo Rāta [The Night befo... more Some of the poems in Rajan Mukarung's latest anthology Hātā Jāne Aghillo Rāta [The Night before the Market Day] (2019) are written from the feminist perspective. However, the feminist voice raised in these poems is different from the feminist voice of the main stream Nepali feminist literature which raises the issues of urban, middle class, educated upper caste women from the hills (bourgeoisies women), who aspire liberation from the restrictive traditional gender roles. Unlike the main stream Nepali feminist literature, in these poems, he dramatizes the issues of women from the margin. These are poor and illiterate women from Dalit and ethnic communities who bear the brunt of not only gender discrimination, but also suffer from class and caste discriminations. The article aims to analyze three of the poems from the anthology from the Multicultural feminist perspectives. The finding of the article suggests that these poems raise the voice of marginalized women and demand justice...
This article explores feminist voice in selected poems of four Nepali female poets. They are: &qu... more This article explores feminist voice in selected poems of four Nepali female poets. They are: "Ma Eutā Chyātieko Poshtar" ["I, a Frayed Poster"] by Banira Giri, "Pothī Bāsnu Hudaina" ["A Hen Must not Crow"] by Kunta Sharma,"Ma Strī Arthāt Āimai"["I am a Female or a Woman"] by Seema Aavas and "Tuhāu Tyo Garvalai" ["Abort the Female Foetus"] by Pranika Koyu. In the selected poems they protest patriarchy and subvert patriarchal norms and values that trivialize women. The tone of their poems is sarcastic towards male chauvinism that treats women as a second-class citizen. The poets question and ridicule the restrictive feminine gender roles that limit women's opportunity. To examine the voice of protest against patriarchy in the selected poems, the article takes theoretical support from French feminism, though not limited to it. The finding of the article suggests that Nepali women have used the genre to...
Researcher: A Research Journal of Culture and Society
This article analyzes Abhi Subedi's play, Agniko Katha, from a feminist perspective. Feminist... more This article analyzes Abhi Subedi's play, Agniko Katha, from a feminist perspective. Feminist critics blame that the classics of literature are partly responsible for creating and perpetuating the myth about 'eternal feminine.' They claim that there are only two images available for women in patriarchal literature. One is the image of a virtuous passive woman and the other is the promiscuous selfish woman. The author of such literary texts rewards the virtuous woman whereas they punish the promiscuous one. Feminists argue that the underlying message of this method is: if a woman wants to survive in patriarchy she must act feminine. This effects women in their real life situation for they tend to perform feminine gender roles though they are disadvantageous to them. Thus, they protest the stereotype depiction of female characters in literary and other cultural texts. The article argues that Subedi defies the traditional notion of femininity and creates new roles for his f...
The article aims to analyze the connections between women and nature in Bisheshwar Parsad Koirala... more The article aims to analyze the connections between women and nature in Bisheshwar Parsad Koirala's novel Sumnima. To examine the relation between women and nature in the novel, the theory of eco feminism has been used. Eco feminism deals with the relationships between women and nature that particularly deals with the domination of women and exploitation of nature in a patriarchal social order. Eco feminist critics believe that issues of women and ecology are interrelated. They critique that the domination of nature by human beings is guided by the patriarchal world view, the same world view that justifies the domination of women. Thus, they resist the exploitation of women and nature. Koirala's Sumnima underscores the patriarchal structure based on dualisms like men/woman, masculine/ feminine, culture/nature, and spiritual/material, which destabilizes the system based on the hierarchy of the traditional gender roles. Thus, the article argues that the novel is written from t...
This Issue of the Journal of the Department of English Mahendra Multiple Campus JODEM in short co... more This Issue of the Journal of the Department of English Mahendra Multiple Campus JODEM in short comprises 10 Research Articles reflecting six diverse subject realms. Of the ten articles, three articles are concerned with feminine notions; three articles deal with ecological literature; and the rest four articles contain ethnicity, diaspora, literary pedagogy, and family issues respectively.
Patriarchal gender roles provide certain privileges to males. They hold the position of house hol... more Patriarchal gender roles provide certain privileges to males. They hold the position of house holder, which provides them access to power and resources, and authority over women and children in the family. Likewise, they get social recognition as the head of the family. But they get these privileges on the condition that they provide and protect their family members as breadwinners. One of the aspects of masculinity is to provide to the needs of the family. Thus, men take risks and accept challenges to earn money so that they can provide for their families. However, while performing the breadwinner role, they are likely to encounter different types of mental and physical threats that may cost them their lives. Govinda Raj Bhattarai's debut novel, Muglan deals with the problems faced by men in patriarchy. Though the protagonist and his companions have emulated the traditional masculinity and hoped to live like men, they fail. Thus, this article aims to analyze the representation ...
Sarita Tiwari (2015) in her collection of poems, Prashnaharuko Kārkhānā [Factory of Questions] pr... more Sarita Tiwari (2015) in her collection of poems, Prashnaharuko Kārkhānā [Factory of Questions] protests the tradition of wearing ornaments and cosmetics by women. Likewise, she rejects the use of submissive symbols and metaphors that have been used by the creative writers to define women. She identifies them as ploys that patriarchy has invented to maintain the subordination and subjugation of women to men. She argues that these techniques mystify and blur women's identity, so she questions and challenges them. Thus, this article analyzes five poems from the anthology to examine how the poet protests the traditional norms and values of patriarchy that define women as secondary to men and search for female's identity through them. To examine the quest for female's identity in her poetry, this article takes theoretical support from feminist critics like Mary Daly, Kate Millet, Naomi Wolf and others. These critics believe that patriarchy uses different types of myths to ma...
JODEM: Journal of Language and Literature, Sep 30, 2019
This article aims to analyze the struggle of Yogamaya, the lead female character of the novel , b... more This article aims to analyze the struggle of Yogamaya, the lead female character of the novel , by Neelam Karki Niharika. The novel based on the real life story of a rebel, Yogamaya, chronicles the incidents of her life that triggered her to cast off her feminine self and rebel for the establishment of a just society based on equity. The article examines those factors that force Yogamaya to rebel against the existing society and the process of her rebellion drawing insights form Helen Cixous and other feminists who find patriarchal gender roles based on binary opposition as oppressive, and suggest that women should act beyond gender binary and subvert the patriarchal norms and values that restrict them in every walk of their lives. I use transliteration and free translation while citing from the novel in the analysis. The finding of the article suggests that a number of factors instigate Yogamaya cast of her feminine self and emerge as a rebel. It helps to understand how Yogamaya subverts patriarchy within its bound exposing the inherent biasness in it.
Can a man be rigid, strong and decisive all the time? How do people know about their normative g... more Can a man be rigid, strong and decisive all the time? How do people know about their normative gender roles? Who formulates the rules about love, sex, marriage, and men and women relations? These are some of the issues raised in Sanjeev Upreti's latest novel Hansa [Duck] (2019). The novel artistically and sensitively traces the limits of patriarchal gender roles and suggests that masculinity is contextual and undergoes a continuous process of change. The major male characters of the novel, despite their inclination towards heterosexuality, and despite their effort to perform traditional masculinity, fail. Though they have embraced hegemonic masculinity as an ideal form of masculinity, and try to practice it, they are weak and vulnerable. This article explores why these characters fail to perform their gender roles as par their expectations. To analyze male gender roles and masculinity in the novel, theories of masculinity are drawn basically from Raewyn Connell and Judith Butle...
The article aims to analyze the depiction of women and nature in Abhi Subedi’s play, Māyādevikā S... more The article aims to analyze the depiction of women and nature in Abhi Subedi’s play, Māyādevikā Sapanā [Dreams of Mayadevi] (2008) from the ecofeminist perspective. The play associates women to nature and suggests that there is similarity between the domination of women and exploitation of nature by men in patriarchy. The female characters of the play criticize the patriarchal gender roles based on hierarchy and dualism. They identify patriarchy as the root cause of violence against women and nature. Ecofeminist critics point out that there are conceptual, symbolic, and linguistic connections between feminist and ecological issues. Vandana Shiva and Maria Mies assert that it is the same patriarchal mindset that dominates women exploits the nature. Carolyn Merchant posits that modern capitalism treats nature as a wild female who needs to be tamed and controlled. Val Plumwood argues that western philosophy, which prioritizes reason to emotion, is the key to oppression of women and nat...
The article aims to examine the images of ethnic women in Upendra Subba's Lāto Pahāda [Dumb H... more The article aims to examine the images of ethnic women in Upendra Subba's Lāto Pahāda [Dumb Hill], a collection of short stories. The focus of the article is to analyze the portrayal of female characters in the selected five stories from the collection and to explain how they subvert the image of the ideal woman promoted by mainstream Nepali literature. These stories deal with the issues of Limbu people, an ethnic community residing in the eastern hilly region of Nepal. Through them, Subba raises the issues of ethnicity and representation of marginalized people. He explores the pain, suffering and hardship of these people who have been at the margin of the society. The stories, mostly, focus on men who play the primary roles in them; nonetheless, female characters play an important role to make sense of the lifestyle of the Limbu people. Portrayed in the secondary roles as wife, daughter, and mother to the male characters, they maintain equal relation with their male counterpart...
Researcher: A Research Journal of Culture and Society, 2020
The article aims to analyze Parijat's Blue Mimosa, which was originally published as Śirīṣak... more The article aims to analyze Parijat's Blue Mimosa, which was originally published as Śirīṣako Phūla (1965) from the feminist perspective. Feminists argue that patriarchy is unfriendly to women. They explain that because of biased patriarchal gender roles women suffer from gender-based violence. They claim that in patriarchy men have special power and privileges which allow them to dominate and control women to their benefit. They use corporal punishment and sexual violence in case women deny to submit to them. Thus, feminists protest the imposition of traditional gender roles in the process of socialization. They demand for a more egalitarian perspective towards gender which allows human individuals to live according to their interests and capacities. In Blue Mimosa, the female characters become the victim of gender-based violence. They are physically assaulted, raped, and murdered. Their bodies become the site where men enact violence. Thus, feminism is relevant to analyze the...
Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2014
The article explores the television commercials broadcasted by the Nepal Television (NTV) that ha... more The article explores the television commercials broadcasted by the Nepal Television (NTV) that have male roles to analyze how masculinity is presented in them. In Nepal, studies of men and masculinities remain a rare compared with studies of women and femininity. It is essential to analyze the representation of masculinity to understand men’s experiences, attitudes, beliefs and practices, not only to challenge men’s superiority over females, but also to create gender equality. ! e aim of this article then is to study how a hegemonic masculinity is represented and constructed within NTV commercials. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ctbijis.v1i1.10463 Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol.1(1) 2013; 1-10
Some of the poems in Rajan Mukarung's latest anthology Hātā Jāne Aghillo Rāta [The Night befo... more Some of the poems in Rajan Mukarung's latest anthology Hātā Jāne Aghillo Rāta [The Night before the Market Day] (2019) are written from the feminist perspective. However, the feminist voice raised in these poems is different from the feminist voice of the main stream Nepali feminist literature which raises the issues of urban, middle class, educated upper caste women from the hills (bourgeoisies women), who aspire liberation from the restrictive traditional gender roles. Unlike the main stream Nepali feminist literature, in these poems, he dramatizes the issues of women from the margin. These are poor and illiterate women from Dalit and ethnic communities who bear the brunt of not only gender discrimination, but also suffer from class and caste discriminations. The article aims to analyze three of the poems from the anthology from the Multicultural feminist perspectives. The finding of the article suggests that these poems raise the voice of marginalized women and demand justice...
This article explores feminist voice in selected poems of four Nepali female poets. They are: &qu... more This article explores feminist voice in selected poems of four Nepali female poets. They are: "Ma Eutā Chyātieko Poshtar" ["I, a Frayed Poster"] by Banira Giri, "Pothī Bāsnu Hudaina" ["A Hen Must not Crow"] by Kunta Sharma,"Ma Strī Arthāt Āimai"["I am a Female or a Woman"] by Seema Aavas and "Tuhāu Tyo Garvalai" ["Abort the Female Foetus"] by Pranika Koyu. In the selected poems they protest patriarchy and subvert patriarchal norms and values that trivialize women. The tone of their poems is sarcastic towards male chauvinism that treats women as a second-class citizen. The poets question and ridicule the restrictive feminine gender roles that limit women's opportunity. To examine the voice of protest against patriarchy in the selected poems, the article takes theoretical support from French feminism, though not limited to it. The finding of the article suggests that Nepali women have used the genre to...
Researcher: A Research Journal of Culture and Society
This article analyzes Abhi Subedi's play, Agniko Katha, from a feminist perspective. Feminist... more This article analyzes Abhi Subedi's play, Agniko Katha, from a feminist perspective. Feminist critics blame that the classics of literature are partly responsible for creating and perpetuating the myth about 'eternal feminine.' They claim that there are only two images available for women in patriarchal literature. One is the image of a virtuous passive woman and the other is the promiscuous selfish woman. The author of such literary texts rewards the virtuous woman whereas they punish the promiscuous one. Feminists argue that the underlying message of this method is: if a woman wants to survive in patriarchy she must act feminine. This effects women in their real life situation for they tend to perform feminine gender roles though they are disadvantageous to them. Thus, they protest the stereotype depiction of female characters in literary and other cultural texts. The article argues that Subedi defies the traditional notion of femininity and creates new roles for his f...
The article aims to analyze the connections between women and nature in Bisheshwar Parsad Koirala... more The article aims to analyze the connections between women and nature in Bisheshwar Parsad Koirala's novel Sumnima. To examine the relation between women and nature in the novel, the theory of eco feminism has been used. Eco feminism deals with the relationships between women and nature that particularly deals with the domination of women and exploitation of nature in a patriarchal social order. Eco feminist critics believe that issues of women and ecology are interrelated. They critique that the domination of nature by human beings is guided by the patriarchal world view, the same world view that justifies the domination of women. Thus, they resist the exploitation of women and nature. Koirala's Sumnima underscores the patriarchal structure based on dualisms like men/woman, masculine/ feminine, culture/nature, and spiritual/material, which destabilizes the system based on the hierarchy of the traditional gender roles. Thus, the article argues that the novel is written from t...
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