Simplicity and ruggedness of Induction motor makes it suitable for many applications. There is wi... more Simplicity and ruggedness of Induction motor makes it suitable for many applications. There is wide range of machine easily available. The control and estimation of ac drives is more complex than those of dc drives. Almost all the types of ac drive require variable frequency for speed control. The timely varying inductances make this drive more complex for close loop control. So there is a need of harmonically filtered converter power supplies for the better operation of these drives. In the PWM Inverter fed Induction motor drives the current drawn by power semi converter devices from the line is distorted in nature.Distorted nature of current gives rise to high value of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and low Power Factor (PF). So there is a continuous need for power factor improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. This paper aims to study the single switch boost converter approach to minimize the Total Harmonic Distortion for an Inverter drive.
This paper deals with the comparison of various motors that have been used for ceiling fan applic... more This paper deals with the comparison of various motors that have been used for ceiling fan application. Ceiling fan is mostly driven by the single induction motor with an efficiency of 30%. The BLDC motor is popular now a days for a high efficiency, compactness and controllability. The single phase induction motor and BLDC motor performance in ceiling fan application is compared considering Torque speed characteristic, speed regulation efficiency and effective cost. A MATLAB Simulink model of ceiling fan using BLDC motor is modelled and simulated.
Distance relay is most popular in protection of High Voltage and extra high voltage transmission ... more Distance relay is most popular in protection of High Voltage and extra high voltage transmission lines science many decades. In this paper analysis of distance protection relay employing with STATCOM on transmission line is done by using the simulation. Also effect of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) on the distance protection relay under normal and abnormal conditions is investigated. However traditional updating of transmission lines is difficult. To fulfill power demand on the system need to utilize existing power system with the help of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS), but this will affect the traditional protection scheme for transmission lines. Simulation result clearly shows the impact of STATCOM on distance protection scheme during fault conditions. A typical 400KV, 300KM long transmission line with 100MVA STATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink is studied.
Distance relay is most popular in protection of High Voltage and extra high voltage transmission ... more Distance relay is most popular in protection of High Voltage and extra high voltage transmission lines science many decades. In this paper analysis of distance protection relay employing with STATCOM on transmission line is done by using the simulation. Also effect of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) on the distance protection relay under normal and abnormal conditions is investigated. However traditional updating of transmission lines is difficult. To fulfill power demand on the system need to utilize existing power system with the help of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS), but this will affect the traditional protection scheme for transmission lines. Simulation result clearly shows the impact of STATCOM on distance protection scheme during fault conditions. A typical 400KV, 300KM long transmission line with 100MVA STATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink is studied.
Modern power system is a complex network. Rapid industrialization & globalization makes the netwo... more Modern power system is a complex network. Rapid industrialization & globalization makes the network management more complex. The stability of power system becomes a more critical challenge because a cost of a voltage collapse or instability could cause power interupti0n that could have very high impact on economy. As network expands, generating station in one cluster& the neighboring cluster can develop oscillatory tendencies under disturbance. This depends on relative strength of the group of generators& the interconnecting network. The generator could be of different make, different size & different type of excitation & governor control. This adds to the complexity of the system as response of different generators could be different. The exhibits low damping to certain disturbances & resulting oscillation could lead to instability. Power system stabilizers provide an effective means of improving system damping of electric power system during low frequency oscillations in the range of 0.5 to 3HZ.Low frequency oscillations are a common problem in large power system. Low frequency oscillations are observed when large power systems are interconnected by relatively weak tie lines. These oscillations may sustain & grow to cause system separation if no adequate damping is available. Excitation control or AVR is well known as an effective mean to improve the overall stability of the power system. This work is an effort to ensure quality power to the consumers efficiently by using Robust-co-ordinate AVR-PSS (RCAP). This work presents the stability study of a Multimachine system using Robust AVR& PSS.
This Research studies, In recent years, Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be considered as a con... more This Research studies, In recent years, Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be considered as a concrete which has little resistance to flow so that it can be placed and compacted under its own weight with little or no vibration effort, yet possesses enough viscosity to be handled without segregation or bleeding. Several tests such as slump flow, V-funnel, L-box has carried out to determine optimum parameters for the self-compatibility of mixtures. In this article SCC plain and SCC hybrid fibres has compared. The current study includes a practical program considers the effect of adding Nylon e-300 fibre and Nylon tuff fibre to structural behavior of self-compacting concrete such as compressive strength and flexural strength behavior represent by mix proportion-strength curves.
Global warming has emerged today as life-threatening issue for the world. As concrete is one the ... more Global warming has emerged today as life-threatening issue for the world. As concrete is one the most consumed material after water on the earth for infrastructure & construction industries, a commendable contribution cam be made by optimizing the use of cement and natural resources in concrete manufacturing. Geopolymer concrete is one of the major developments in recent years leading to utilization of fly ash in large quantities and thus reducing cement consumption and ultimately reducing emission of CO 2 in order of one tonne per a tonne of cement. Mechanical &Durability properties of concrete structure is another important parameter affecting the sustainability of concrete technology in addition to minimizing use of virgin material. Experimental investigation has been taken up on low calcium fly ash based Geopolymer concrete having three different molar concentration of activator liquids along with different percentage of Nano silica addition. The investigations have been done by observing the compressive strength, % weight loss and % loss of compressive strength. Nano materials have many advantages due to its surface area. This paper presents the effect of addition of different proportion of Nano silica in the low calcium fly ash based Geopolymer concrete.
This study reviews the theories and modelling methods of the interaction between soil and the emb... more This study reviews the theories and modelling methods of the interaction between soil and the embedded sheet pile structure covering the various responses and performance of both materials under various conditions. Interaction between soil and the embedded sheet pile structure is important considering the complex and indeterminate behaviour of both materials which results in non-linear structural deformation. The study affirms the importance of numerical computational tools in resolving the complex nature of interaction between soil and sheet-pile. Also, the study considers the contribution of various soil parameters in the interaction and the extent of response in terms of behavioure. deformation, stress distribution etc. It is found that the true behaviour and magnitude of deformation and stress distribution is generally dependent on the model and design technique chosen and all these in general contribute to the overall performance of both the soil and sheet pile wall.
This study reviews the theories and modelling methods for describing interfacial delamination fai... more This study reviews the theories and modelling methods for describing interfacial delamination failure process between two bonded cementitious materials. Complex interfacial stress conditions at discontinuities and areas of high stress concentrations were primary areas of concern. Distinct analytical cases involving intrinsic material and structural property variables were considered. An approach based on plane strain analysis within the context of Interface Cohesive Zone Model (ICZM) was cited and presented as viable for describing and predicting delamination mode of failure in bonded concrete overlays systems (BCOs). The study shows that the use of numerical computational tools is vital in resolving the manifold complexity associated with interfacial delamination problems. In the concluding analytical model, it is evident that the numerical values of the delamination failure coefficient(D) and the corresponding Mixed-Mode energy release rates (G ) vary depending on the overlay structural scale, the type of problem (plane stress or plane strain) and the degree of mismatched properties between the overlay and the substrate.
Portland cement is one of the most used materials in the world. Due the environmental problems re... more Portland cement is one of the most used materials in the world. Due the environmental problems related to its use, such as CO 2 emission and use of non-renewable raw materials, new materials are being researched. In the recent years, there is a great interest in replacing a long time used materials in concrete structure by nanomaterials (NMs) to produce concrete with novel function and better performance at unprecedented levels. NMs are used either to replace part of cement, producing ecological profile concrete or as admixtures in cement pastes. The great reactivity of NMs is attributed to their high purity and specific surface area. A number of NMs been explored and among of them nanosilica has been used most extensively. This work aims to study, the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of composite cements containing silica fume (SF) and nanosilica (NS). Different cement blends were made from OPC, SF and NS. OPC was substituted with SF up to 15.0 mass, %, then the SF portion was partially replaced by NS (2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mass, %). The hydration behavior was followed by determination of free lime (FL) and combined water (Wn) contents at different curing ages. The required water for standard consistency (W/C), setting times (IST&FST), bulk density (BD) and compressive strength were also estimated. The hydration products were analyzed using XRD, DTA and SEM techniques. The results showed that, both of SF and NS improve the hydration behavior and physico-mechanical properties of composite cements. But, NS possesses higher improvement level than SF. This is due to that, both of them behave not only as filler to improve the microstructure, but also as activator to promote pozzolanic reaction, which enhances the formation of excessive hydration products. The higher beneficial role of NS is mainly due to its higher surface area, filling effect and pozzolanic activity in comparison with SF. The composite cement containing 85.0 % OPC, 11.0 % SF and 4.0 % NS gave the optimum mechanical properties at all ages of hydration.
This study investigates the interaction between soil and the embedded sheet pile wall at the inte... more This study investigates the interaction between soil and the embedded sheet pile wall at the interface which is not generally well captured in the conventional theoretical and design methods. This was implemented by carrying out numerical analysis to study the behavior and response of the two contacting materials using incremental loading technique. The effects of the interaction were investigated in terms of deformations and stress distributions, all based on Finite Element technique. Numerical analyses of sheet pile wall embedded in homogenous and heterogeneous soil strata were performedindependently. The results showed variation between the theoretical conventional design approach and that of the numerical analysis for both anchored and cantilevered sheet pile walls. The numerical analysis showed various cases of overestimation of deformation in assumed homogenous sand by 31.28% compared to the ideal heterogeneous soil layers, with strong indication of the positive contributions of cohesion values in soils generally assumed as cohessionless. Additional study on the possible replacement of embedded conventional steel rebar with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) in concrete sheet pile along corrosive shoreline environment was undertaken. The general response of the CFRP reinforced pile in relation to conventional steel showed no significant variation in terms of horizontal deformation.
In this paper, a comparative study of BS 8110-97 and Eurocode2 for the design of reinforced concr... more In this paper, a comparative study of BS 8110-97 and Eurocode2 for the design of reinforced concrete beam with a particular interest on the area of tension and shear reinforcements required, with the aim of determining which of the two codes provides the most economic design is carried out using Microsoft excel spreadsheet. A six-span continuous beam from the roof of a three storey shopping complex was selected and designed with the aid of a programmed excel spread sheet, taking into account only dead and live loads and assuming all spans to be loaded equally for both dead and live load combination. The self-weight of the beam was taken as the dead load while the live load was assumed to be a unity. The result of the analysis was used to design the beams based on both codes with the aid of a programmed spread sheet. The percentage difference between the areas of steel required by the two codes was calculated with the BS 8110 code results as the control values. The average percentage difference for all spans was found to be about -3.08%, indicating that the Eurocode2 requires less amount of reinforcement at the spans. The average percentage difference for all supports was found to be about -2.83%, indicating that the Eurocode2 requires lesser amounts of reinforcements at supports. The average percentage difference of the required ratio of area of shear reinforcement to spacing was about -61.90% indicating that the BS8110 requires more shear reinforcement than the Eurocode2.
The use of plastic bags subjected to pyrolysis at 120 0 C to produce plastic pellet as partial re... more The use of plastic bags subjected to pyrolysis at 120 0 C to produce plastic pellet as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in asphalt cement concrete is investigated in this paper. Optimum binder content was determined by Marshall test procedure and used for plastic pellet content of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% by weight of coarse aggregate for asphalt concrete production. Three specimens for each percentage plastic pellet content is prepared with result based on Marshall design criteria for medium traffic. Results of the asphalt cement concrete showed that 2 to 4 percent of plastic pellet content satisfied Marshal's requirements, hence the use of plastic pellet as partial replacement for coarse aggregate was recommended within this limit.
The purpose of present paper is to find applications of Fractional Calculus approach in Fluid Mec... more The purpose of present paper is to find applications of Fractional Calculus approach in Fluid Mechanics. In this paper by generalizing the instability phenomenon in fluid flow through porous media with mean capillary pressure with transforming the problem into Fractional partial differential equation and solving it by applying Fractional Calculus and special functions.
Soil is the foundation material which supports loads from the overlying structure. Soil is the mo... more Soil is the foundation material which supports loads from the overlying structure. Soil is the most widely used material in a highway system, either in its natural form or in a processed form. Also, all pavement structures eventually rest on soil foundation. The construction cost can be considerably decreased by selecting local materials including local soils for the construction of the lower layers of the pavement such as the sub-base course. The present study is aims to design of pavement thickness for both unstabilized and stone dust stabilized soil. Stone Dust is procured from the Pal Stone Industry Halduchaur, the soil is excavated from the the campus of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. The material was extracted from 60cm below the ground surface. The overall testing program was conducted in three phases. In first phase, the geotechnical characteristics of the soil were studied by conducting laboratory tests such as compaction test, California bearing ratio test, specific gravity, unconfined compression strength test, direct shear test and consistency limit test. In second phase, the geotechnical characteristics of the stone dust were studied by conducting same laboratory tests as above. In third phase, the pavement thickness is calculated for unstabilized soil and stone dust stabilized soil which was obtained by adding optimum percentage of stone dust based on CBR test.
Genetic Algorithm is one of the global optimization schemes that have gained popularity as a mean... more Genetic Algorithm is one of the global optimization schemes that have gained popularity as a means to attain water resources optimization. It is an optimization technique, based on the principle of natural selection, derived from the theory of evolution, is used for solving optimization problems. In the present study Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used to develop a policy for optimizing the release of water for the purpose of irrigation. The study area is Sukhi Reservoir project in Gujarat, India. The months taken for the case study are June, July, August and September for three years from year 2004 to 2006. The fitness function used is to minimize the squared difference between the monthly reservoir release and irrigation demand along with squared deviation in mass balance equation. The decision variables are monthly reservoir releases for irrigation and initial storages in reservoir at beginning of the month. The constraints considered for this optimization are the bounds for the reservoir releases and reservoir storage capacity. The results derived by using GA shows that the downstream irrigation demands are completely satisfied and also considerable amount of water is saved.
In this work the influence of soil mechanical properties on the displacements of mat foundation i... more In this work the influence of soil mechanical properties on the displacements of mat foundation is studied. It was introduced the soil-structure interaction that is modeled by two parameters, the modulus of subgrade vertical reaction (k) and the modulus of subgrade horizontal reaction (2T). These two parameters are dependent on the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the system. It appears from this study that the modulus of vertical subgrade reaction is not an intrinsic characteristic but depends on the parameters of the soil and the concrete (E s ν s , E b and ν b ) and the dimensions of the plate (so dependent on the superstructure). It is clear from this analysis that the foundation soil parameters are more influential than those of the plate.
Composite construction is well established for some decades as a construction method. The light s... more Composite construction is well established for some decades as a construction method. The light steel gives two advantages which are cheaper and lighter. One of the important parameters which affects the ultimate strength of the composite section is the bond at the interface of the steel and the concrete which relies on the shear forces existing between the steel section and the concrete core where mechanical connectors are provided. Based on the literature survey, Stud connectors are to be used in this experimental work, because of its excellent load carrying capacity and better ductility. Lightweight concrete is now a commonly used material that can successfully replace normal density concrete and the presence of shear connector provides good bonding strength between steel section and concrete. The principal reason for using light weight concrete is the advantage of reducing the concrete element's self-weight. This weight saving permits larger spans or lower the weight of the steel section and lowers the cost of the foundations.
There are various roofing elements such as slab, G. I. sheets; A. C. Sheets, etc are in use. The ... more There are various roofing elements such as slab, G. I. sheets; A. C. Sheets, etc are in use. The load carrying capacity of these roofing elements can be enhanced by the grid pattern of folded plate action in both the longitudinal directions. Due to this the dead load and deflection of the slab will reduce with increase in moment and shear carrying capacity by enhancing its ductility. The principle of folded plate action in both the directions of the grid pattern designed for G. I. sheets and A. C. Sheets will also increase the load carrying capacity of the G. I. and A. C. Sheets.
Automobile systems today is going through major changes and as concert to comfort the suspension ... more Automobile systems today is going through major changes and as concert to comfort the suspension system and it's working is very important. The study of four link suspension system and dynamic analysis are discussed in this paper. This paper discusses the design problem of vehicles using four-link suspension systems with the aim of totally optimizing vehicle handling and stability. Since this problem includes many evaluation items, and Four-link suspension system has interconnected behavior, the optimization is so complicated. An efficient and computable model is indispensable for compromising the total optimization. This paper investigates a structure of objectives, introduces appropriate simulation models for respective items; we apply multi body dynamic analysis to plot the varies terms such as wheel travel, camber angle, caster angle, toe-in, toe-out etc. The result of optimization calculation shows the validity of the optimization model.
Simplicity and ruggedness of Induction motor makes it suitable for many applications. There is wi... more Simplicity and ruggedness of Induction motor makes it suitable for many applications. There is wide range of machine easily available. The control and estimation of ac drives is more complex than those of dc drives. Almost all the types of ac drive require variable frequency for speed control. The timely varying inductances make this drive more complex for close loop control. So there is a need of harmonically filtered converter power supplies for the better operation of these drives. In the PWM Inverter fed Induction motor drives the current drawn by power semi converter devices from the line is distorted in nature.Distorted nature of current gives rise to high value of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and low Power Factor (PF). So there is a continuous need for power factor improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. This paper aims to study the single switch boost converter approach to minimize the Total Harmonic Distortion for an Inverter drive.
This paper deals with the comparison of various motors that have been used for ceiling fan applic... more This paper deals with the comparison of various motors that have been used for ceiling fan application. Ceiling fan is mostly driven by the single induction motor with an efficiency of 30%. The BLDC motor is popular now a days for a high efficiency, compactness and controllability. The single phase induction motor and BLDC motor performance in ceiling fan application is compared considering Torque speed characteristic, speed regulation efficiency and effective cost. A MATLAB Simulink model of ceiling fan using BLDC motor is modelled and simulated.
Distance relay is most popular in protection of High Voltage and extra high voltage transmission ... more Distance relay is most popular in protection of High Voltage and extra high voltage transmission lines science many decades. In this paper analysis of distance protection relay employing with STATCOM on transmission line is done by using the simulation. Also effect of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) on the distance protection relay under normal and abnormal conditions is investigated. However traditional updating of transmission lines is difficult. To fulfill power demand on the system need to utilize existing power system with the help of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS), but this will affect the traditional protection scheme for transmission lines. Simulation result clearly shows the impact of STATCOM on distance protection scheme during fault conditions. A typical 400KV, 300KM long transmission line with 100MVA STATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink is studied.
Distance relay is most popular in protection of High Voltage and extra high voltage transmission ... more Distance relay is most popular in protection of High Voltage and extra high voltage transmission lines science many decades. In this paper analysis of distance protection relay employing with STATCOM on transmission line is done by using the simulation. Also effect of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) on the distance protection relay under normal and abnormal conditions is investigated. However traditional updating of transmission lines is difficult. To fulfill power demand on the system need to utilize existing power system with the help of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS), but this will affect the traditional protection scheme for transmission lines. Simulation result clearly shows the impact of STATCOM on distance protection scheme during fault conditions. A typical 400KV, 300KM long transmission line with 100MVA STATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink is studied.
Modern power system is a complex network. Rapid industrialization & globalization makes the netwo... more Modern power system is a complex network. Rapid industrialization & globalization makes the network management more complex. The stability of power system becomes a more critical challenge because a cost of a voltage collapse or instability could cause power interupti0n that could have very high impact on economy. As network expands, generating station in one cluster& the neighboring cluster can develop oscillatory tendencies under disturbance. This depends on relative strength of the group of generators& the interconnecting network. The generator could be of different make, different size & different type of excitation & governor control. This adds to the complexity of the system as response of different generators could be different. The exhibits low damping to certain disturbances & resulting oscillation could lead to instability. Power system stabilizers provide an effective means of improving system damping of electric power system during low frequency oscillations in the range of 0.5 to 3HZ.Low frequency oscillations are a common problem in large power system. Low frequency oscillations are observed when large power systems are interconnected by relatively weak tie lines. These oscillations may sustain & grow to cause system separation if no adequate damping is available. Excitation control or AVR is well known as an effective mean to improve the overall stability of the power system. This work is an effort to ensure quality power to the consumers efficiently by using Robust-co-ordinate AVR-PSS (RCAP). This work presents the stability study of a Multimachine system using Robust AVR& PSS.
This Research studies, In recent years, Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be considered as a con... more This Research studies, In recent years, Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be considered as a concrete which has little resistance to flow so that it can be placed and compacted under its own weight with little or no vibration effort, yet possesses enough viscosity to be handled without segregation or bleeding. Several tests such as slump flow, V-funnel, L-box has carried out to determine optimum parameters for the self-compatibility of mixtures. In this article SCC plain and SCC hybrid fibres has compared. The current study includes a practical program considers the effect of adding Nylon e-300 fibre and Nylon tuff fibre to structural behavior of self-compacting concrete such as compressive strength and flexural strength behavior represent by mix proportion-strength curves.
Global warming has emerged today as life-threatening issue for the world. As concrete is one the ... more Global warming has emerged today as life-threatening issue for the world. As concrete is one the most consumed material after water on the earth for infrastructure & construction industries, a commendable contribution cam be made by optimizing the use of cement and natural resources in concrete manufacturing. Geopolymer concrete is one of the major developments in recent years leading to utilization of fly ash in large quantities and thus reducing cement consumption and ultimately reducing emission of CO 2 in order of one tonne per a tonne of cement. Mechanical &Durability properties of concrete structure is another important parameter affecting the sustainability of concrete technology in addition to minimizing use of virgin material. Experimental investigation has been taken up on low calcium fly ash based Geopolymer concrete having three different molar concentration of activator liquids along with different percentage of Nano silica addition. The investigations have been done by observing the compressive strength, % weight loss and % loss of compressive strength. Nano materials have many advantages due to its surface area. This paper presents the effect of addition of different proportion of Nano silica in the low calcium fly ash based Geopolymer concrete.
This study reviews the theories and modelling methods of the interaction between soil and the emb... more This study reviews the theories and modelling methods of the interaction between soil and the embedded sheet pile structure covering the various responses and performance of both materials under various conditions. Interaction between soil and the embedded sheet pile structure is important considering the complex and indeterminate behaviour of both materials which results in non-linear structural deformation. The study affirms the importance of numerical computational tools in resolving the complex nature of interaction between soil and sheet-pile. Also, the study considers the contribution of various soil parameters in the interaction and the extent of response in terms of behavioure. deformation, stress distribution etc. It is found that the true behaviour and magnitude of deformation and stress distribution is generally dependent on the model and design technique chosen and all these in general contribute to the overall performance of both the soil and sheet pile wall.
This study reviews the theories and modelling methods for describing interfacial delamination fai... more This study reviews the theories and modelling methods for describing interfacial delamination failure process between two bonded cementitious materials. Complex interfacial stress conditions at discontinuities and areas of high stress concentrations were primary areas of concern. Distinct analytical cases involving intrinsic material and structural property variables were considered. An approach based on plane strain analysis within the context of Interface Cohesive Zone Model (ICZM) was cited and presented as viable for describing and predicting delamination mode of failure in bonded concrete overlays systems (BCOs). The study shows that the use of numerical computational tools is vital in resolving the manifold complexity associated with interfacial delamination problems. In the concluding analytical model, it is evident that the numerical values of the delamination failure coefficient(D) and the corresponding Mixed-Mode energy release rates (G ) vary depending on the overlay structural scale, the type of problem (plane stress or plane strain) and the degree of mismatched properties between the overlay and the substrate.
Portland cement is one of the most used materials in the world. Due the environmental problems re... more Portland cement is one of the most used materials in the world. Due the environmental problems related to its use, such as CO 2 emission and use of non-renewable raw materials, new materials are being researched. In the recent years, there is a great interest in replacing a long time used materials in concrete structure by nanomaterials (NMs) to produce concrete with novel function and better performance at unprecedented levels. NMs are used either to replace part of cement, producing ecological profile concrete or as admixtures in cement pastes. The great reactivity of NMs is attributed to their high purity and specific surface area. A number of NMs been explored and among of them nanosilica has been used most extensively. This work aims to study, the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of composite cements containing silica fume (SF) and nanosilica (NS). Different cement blends were made from OPC, SF and NS. OPC was substituted with SF up to 15.0 mass, %, then the SF portion was partially replaced by NS (2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mass, %). The hydration behavior was followed by determination of free lime (FL) and combined water (Wn) contents at different curing ages. The required water for standard consistency (W/C), setting times (IST&FST), bulk density (BD) and compressive strength were also estimated. The hydration products were analyzed using XRD, DTA and SEM techniques. The results showed that, both of SF and NS improve the hydration behavior and physico-mechanical properties of composite cements. But, NS possesses higher improvement level than SF. This is due to that, both of them behave not only as filler to improve the microstructure, but also as activator to promote pozzolanic reaction, which enhances the formation of excessive hydration products. The higher beneficial role of NS is mainly due to its higher surface area, filling effect and pozzolanic activity in comparison with SF. The composite cement containing 85.0 % OPC, 11.0 % SF and 4.0 % NS gave the optimum mechanical properties at all ages of hydration.
This study investigates the interaction between soil and the embedded sheet pile wall at the inte... more This study investigates the interaction between soil and the embedded sheet pile wall at the interface which is not generally well captured in the conventional theoretical and design methods. This was implemented by carrying out numerical analysis to study the behavior and response of the two contacting materials using incremental loading technique. The effects of the interaction were investigated in terms of deformations and stress distributions, all based on Finite Element technique. Numerical analyses of sheet pile wall embedded in homogenous and heterogeneous soil strata were performedindependently. The results showed variation between the theoretical conventional design approach and that of the numerical analysis for both anchored and cantilevered sheet pile walls. The numerical analysis showed various cases of overestimation of deformation in assumed homogenous sand by 31.28% compared to the ideal heterogeneous soil layers, with strong indication of the positive contributions of cohesion values in soils generally assumed as cohessionless. Additional study on the possible replacement of embedded conventional steel rebar with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) in concrete sheet pile along corrosive shoreline environment was undertaken. The general response of the CFRP reinforced pile in relation to conventional steel showed no significant variation in terms of horizontal deformation.
In this paper, a comparative study of BS 8110-97 and Eurocode2 for the design of reinforced concr... more In this paper, a comparative study of BS 8110-97 and Eurocode2 for the design of reinforced concrete beam with a particular interest on the area of tension and shear reinforcements required, with the aim of determining which of the two codes provides the most economic design is carried out using Microsoft excel spreadsheet. A six-span continuous beam from the roof of a three storey shopping complex was selected and designed with the aid of a programmed excel spread sheet, taking into account only dead and live loads and assuming all spans to be loaded equally for both dead and live load combination. The self-weight of the beam was taken as the dead load while the live load was assumed to be a unity. The result of the analysis was used to design the beams based on both codes with the aid of a programmed spread sheet. The percentage difference between the areas of steel required by the two codes was calculated with the BS 8110 code results as the control values. The average percentage difference for all spans was found to be about -3.08%, indicating that the Eurocode2 requires less amount of reinforcement at the spans. The average percentage difference for all supports was found to be about -2.83%, indicating that the Eurocode2 requires lesser amounts of reinforcements at supports. The average percentage difference of the required ratio of area of shear reinforcement to spacing was about -61.90% indicating that the BS8110 requires more shear reinforcement than the Eurocode2.
The use of plastic bags subjected to pyrolysis at 120 0 C to produce plastic pellet as partial re... more The use of plastic bags subjected to pyrolysis at 120 0 C to produce plastic pellet as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in asphalt cement concrete is investigated in this paper. Optimum binder content was determined by Marshall test procedure and used for plastic pellet content of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% by weight of coarse aggregate for asphalt concrete production. Three specimens for each percentage plastic pellet content is prepared with result based on Marshall design criteria for medium traffic. Results of the asphalt cement concrete showed that 2 to 4 percent of plastic pellet content satisfied Marshal's requirements, hence the use of plastic pellet as partial replacement for coarse aggregate was recommended within this limit.
The purpose of present paper is to find applications of Fractional Calculus approach in Fluid Mec... more The purpose of present paper is to find applications of Fractional Calculus approach in Fluid Mechanics. In this paper by generalizing the instability phenomenon in fluid flow through porous media with mean capillary pressure with transforming the problem into Fractional partial differential equation and solving it by applying Fractional Calculus and special functions.
Soil is the foundation material which supports loads from the overlying structure. Soil is the mo... more Soil is the foundation material which supports loads from the overlying structure. Soil is the most widely used material in a highway system, either in its natural form or in a processed form. Also, all pavement structures eventually rest on soil foundation. The construction cost can be considerably decreased by selecting local materials including local soils for the construction of the lower layers of the pavement such as the sub-base course. The present study is aims to design of pavement thickness for both unstabilized and stone dust stabilized soil. Stone Dust is procured from the Pal Stone Industry Halduchaur, the soil is excavated from the the campus of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. The material was extracted from 60cm below the ground surface. The overall testing program was conducted in three phases. In first phase, the geotechnical characteristics of the soil were studied by conducting laboratory tests such as compaction test, California bearing ratio test, specific gravity, unconfined compression strength test, direct shear test and consistency limit test. In second phase, the geotechnical characteristics of the stone dust were studied by conducting same laboratory tests as above. In third phase, the pavement thickness is calculated for unstabilized soil and stone dust stabilized soil which was obtained by adding optimum percentage of stone dust based on CBR test.
Genetic Algorithm is one of the global optimization schemes that have gained popularity as a mean... more Genetic Algorithm is one of the global optimization schemes that have gained popularity as a means to attain water resources optimization. It is an optimization technique, based on the principle of natural selection, derived from the theory of evolution, is used for solving optimization problems. In the present study Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used to develop a policy for optimizing the release of water for the purpose of irrigation. The study area is Sukhi Reservoir project in Gujarat, India. The months taken for the case study are June, July, August and September for three years from year 2004 to 2006. The fitness function used is to minimize the squared difference between the monthly reservoir release and irrigation demand along with squared deviation in mass balance equation. The decision variables are monthly reservoir releases for irrigation and initial storages in reservoir at beginning of the month. The constraints considered for this optimization are the bounds for the reservoir releases and reservoir storage capacity. The results derived by using GA shows that the downstream irrigation demands are completely satisfied and also considerable amount of water is saved.
In this work the influence of soil mechanical properties on the displacements of mat foundation i... more In this work the influence of soil mechanical properties on the displacements of mat foundation is studied. It was introduced the soil-structure interaction that is modeled by two parameters, the modulus of subgrade vertical reaction (k) and the modulus of subgrade horizontal reaction (2T). These two parameters are dependent on the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the system. It appears from this study that the modulus of vertical subgrade reaction is not an intrinsic characteristic but depends on the parameters of the soil and the concrete (E s ν s , E b and ν b ) and the dimensions of the plate (so dependent on the superstructure). It is clear from this analysis that the foundation soil parameters are more influential than those of the plate.
Composite construction is well established for some decades as a construction method. The light s... more Composite construction is well established for some decades as a construction method. The light steel gives two advantages which are cheaper and lighter. One of the important parameters which affects the ultimate strength of the composite section is the bond at the interface of the steel and the concrete which relies on the shear forces existing between the steel section and the concrete core where mechanical connectors are provided. Based on the literature survey, Stud connectors are to be used in this experimental work, because of its excellent load carrying capacity and better ductility. Lightweight concrete is now a commonly used material that can successfully replace normal density concrete and the presence of shear connector provides good bonding strength between steel section and concrete. The principal reason for using light weight concrete is the advantage of reducing the concrete element's self-weight. This weight saving permits larger spans or lower the weight of the steel section and lowers the cost of the foundations.
There are various roofing elements such as slab, G. I. sheets; A. C. Sheets, etc are in use. The ... more There are various roofing elements such as slab, G. I. sheets; A. C. Sheets, etc are in use. The load carrying capacity of these roofing elements can be enhanced by the grid pattern of folded plate action in both the longitudinal directions. Due to this the dead load and deflection of the slab will reduce with increase in moment and shear carrying capacity by enhancing its ductility. The principle of folded plate action in both the directions of the grid pattern designed for G. I. sheets and A. C. Sheets will also increase the load carrying capacity of the G. I. and A. C. Sheets.
Automobile systems today is going through major changes and as concert to comfort the suspension ... more Automobile systems today is going through major changes and as concert to comfort the suspension system and it's working is very important. The study of four link suspension system and dynamic analysis are discussed in this paper. This paper discusses the design problem of vehicles using four-link suspension systems with the aim of totally optimizing vehicle handling and stability. Since this problem includes many evaluation items, and Four-link suspension system has interconnected behavior, the optimization is so complicated. An efficient and computable model is indispensable for compromising the total optimization. This paper investigates a structure of objectives, introduces appropriate simulation models for respective items; we apply multi body dynamic analysis to plot the varies terms such as wheel travel, camber angle, caster angle, toe-in, toe-out etc. The result of optimization calculation shows the validity of the optimization model.
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