Papers by ESHR [Epidemiology and Society Health Review]
ESHR, 2024
Background: Obesity is influenced by complex interactions between environmental, genetic, and beh... more Background: Obesity is influenced by complex interactions between environmental, genetic, and behavioural factors. This study aims to explore the relationship between these three factors and the incidence of childhood obesity. Method: A systematic literature review was used following PRISMA guidelines. The data were collected from three main databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, and Garuda. Screening was carried out from 89 articles found until 10 relevant articles were obtained for analysis. Results: The analysis shows that childhood obesity is influenced by genetic factors, behaviour (including eating habits and physical activity), and environment (such as access to healthy food and sports facilities). These three factors interact to increase the risk of obesity. Conclusion: This study emphasizes that obesity prevention requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves the roles of family, school, government, and community. Recommended efforts include improving access to nutritious food, education on healthy lifestyles, and creating an environment that supports physical activity. The findings provide important insights for designing more effective interventions to address obesity in primary school-aged children.
ESHR, 2024
Background: Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) is generally used to study hidden or hard-to-reach p... more Background: Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) is generally used to study hidden or hard-to-reach populations. The objective of the present work is to describe the initiation, implementation, and complications that arise during RDS of female sex workers (FSWs) around the world. Method: Behavioural and biological data of FSWs collected through RDS was mined from peer-reviewed articles, published during 2010-2022. Review protocol was developed and registered in the PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022346470) and published separately. Results: It was found that most of the RDS (69 articles, globally) were largely successful in the recruitment of FSWs, with varying response rates. Conclusion: Present outcomes supports the application of RDS in surveillance for any such population by providing a minimal set of parameters of testing procedures (methodology) including methods to evaluate the quality also.
ESHR , 2024
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition causing elevated blood glucose lev... more Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition causing elevated blood glucose levels, leading to microvascular and macrovascular consequences. It is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Diabetes causes diabetic nephropathy, which is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is a clinically used tool to evaluate albuminuria and prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy. ACR measurements are predictive markers for renal outcomes, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in diabetics. Microalbuminuria, a condition characterized by 30 to 300 mg/g in spot urine, is an independent predictor of coronary artery disease, cardiovascular disease, and allcause mortality. This systematic review aimed to understand the role of ACR (albumin creatinine ratio) urine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on the published article. Method: The systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and used databases ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Sage Journal to search for articles on urinary albumin creatinine ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The search used keyword, inclusion and exclusion criteria to screen the article. 10 articles met our criteria and were included in this research. Results: ACR (albumin creatinine ratio) levels are linked to cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and high UACR (urinary albumin creatinine ratio levels are linked to an increased risk of CKD (chronic kidney diseases). The patient's diabetes duration also impacts ACR levels. The KDI is a composite of eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) and ACR risk variables with a clear linear relationship with all three outcomes. It may aid in the identification of high-risk individuals who will benefit the most from prophylactic medications. Conclusion: Patients should be taught how better blood glucose and albuminuria control might help delay the progression of CKD. The male sex is protective; however, most female patients were postmenopausal with low estrogen levels, eliminating any potential renoprotective advantage. Dipsticks may be used for UACR testing, making it more convenient.
ESHR, 2024
Background: The issue of anemia continues to be a significant public health concern requiring att... more Background: The issue of anemia continues to be a significant public health concern requiring attention, particularly due to its increasing prevalence. In Sleman District, it has been observed that the prevalence of anemia among adolescents has significantly risen from 2016 to 2018. This phenomenon underscores the interconnectedness of nutritional status, reproductive health, and anemia, especially among adolescent girls. Adolescents, particularly girls, require sufficient nutritional intake to navigate the challenges associated with their physiological changes, particularly those related to the reproductive system. Nutritional status plays a crucial role in influencing reproductive system disorders, impacting menstrual irregularities, and closely intertwining with the occurrence of anemia among adolescent girls. This paper highlights the relationship between nutrition status, reproductive health knowledge, and anemia in adolescent girls in Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta Method: The study employed a cross-sectional method to explore data concerning nutritional status and reproductive health knowledge variables. The study was conducted on 108 female junior high school students aged 10-15 years in 3 schools in the Depok Sleman District. Sampling was done using accidental sampling. Data collection was carried out at the schools by measuring anthropometry (body weight, height, BMI), checking hemoglobin (Hb), and filling out questionnaires on knowledge and dietary patterns. Results: It was found that there was no significant relationship between nutritional status and anemia status in adolescents (p-value 0.75). Analysis of the relationship between knowledge related to reproductive health and anemia status also revealed no significant relationship (p-value 0.772). Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no significant relationship between nutrition status, knowledge related to reproductive health, and anemia status in adolescent girls. Although the results of this study did not show a significant relationship, the urgency for adolescents to maintain nutritional status and increase knowledge about anemia prevention remains important in the effort to prevent anemia. A comprehensive anemia prevention program needs to be implemented through collaboration among schools, health authorities, and the community.
ESHR, 2024
Background: Tuberculosis (TBC), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an infectious disease th... more Background: Tuberculosis (TBC), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an infectious disease that is still a global problem. Indonesia has a high burden of pulmonary tuberculosis and is ranked second in the world with the highest number of TBC sufferers after India. Tuberculosis is transmitted through infected droplets when coughing or sneezing, and close contact is very susceptible to the transmission process and other supporting factors. This study aims to determine the risk factors for TBC. Method: This study used a cross-sectional research design with Chi-Square analysis and continued with multivariate analysis and logistic Regression. The sample consisted of 430 respondents obtained using the Accidental Sampling technique. Results: Factors associated with TBC in the Kapanewon Depok area were age (RP: 2.086; 95% CI: 1.247-3.490; p= 0.006), gender (RP: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.302-3.393; p= 0.003), family income (RP: 3.593; 95% CI: 2.322-5.560; p= 0.000), history of household contact (RP: 8.438; 95% CI: 5.737-12.410; p= 0.000), and history of close contact (RP: 3.881; 95% CI: 2.49-6.051; p= 0.000). The factor that has the most influence on the incidence of TBC is a history of household contact with a value of Exp(B)=17.699. Conclusion: Risk factors for pulmonary TBC in the Kapanewon Depok area are age, gender, family income, history of household contact, and history of close contact. A relationship, namely the history of household contact, has the most influence on the incidence of TBC in the Kapanewon Depok area.
Suicide is an incident that is a severe problem in society which is currently widespread. Suicide... more Suicide is an incident that is a severe problem in society which is currently widespread. Suicide is the act of ending one's own life by using several techniques, such as hanging, making an incision in a blood vessel, or crashing into a moving vehicle such as a train or motorbike. Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), as many as 703,000 people committed suicide, with variations in suicide rates in various countries between 2 and 80 suicide deaths per 100,000 population. Men have a suicide rate that is up to 2.3 times higher than women. The majority of deaths due to suicide are more significant in low-and middleincome countries (LMICs), up to more than 70%.
Background: A hospital is a health service facility that provides outpatient and inpatient patien... more Background: A hospital is a health service facility that provides outpatient and inpatient patient services. Hospitals can also be a source of infection for officers, patients, and other visitors. To prevent nosocomial infections in officers, hospitals must protect all health workers, for example, by wearing gloves, masks, gowns, face shields, shoes, and aprons. Compliance with PPE on health workers is supported by a positive attitude from officers and supervision carried out by management. This study aims to determine factors related to compliance with use among nurses. Method: This was quantitative research using correlation with the cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was 130 permanent nurses. The sample was calculated using the Slovin formula, resulting in 100 samples. The respondent was selected via proportional random sampling among the care units. Chi-Square was used to analyze the data. Results: There was a relationship between PPE compliance and age (p=0.005), attitude (p=0.000), and supervision (p=0.016). Meanwhile, factors that were not related to PPE compliance were gender (p=1.000), education (p=0.054), knowledge (p=0.170), facilities (p=0.505), and training (p=0.811). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between age, attitude supervision, and compliance with PPE in nurses when performing their duties.
Background: Community diagnosis is an activity to identify problems by collecting data in the com... more Background: Community diagnosis is an activity to identify problems by collecting data in the community that can locate broad issues and cover various aspects of society. The emergence of health problems is not only caused by individual negligence but can also be caused by community ignorance due to a lack of correct information about a disease. The purpose of this study is to obtain an overview of the health problems in Tegaltandan hamlet, Banguntapan sub-district to determine problem priorities and obtain appropriate alternative solutions to overcome the priority problems that have been resolved. Method: This study used descriptive quantitative analysis by conducting interviews using a community diagnosis questionnaire. The analysis was used to prioritize health problems using the USG method and village community meetings. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with 132 samples obtained. Results: Ten major health problems in the research area that need attention are no organic trash collection center covered in homes, using spray-repellent, not used to wearing a helmet during riding, not sprinkling larvacide powder on the washed water dump as dengue prevention, not applying repellents as dengue prevention not using gloves while chopping ingredients with a knife for cooking, no props when moving heavy objects, not taking care of fish larvae eaters, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. After prioritizing using USG and village community meetings, they all agreed to decide diabetes mellitus as the main health problem in this area. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus was considered a major problem at the study site that requires further intervention.
Background: Community diagnosis is an activity to identify problems by collecting data in the com... more Background: Community diagnosis is an activity to identify problems by collecting data in the community that can locate broad issues and cover various aspects of society. The emergence of health problems is not only caused by individual negligence but can also be caused by community ignorance due to a lack of correct information about a disease. The purpose of this study is to obtain an overview of the health problems in Tegaltandan hamlet, Banguntapan sub-district to determine problem priorities and obtain appropriate alternative solutions to overcome the priority problems that have been resolved. Method: This study used descriptive quantitative analysis by conducting interviews using a community diagnosis questionnaire. The analysis was used to prioritize health problems using the USG method and village community meetings. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with 132 samples obtained. Results: Ten major health problems in the research area that need attention are no organic trash collection center covered in homes, using spray-repellent, not used to wearing a helmet during riding, not sprinkling larvacide powder on the washed water dump as dengue prevention, not applying repellents as dengue prevention not using gloves while chopping ingredients with a knife for cooking, no props when moving heavy objects, not taking care of fish larvae eaters, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. After prioritizing using USG and village community meetings, they all agreed to decide diabetes mellitus as the main health problem in this area. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus was considered a major problem at the study site that requires further intervention.
Background: Hospitals, as providers of health services for the community, must be able to maintai... more Background: Hospitals, as providers of health services for the community, must be able to maintain the quality of services provided, one of which is by providing safety and comfort guarantees to officers from infectious diseases and other hazardous substances with policies regarding the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and conducting evaluations from the behavior of officers when using PPE. Many factors affect the compliance of officers in the use of PPE. This research analyzed the factors influencing officers' compliance with PPE. Method: This study used a literature review method. Articles were collected from the online database of Pubmed, Sage, and SpingerOpen from 2012 to 2023. Using the keywords "compliance," "health workers," and "personal protection equipment." Two hundred thirtyeight articles were obtained and filtered based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 16 articles were included in the analysis. Results: Internal factors that affect the compliance of officers in the use of PPE include age, years of service, knowledge, attitudes, and motivation, while external factors that influence compliance are facilities, training, and supervision carried out by management Conclusion: To increase officer compliance, it is necessary to have supervision and support from management, such as facilities, ease of access, and conducting training.
Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteria Leptospira sp. The inciden... more Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteria Leptospira sp. The incidence of Leptospirosis ranges from 0.1 to 10 per 100,000 per year globally. GIS is a tool to visualize data that considers effectiveness and efficiency when determining the priority areas of particular disease control. Method: This systematic review was based on some databases, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the BASE, for articles published from 2010 to 2020. PRISMA guideline was used during data screening. Results: Eight articles were reviewed that showed a pattern of distribution of cases of Leptospirosis: clustered, evenly, and randomly. We also found 15 environmental factors that influence Leptospirosis distribution: the existence of the river, precipitation, sunshine, a history of the flood, the existence of the gutter, the condition of the garbage disposal, the existence of rice fields, the presence of vegetation, trap success, the existence of the road, the ownership of the pet, the presence of rats, altitudes, and land-use. Conclusion: 15 identified environmental risk factors influence the incidence of Leptospirosis, namely the existence of rivers, history of flooding, the existence of gutters, waste disposal conditions, rainfall, the existence of rice fields, population density, the existence of vegetation, the success of traps, the existence of ponds, the existence of roads, livestock ownership, presence of rats, altitude, and land use.
Characteristics of mothers and stunting toddlers in Pekuncen Village, Wiradesa, Pekalongan, Indonesia, 2020
Background: Stunting is the condition of short stature due to abnormal growth caused by a severe ... more Background: Stunting is the condition of short stature due to abnormal growth caused by a severe malnutrition problem that needs attention. Stunting can cause health problems, decrease productivity, and trigger poverty in the future. This study aims to determine the characteristics of mothers and stunting toddlers in Pekuncen village Wiradesa Pekalongan District, Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: The study was conducted in Pekuncen village in the Wiradesa subdistrict of the Pekalongan District. The retrospective design was used in this study. Respondent was recruited using total sampling techniques. A set of questionnaires was employed to collect the data among 35 respondents, which is the mothers of stunting toddler. Results: The results showed most of the respondents (82.7%) hold basic education level. 77.1% of respondents have family income < regional minimum salary of Pekalongan District. More than half of respondents (68.6%) have less nutrition knowledge. No mothers have good nutrition knowledge. Less than half (42.9%) provide parenting democratic type of feeding, and there are still 14.3% of mothers giving the neglect parenting feeding type. While the characteristics of stunting toddlers are 68.6% female, 37.1% aged 3-4 years, 28.6% aged 1-3 years, 42.9% do not get exclusive breastfeeding, and 88.6% have a history of normal born weight. Conclusions: Stunting toddler in Pekuncen village Wiradesa, Pekalongan was associated with a parent who has elementary education, family income less than the Regional Minimum Salary. Most of them have less nutrition knowledge level, and almost half of them provide parenting with the democratic type of feeding. While the characteristics of stunting toddlers were the majority of women, and nearly half do not get exclusive breastfeeding, and most have a normal birth weight history. We suggest that related parties should collaborate to reduce stunting prevalence based on the characteristics of mothers and stunting toddlers.
The different mental health patient quality of life during shackling, treatment, and post treatment, 2020
Background: Mental health is a well-being mental state associated with happiness, joy, satisfacti... more Background: Mental health is a well-being mental state associated with happiness, joy, satisfaction, achievement, optimism, and hope. Good mental health allows a harmonious and productive life as an integral part of one's quality of life by taking into account all aspects of human life. This study aims to assess the different quality of life among mental health disorder patients during shackling, treatment, and post-treatment in Sukoharjo Regency. Methods: Quantitative descriptive was used in this study. Our population was all mental disorder patient in Sukoharjo District who has experienced with shackling and finished the treatment in the RSJD "dr Arif Zainudin," Surakarta during 2011-2015. We took total sampling and excluded patients who died, move to another place, and recover. Thirty out of thirty-four post-shackling patients in the Sukoharjo Regency participated in this study. A tested questionnaire was used to collect the data from the patient. The analysis was performed using univariate analysis-central tendency value analysis. Results: We found differences in patients' quality of life during shackling, treatment, and posttreatment. The survivor had the highest quality of life in the post-treatment phase compared to the shackled and treatment period. Conclusions: The quality of life of post-treatment patients is better compared during shackled and treatment.
Correlations between mother's knowledge level of exclusive breastfeeding and the pattern in the 6-month child in Posyandu of Jatimulyo Village, Petanahan Sub-District, Kebumen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, 2020
Background: Globally, the infant mortality rate (IMR) is still extremely high. One of the efforts... more Background: Globally, the infant mortality rate (IMR) is still extremely high. One of the efforts to improve children's health is exclusive breastfeeding for six months. Exclusive breastfeeding can reduce infant mortality rate caused by various infectious diseases. Thus, the community, especially mothers need to have proper knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding, and then they are expected to practice it. This study aims to determine the relationship between mothers' knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding and the breastfeeding patterns of 6-month children in Jatimulyo Village,
Health education to improve the compliance of low salt diets in patients with hypertension, 2020
Background: The level of knowledge of hypertensive people can influence obedience in running a lo... more Background: The level of knowledge of hypertensive people can influence obedience in running a low-salt diet. Low levels of public awareness about low-salt diets can be at risk of complications due to hypertension and death. Health education activities in this community aim to increase the understanding of patients with hypertension on the importance of low-salt diets to improve adherence to the exercise of the diet Methods: Educational methods used in the form of teaches and demonstrations in groups of people with hypertension in Drono village, Ngawen Sub-District, Klaten Regency. Results: Knowledge of the hypertension diet increased between before and after educational activities. Success demonstrated with increased knowledge scores before educational activities of 3.46 and after education score rose to 85.02. Conclusions: Devotion to the community in health education provides increased knowledge in the group of hypertension sufferers. This activity is expected to continue, programmatic, and developed with specialized training in cadres to improve the degree of public health.
Epidemiology of Dengue in Jetis Public Health Centre, Yogyakarta 2013-2016, 2020
Background: Dengue disease is found in tropical and subtropical climates worldwide, especially in... more Background: Dengue disease is found in tropical and subtropical climates worldwide, especially in urban and semi-urban areas. Of 70% of actual cases exist in Asia. The incidence of DHF in Indonesia during 2018 amounted to 24.73 per 100,000 inhabitants. Yogyakarta City is one of the dengue susceptible areas that receive serious attention from the health authorities. Jetis Public Health Centres is one of the PHC in Yogyakarta with high dengue incidence with one mortality. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of dengue cases based on time, place, people, observe dengue trend, and assess the larva free rate target's achievement. Methods: This research was descriptive quantitative using secondary data obtained from Jetis Primary Health Centre's health information system, Yogyakarta. Dengue data year 2013-2016 was analysed using descriptive epidemiology (time, place, and people) to show the dengue trend. Last, the larva free rate was compared between targets and achievements. Results: In 2016, the dengue case increased from 81 to 104 in 2014 with one mortality. Out of 104 cases, 37 cases occurred in the Bumijo village, 33 cases in Cokrodiningratan village, 34 cases in Gowongan village. 85.58% of DHF cases occur at age ≥ five years, and 57.69% happen in women. The achievement of larvae free rate was 67.73% and had not reached the determined target. There was a tendency for an increase in dengue cases from May to June during the observed year. Conclusions: 2016 was the peak of dengue cases during 2013-2016. Women and people aged more-equal to five years were the most infected group. Most of the cases were found in Bumijo village. Larva's free rate in Jetis was not achieving the target. June was the peak of the case in 2016.
Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) Services on HIV/AIDS in Private Hospital of Yogyakarta, 2020
Background: Data Yogyakarta AIDS Commission in 2016 stated the total number of people living with... more Background: Data Yogyakarta AIDS Commission in 2016 stated the total number of people living with HIV/AIDS was 4,648 cases consisting of 3,334 HIV cases and 1,314 AIDS cases. Based on the data of PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Yogyakarta, in October 2016 to October 2017, there were 35 patients with HIV / AIDS. Regulations carried out for any action in the hospital must be following standard operating procedures (SOP), including program counseling and testing of HIV/AIDS or Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT). This program is the gateway for the community to gain access to all HIV/AIDS services. This study aimed to explore the implementation of VCT services on HIV/AIDS at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Yogyakarta. Methods: Descriptive qualitative using an observational approach was used in this study to describe the implementation of Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) on HIV/AIDS. As many as ten informants were interviewed, namely: 1 head of VCT services in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, 3 VCT counselors, 1 laboratory staff and 5 clients. They were selected using purposive sampling refers to inclusion criteria. Results: Implementation of pre-test counseling, testing, and post-test had been good. Improper service was identified in the number of counselors and waiting time for the VCT test results. Conclusions: Implementation of VCT at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta is running well and follow the SOPs.
Traveler's Knowledge and Attitudes to Access Tourism Health Centre at Gunungkidul: Case Study at Indrayanti Beach, 2020
Background: Indrayanti beach located at Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta. The number of tourists ... more Background: Indrayanti beach located at Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta. The number of tourists visited this beach has increased each year, meaning that it increases the health risks for the tourist and people involved such as infectious diseases, blisters, lost, injured by objects or marine animals, seawater irritation. However, according to the previous study, a traveler who is accessing the Tourism Health Centre is low. This research aimed to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitude of the travelers in Indrayanti Beach to the traveler's access to the Tourism Health Centre. Method: Quantitative analytical approach with a cross-sectional study design was applied in this study. Of 106 travelers was participate in this study that was recruited through accidental sampling. A tested questionnaire contained knowledge, and attitude was asked to the Indrayanti visitor. A Chi-square test was used to analyze the result. Results: There is a significant association between knowledge level (p=0.027) and attitude (p = 0.000) to the willingness to access the Tourism Health Centre. Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude are the primary aspects of the willingness to access the Tourism Health Centre.
Comparative Analysis the Coverages of Filariasis Mass Prevention Drug (POPM) in Central Java Year 2018: Case Study in Grobogan, Semarang, and Wonosobo, 2020
Background: Filariasis is a disease caused by filarial worms and transmitted by mosquitoes that c... more Background: Filariasis is a disease caused by filarial worms and transmitted by mosquitoes that contain filarial worms. Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Masal (POPM) filariasis or Mass Prevention Drug is a program aimed to reduce the number of filariasis. The Survey of POPM in Grobogan, Semarang, and Wonosobo, shows there are different coverages of 65% and 85%. The purpose of this study is to compare the survey coverage of POPM filariasis. Seek the reason not to participate, and the characteristics of the respondents who did not take filariasis medicine in Grobogan, Semarang, and Wonosobo. Methods: Descriptive quantitative study was used in this study by collecting secondary data of POPM survey coverage in Grobogan, Semarang, and Wonosobo year 2018. Descriptive and comparative analysis was applied to respondent characteristics, filaria POPM coverage, and elaborate the unconformity to the filaria medication. Results: Grobogan coverage is low compared to Semarang and Wonosobo. The respondent said about traveling, don't know, and age as the reason to not take the filariasis medication. Conclusions: Among the three districts, Grobogan is the district with low filariasis medication coverage compared to Semarang and Wonosobo.
Epidemiology of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Semanu II Primary Health Centre, Gunungkidul from January-June 2019, 2020
Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a public health problem in Indonesia. The dengue vi... more Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a public health problem in Indonesia. The dengue virus causes the disease through mosquito Aedes aegypti bite.
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Papers by ESHR [Epidemiology and Society Health Review]