The growing use of social media has made it a critical component of disaster response and recover... more The growing use of social media has made it a critical component of disaster response and recovery efforts. Both in terms of preparedness and response, public health officials and first responders have turned to automated tools to assist with organizing and visualizing large streams of social media. In turn, this has spurred new research into algorithms for information extraction, event detection and organization, and information visualization. One challenge of these efforts has been the lack of a common corpus for disaster response on which researchers can compare and contrast their work. This paper describes the Hurricane Sandy Twitter Corpus: 6.5 million geotagged Twitter posts from the geographic area and time period of the 2012 Hurricane Sandy.
The effects of electronegativity on the bonding between boron and second row elements are studied... more The effects of electronegativity on the bonding between boron and second row elements are studied in this paper. Calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT), Moller-Plesset Theory (MP2) and Natural Bonding Orbital (NBO) analysis were performed on BF3, B(OH)3 and B(NH2)3 and the localized bonding properties of these molecules were elucidated. All of these molecules showed the absence of pi-bonding and did not obey the octet rule. With decreasing electronegativity of the terminal atoms, F, O and N in BF3, B(OH)3, B(NH2)3 there is increasing the propensity of electron donation from these terminal atoms to the empty p-orbital of the central boron. Within the BH2−F, BH2−OH and BH2−NH2 series, the amino-borane showed the largest change in relative bond length and angle across this set. Furthermore, the borate anion, −O−B(OH) 2 was subjected to identical analysis and pi-bond formation was observed. Our results show that a good match orbital energies between the donor and acceptor or...
2021 6th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing (ICSP), 2021
In the era of big data and artificial intelligence, computer networks have become an important in... more In the era of big data and artificial intelligence, computer networks have become an important infrastructure, and the Internet has become ubiquitous. The most basic property of computer networks is reachability. The needs of the modern Internet mainly include cost, performance, reliability, and security. However, even for experienced network engineers, it is very difficult to manually conFigure the network to meet the needs of the modern large-scale Internet. The engineers often make mistakes, which can cause network paralysis, resulting in incalculable losses. Due to the development of automatic reasoning technology, automatic verification of network configuration is used to avoid mistakes. Network verification is at least an NP-C problem, so it is necessary to compress the network to reduce the network scale, thereby reducing the network verification time. This paper proposes a new model of network modeling, which is more suitable for the verification of network configuration on common protocols (such as RIP, BGP). On the basis of the existing compression method, two compression rules are added to compress the modeled network, reducing network verification time and conducting network reachability verification experiments on common networks. The experimental results are slightly better than the current compression methods.
To explore how autophagy changes and whether autophagy is involved in the pathophysiological proc... more To explore how autophagy changes and whether autophagy is involved in the pathophysiological process of synaptic plasticity injury caused by microwave radiation, we established a 30 mW/cmmicrowave-exposure in vivo model, which caused reversible injuries in rat neurons. Microwave radiation induced cognitive impairment in rats and synaptic plasticity injury in rat hippocampal neurons. Autophagy in rat hippocampal neurons was activated following microwave exposure. Additionally, we observed that synaptic vesicles were encapsulated by autophagosomes, a phenomenon more evident in the microwave-exposed group. Colocation of autophagosomes and synaptic vesicles in rat hippocampal neurons increased following microwave exposure. microwave exposure led to the activation of autophagy in rat hippocampal neurons, and excessive activation of autophagy might damage synaptic plasticity by mediating synaptic vesicle degradation.
Conformational structures of lysozyme at the interfaces of hydrophilic polymer poly[2-(methacrylo... more Conformational structures of lysozyme at the interfaces of hydrophilic polymer poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide] (PMEDSAH), are examined to understand the role of protein-polymer interactions on the stability of lysozyme. This work underpins the effect of hydration layer on the structures of physically adsorbed lysozyme on PMEDSAH brushes. Hydrophilic nature and strength of hydration layers around brushes are controlled by varying the brush thickness and temperature. We measured that lysozyme is structurally less stable on 15 nm thick hydrophilic PMEDSAH brushes at 75 • C than at room temperature. To the contrary, 5-8 nm thick brushes stretch in hydrated state by heating, hence yield higher structural stability of lysozyme. These results suggest that short polyzwitterionic brushes can facilitate improved biomaterial interactions that are essential for biosensors performing at elevated temperatures.
Retaining the conformational structure and bioactivity of immobilized proteins is important for b... more Retaining the conformational structure and bioactivity of immobilized proteins is important for biosensor designs and drug delivery systems. Confined environments often lead to changes in conformation and functions of proteins. In this study, lysozyme is chemically tethered into nanopores of polystyrene thin films and sub-micron pores in poly(methyl methacrylate) films are functionalized with streptavidin. Nanoindentation experiments show that stiffness of streptavidin increases with decreasing sub-micron pore sizes. Lysozymes in polystyrene nanopores are found to behave stiffer than the sub-micron pore sizes and still retain their specific bioactivity relative to the proteins on flat surfaces. Our results show that protein functionalized ordered nanoporous polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) films present heterogeneous elasticity and can be used to study interactions between free proteins and designed surfaces.
29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering: Volume 5, Parts A and B, 2010
Large diameter integral steel flanges are widely used in many applications in the oil and gas ind... more Large diameter integral steel flanges are widely used in many applications in the oil and gas industry. The flanges of nominal pipe sizes, 26-inch and above with ring-joint gaskets as specified in ASME B 16.47 Standard, are used in the offshore applications for the transportation of oil and gas from production facilities. These pipelines require flanged connections at end terminations, mid-line tie-ins and expansion loops. The conventional design of large diameter steel flanges is based on one-dimensional analytical methods similar to the procedure in ASME VIII Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Division 1 Appendix 2. The effects of axial forces and bending moments are approximated by calculating an equivalent pressure. This usually results in conservative designs for the large flanges because it estimates the required stud pre-tension based on the assumption that the gasket will be unloaded entirely to a minimum stress, whereas only a small section of the gasket is subjected to low s...
International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 2012
To meet the needs for product variety, many companies are shifting from a mass production mode to... more To meet the needs for product variety, many companies are shifting from a mass production mode to mass customization, which demands quick response to the needs of individual customers with high quality and low costs. The multifunction nature of mechanical components necessitates designers to redesign them each time when a component's function change. The functional GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing) specification, also called functional tolerancing, must be updated for each component. Currently, this is done by human. This could be very time consuming and error prone. Functional tolerancing is one of the main obstacles to the practical mechanical product family modeling. In this paper, a graph-based functional tolerancing scheme in 3D CAD is proposed. In the scheme, a product is generated by applying production rules to the graph of the base product, following customers' or manufacturing engineers' requirements. Functional tolerancing of each component of a product in the family is formulated as a non-linear constrained optimization (or cost minimization) process. Certain critical aspects of the scheme have been implemented in SolidWorks ® , by using its API (Application Programming Interface) and C++. LEDA ® and MATLAB ® have been used to solve the graph and optimization problems.
The first purpose of this study was to develop a noninvasive clinical tool that could predict whe... more The first purpose of this study was to develop a noninvasive clinical tool that could predict whether the scapholunate interosseous ligament and other secondary stabilizing ligaments are injured in the presence of suspected scapholunate instability. The second purpose of this study was to determine which of those ligaments or ligament groups have been injured. Kinematic and threedimensional (3D) meaurements from 62 cadaver wrists moved in a wrist joint motion simulator were used to develop various neural network predictive models. One group of models was based on angular changes in scaphoid and lunate motion before and after ligament sectioning (representing scapholunate instability). A second group of models was based on changes in the minimum distance between the scaphoid and lunate as well as other 3D gap measurements. The models, based on the scaphoid and lunate angular data, could predict with a 93% accuracy rate whether the wrist ligaments were intact. These models could also predict whether it was the dorsal ligaments or the volar ligaments that were sectioned 84% of the time. The models worked best using data with the wrist in 10 to 30 degrees of wrist flexion. The viability of a CT-based predictive model has been demonstrated by obtaining high prediction rates, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa statistic values. Keywords scapholunate instability; neural networks model Scapholunate instability is the most common type of carpal instability, and typically is the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand. Frequently, the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL), as well as secondary stabilizing ligaments, are partially or fully torn, resulting in changes in the ways the scaphoid and lunate move. 1-3 The instability pattern between the scaphoid and lunate may cause pain and the inability to grasp tools or lift objects. 4 As noted by Garcia-Elias et al., 5 the adverse effects of the ligament tears are underestimated, and the injury is frequently untreated or poorly managed. Numerous surgical treatments have been
The objectives of this study were to (a). create 3D reconstructions of two carpal bones from sing... more The objectives of this study were to (a). create 3D reconstructions of two carpal bones from single CT data sets and animate these bones with experimental in vitro motion data collected during dynamic loading of the wrist joint, (b). develop a technique to calculate the minimum interbone distance between the two carpal bones, and (c). validate the interbone distance calculation process. This method utilized commercial software to create the animations and an in-house program to interface with three-dimensional CAD software to calculate the minimum distance between the irregular geometries of the bones. This interbone minimum distance provides quantitative information regarding the motion of the bones studied and may help to understand and quantify the effects of ligamentous injury.
The present study was conducted for developing a new method to reduce the tannins content of Xuan... more The present study was conducted for developing a new method to reduce the tannins content of Xuan Mugua fruits. Lactic acid bacteria fermentation-like incubation was explored as an efficient method to reduce the astringency of Mugua fruits by reducing tannins content. To ensure the efficient removal of tannins, the fermentation conditions were optimized such as temperature, time, and ratio of bacteria to Mugua. Bacteria were able to reduce 78% of the tannins content in Mugua under the optimized conditions as assessed by the methylcellulose perceptible tannins assay. Meanwhile, the active components including polysaccharides, triterpenes, and antioxidants of Mugua with bacterial incubation were also explored, which showed the significant decrease compared to non-fermented Mugua. However, the trend for flavor components was different. This research provides a natural method to solve the astringency problem of these fruits and it will extend their application in food industry.
The growing use of social media has made it a critical component of disaster response and recover... more The growing use of social media has made it a critical component of disaster response and recovery efforts. Both in terms of preparedness and response, public health officials and first responders have turned to automated tools to assist with organizing and visualizing large streams of social media. In turn, this has spurred new research into algorithms for information extraction, event detection and organization, and information visualization. One challenge of these efforts has been the lack of a common corpus for disaster response on which researchers can compare and contrast their work. This paper describes the Hurricane Sandy Twitter Corpus: 6.5 million geotagged Twitter posts from the geographic area and time period of the 2012 Hurricane Sandy.
The effects of electronegativity on the bonding between boron and second row elements are studied... more The effects of electronegativity on the bonding between boron and second row elements are studied in this paper. Calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT), Moller-Plesset Theory (MP2) and Natural Bonding Orbital (NBO) analysis were performed on BF3, B(OH)3 and B(NH2)3 and the localized bonding properties of these molecules were elucidated. All of these molecules showed the absence of pi-bonding and did not obey the octet rule. With decreasing electronegativity of the terminal atoms, F, O and N in BF3, B(OH)3, B(NH2)3 there is increasing the propensity of electron donation from these terminal atoms to the empty p-orbital of the central boron. Within the BH2−F, BH2−OH and BH2−NH2 series, the amino-borane showed the largest change in relative bond length and angle across this set. Furthermore, the borate anion, −O−B(OH) 2 was subjected to identical analysis and pi-bond formation was observed. Our results show that a good match orbital energies between the donor and acceptor or...
2021 6th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing (ICSP), 2021
In the era of big data and artificial intelligence, computer networks have become an important in... more In the era of big data and artificial intelligence, computer networks have become an important infrastructure, and the Internet has become ubiquitous. The most basic property of computer networks is reachability. The needs of the modern Internet mainly include cost, performance, reliability, and security. However, even for experienced network engineers, it is very difficult to manually conFigure the network to meet the needs of the modern large-scale Internet. The engineers often make mistakes, which can cause network paralysis, resulting in incalculable losses. Due to the development of automatic reasoning technology, automatic verification of network configuration is used to avoid mistakes. Network verification is at least an NP-C problem, so it is necessary to compress the network to reduce the network scale, thereby reducing the network verification time. This paper proposes a new model of network modeling, which is more suitable for the verification of network configuration on common protocols (such as RIP, BGP). On the basis of the existing compression method, two compression rules are added to compress the modeled network, reducing network verification time and conducting network reachability verification experiments on common networks. The experimental results are slightly better than the current compression methods.
To explore how autophagy changes and whether autophagy is involved in the pathophysiological proc... more To explore how autophagy changes and whether autophagy is involved in the pathophysiological process of synaptic plasticity injury caused by microwave radiation, we established a 30 mW/cmmicrowave-exposure in vivo model, which caused reversible injuries in rat neurons. Microwave radiation induced cognitive impairment in rats and synaptic plasticity injury in rat hippocampal neurons. Autophagy in rat hippocampal neurons was activated following microwave exposure. Additionally, we observed that synaptic vesicles were encapsulated by autophagosomes, a phenomenon more evident in the microwave-exposed group. Colocation of autophagosomes and synaptic vesicles in rat hippocampal neurons increased following microwave exposure. microwave exposure led to the activation of autophagy in rat hippocampal neurons, and excessive activation of autophagy might damage synaptic plasticity by mediating synaptic vesicle degradation.
Conformational structures of lysozyme at the interfaces of hydrophilic polymer poly[2-(methacrylo... more Conformational structures of lysozyme at the interfaces of hydrophilic polymer poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide] (PMEDSAH), are examined to understand the role of protein-polymer interactions on the stability of lysozyme. This work underpins the effect of hydration layer on the structures of physically adsorbed lysozyme on PMEDSAH brushes. Hydrophilic nature and strength of hydration layers around brushes are controlled by varying the brush thickness and temperature. We measured that lysozyme is structurally less stable on 15 nm thick hydrophilic PMEDSAH brushes at 75 • C than at room temperature. To the contrary, 5-8 nm thick brushes stretch in hydrated state by heating, hence yield higher structural stability of lysozyme. These results suggest that short polyzwitterionic brushes can facilitate improved biomaterial interactions that are essential for biosensors performing at elevated temperatures.
Retaining the conformational structure and bioactivity of immobilized proteins is important for b... more Retaining the conformational structure and bioactivity of immobilized proteins is important for biosensor designs and drug delivery systems. Confined environments often lead to changes in conformation and functions of proteins. In this study, lysozyme is chemically tethered into nanopores of polystyrene thin films and sub-micron pores in poly(methyl methacrylate) films are functionalized with streptavidin. Nanoindentation experiments show that stiffness of streptavidin increases with decreasing sub-micron pore sizes. Lysozymes in polystyrene nanopores are found to behave stiffer than the sub-micron pore sizes and still retain their specific bioactivity relative to the proteins on flat surfaces. Our results show that protein functionalized ordered nanoporous polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) films present heterogeneous elasticity and can be used to study interactions between free proteins and designed surfaces.
29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering: Volume 5, Parts A and B, 2010
Large diameter integral steel flanges are widely used in many applications in the oil and gas ind... more Large diameter integral steel flanges are widely used in many applications in the oil and gas industry. The flanges of nominal pipe sizes, 26-inch and above with ring-joint gaskets as specified in ASME B 16.47 Standard, are used in the offshore applications for the transportation of oil and gas from production facilities. These pipelines require flanged connections at end terminations, mid-line tie-ins and expansion loops. The conventional design of large diameter steel flanges is based on one-dimensional analytical methods similar to the procedure in ASME VIII Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Division 1 Appendix 2. The effects of axial forces and bending moments are approximated by calculating an equivalent pressure. This usually results in conservative designs for the large flanges because it estimates the required stud pre-tension based on the assumption that the gasket will be unloaded entirely to a minimum stress, whereas only a small section of the gasket is subjected to low s...
International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 2012
To meet the needs for product variety, many companies are shifting from a mass production mode to... more To meet the needs for product variety, many companies are shifting from a mass production mode to mass customization, which demands quick response to the needs of individual customers with high quality and low costs. The multifunction nature of mechanical components necessitates designers to redesign them each time when a component's function change. The functional GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing) specification, also called functional tolerancing, must be updated for each component. Currently, this is done by human. This could be very time consuming and error prone. Functional tolerancing is one of the main obstacles to the practical mechanical product family modeling. In this paper, a graph-based functional tolerancing scheme in 3D CAD is proposed. In the scheme, a product is generated by applying production rules to the graph of the base product, following customers' or manufacturing engineers' requirements. Functional tolerancing of each component of a product in the family is formulated as a non-linear constrained optimization (or cost minimization) process. Certain critical aspects of the scheme have been implemented in SolidWorks ® , by using its API (Application Programming Interface) and C++. LEDA ® and MATLAB ® have been used to solve the graph and optimization problems.
The first purpose of this study was to develop a noninvasive clinical tool that could predict whe... more The first purpose of this study was to develop a noninvasive clinical tool that could predict whether the scapholunate interosseous ligament and other secondary stabilizing ligaments are injured in the presence of suspected scapholunate instability. The second purpose of this study was to determine which of those ligaments or ligament groups have been injured. Kinematic and threedimensional (3D) meaurements from 62 cadaver wrists moved in a wrist joint motion simulator were used to develop various neural network predictive models. One group of models was based on angular changes in scaphoid and lunate motion before and after ligament sectioning (representing scapholunate instability). A second group of models was based on changes in the minimum distance between the scaphoid and lunate as well as other 3D gap measurements. The models, based on the scaphoid and lunate angular data, could predict with a 93% accuracy rate whether the wrist ligaments were intact. These models could also predict whether it was the dorsal ligaments or the volar ligaments that were sectioned 84% of the time. The models worked best using data with the wrist in 10 to 30 degrees of wrist flexion. The viability of a CT-based predictive model has been demonstrated by obtaining high prediction rates, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa statistic values. Keywords scapholunate instability; neural networks model Scapholunate instability is the most common type of carpal instability, and typically is the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand. Frequently, the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL), as well as secondary stabilizing ligaments, are partially or fully torn, resulting in changes in the ways the scaphoid and lunate move. 1-3 The instability pattern between the scaphoid and lunate may cause pain and the inability to grasp tools or lift objects. 4 As noted by Garcia-Elias et al., 5 the adverse effects of the ligament tears are underestimated, and the injury is frequently untreated or poorly managed. Numerous surgical treatments have been
The objectives of this study were to (a). create 3D reconstructions of two carpal bones from sing... more The objectives of this study were to (a). create 3D reconstructions of two carpal bones from single CT data sets and animate these bones with experimental in vitro motion data collected during dynamic loading of the wrist joint, (b). develop a technique to calculate the minimum interbone distance between the two carpal bones, and (c). validate the interbone distance calculation process. This method utilized commercial software to create the animations and an in-house program to interface with three-dimensional CAD software to calculate the minimum distance between the irregular geometries of the bones. This interbone minimum distance provides quantitative information regarding the motion of the bones studied and may help to understand and quantify the effects of ligamentous injury.
The present study was conducted for developing a new method to reduce the tannins content of Xuan... more The present study was conducted for developing a new method to reduce the tannins content of Xuan Mugua fruits. Lactic acid bacteria fermentation-like incubation was explored as an efficient method to reduce the astringency of Mugua fruits by reducing tannins content. To ensure the efficient removal of tannins, the fermentation conditions were optimized such as temperature, time, and ratio of bacteria to Mugua. Bacteria were able to reduce 78% of the tannins content in Mugua under the optimized conditions as assessed by the methylcellulose perceptible tannins assay. Meanwhile, the active components including polysaccharides, triterpenes, and antioxidants of Mugua with bacterial incubation were also explored, which showed the significant decrease compared to non-fermented Mugua. However, the trend for flavor components was different. This research provides a natural method to solve the astringency problem of these fruits and it will extend their application in food industry.
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