In the book published by Umberto Eco in 2015 called as Numero Zero (Number Zero), on the basis of... more In the book published by Umberto Eco in 2015 called as Numero Zero (Number Zero), on the basis of the assumption that the newspapers are able to establish various perceptions to the public in a conscious way, he has examined what kind of interventions some popular newspaper bosses have realized for the purpose of increasing their efficiencies in the business world within the frame of a fiction. According to Eco; popular culture is not in a sudden and unexpected structure (at least from its appearance) as it is in the cultural understanding of the modernism. By also taking the likes and demands of the wide masses it desires to be expanded into consideration, it aims a consensus between the culture producers and the culture consumers. In this way, it provides an easier and faster acceptance of the messages it sends by the masses. However; the motivation of the culture producers has derived from the market economy. The aimed thing is " profit ". Popular newspapers inflict, transform and even make up the news in the cause of this profit. Eco handles by which methods the newspapers perform these destructions and reveals their tactics that direct the readers to certain assumptions with the quibbles. He tries to decipher the codes of the common popular perception delivered to the readers. According to Eco, " newspapers teach people how they should think; unfortunately, all we learn is fake and deformed ". Popular culture consists of a reference made by the fake that is replacing the truth to itself as mentioned in the simulation theory of Baudrillard, not a reality away from itself. Umberto Eco – popular culture– media – high culture – Number Zero " Newspapers teach people how they should think. " 1 Dr. Fatma Altınbaş Sarıgül, Kemerburgaz Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Bölümü Umberto Eco, Number Zero, s.84 " All we have learnt was fake and deformed. " Umberto Eco, Number Zero, s.146
The issue that the identities are acquired congenitally or created in the collective past has bee... more The issue that the identities are acquired congenitally or created in the collective past has been opened to debate in the last century. The challenge made to the fact that the identities have fixed " selves " , has argued that the identity is not a given structure. According to this view, identity is a constructed structure and this construction process is always in the construction phase. No identity can ever be completed. There is an endless transformation. The past, which was given reference by the identity, has a variable structure just like the identity itself. The accumulation of what has happened in the past, changes in accordance with the viewpoints of both those who narrate the past and those who try to conceive the past. Moreover, in the reconstruction of the identity and the past, man is not the sole authority. People are constantly open to the external influences during the construction of their identities. Thus, the identity is constructed in an individual and collective way. The emphasis in this study is on the fact that the identity is constructed with the effects created by the future expectations rather than the effects from the past. Since, both the identity and the past can be reconstructed today, the identity has no self and the identity is a variable. Future expectations decide on how the identity shall be reconstructed as much as the past. The identity is in the roots as well as towards the routes. The uncertainty of the identity is caused by the fact that it carries in itself the uncertainty of the future. Due to this reason, in identity policies and studies future plans of the people or the groups forming the identity should be examined as much as the past.
In the book published by Umberto Eco in 2015 called as Numero Zero (Number Zero), on the basis of... more In the book published by Umberto Eco in 2015 called as Numero Zero (Number Zero), on the basis of the assumption that the newspapers are able to establish various perceptions to the public in a conscious way, he has examined what kind of interventions some popular newspaper bosses have realized for the purpose of increasing their efficiencies in the business world within the frame of a fiction. According to Eco; popular culture is not in a sudden and unexpected structure (at least from its appearance) as it is in the cultural understanding of the modernism. By also taking the likes and demands of the wide masses it desires to be expanded into consideration, it aims a consensus between the culture producers and the culture consumers. In this way, it provides an easier and faster acceptance of the messages it sends by the masses. However; the motivation of the culture producers has derived from the market economy. The aimed thing is " profit ". Popular newspapers inflict, transform and even make up the news in the cause of this profit. Eco handles by which methods the newspapers perform these destructions and reveals their tactics that direct the readers to certain assumptions with the quibbles. He tries to decipher the codes of the common popular perception delivered to the readers. According to Eco, " newspapers teach people how they should think; unfortunately, all we learn is fake and deformed ". Popular culture consists of a reference made by the fake that is replacing the truth to itself as mentioned in the simulation theory of Baudrillard, not a reality away from itself. Umberto Eco – popular culture– media – high culture – Number Zero " Newspapers teach people how they should think. " 1 Dr. Fatma Altınbaş Sarıgül, Kemerburgaz Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Bölümü Umberto Eco, Number Zero, s.84 " All we have learnt was fake and deformed. " Umberto Eco, Number Zero, s.146
The issue that the identities are acquired congenitally or created in the collective past has bee... more The issue that the identities are acquired congenitally or created in the collective past has been opened to debate in the last century. The challenge made to the fact that the identities have fixed " selves " , has argued that the identity is not a given structure. According to this view, identity is a constructed structure and this construction process is always in the construction phase. No identity can ever be completed. There is an endless transformation. The past, which was given reference by the identity, has a variable structure just like the identity itself. The accumulation of what has happened in the past, changes in accordance with the viewpoints of both those who narrate the past and those who try to conceive the past. Moreover, in the reconstruction of the identity and the past, man is not the sole authority. People are constantly open to the external influences during the construction of their identities. Thus, the identity is constructed in an individual and collective way. The emphasis in this study is on the fact that the identity is constructed with the effects created by the future expectations rather than the effects from the past. Since, both the identity and the past can be reconstructed today, the identity has no self and the identity is a variable. Future expectations decide on how the identity shall be reconstructed as much as the past. The identity is in the roots as well as towards the routes. The uncertainty of the identity is caused by the fact that it carries in itself the uncertainty of the future. Due to this reason, in identity policies and studies future plans of the people or the groups forming the identity should be examined as much as the past.
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