Over the centuries, humans have developed different systems to protect surfaces from the influenc... more Over the centuries, humans have developed different systems to protect surfaces from the influence of environmental factors. Protective paints are the most used ones. They have undergone considerable development over the years, especially at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Indeed, between the two centuries, new binders and pigments have been introduced in the constituent materials of paints. The years in which these compounds have been introduced and spread in the paint market allow them to be defined as markers for the dating of paints and painted artifacts. The present work is focused on the study of the paints of two vehicles of the Frankfurt Museum of Communication, i.e., a carriage and a cart, that was designed for the German Postal and Telecommunications Service roughly between 1880 and 1920. The characterization of the paints was performed through in situ non-invasive techniques, i.e., portable optical microscopy and multispectral imaging, and laboratory non-destruct...
... AN OPERATION PROTOCOL GEGigante 1* , D. Artioli 2 , D. Ferro 1 , N.Gabrielli 3 , ... The 1 9t... more ... AN OPERATION PROTOCOL GEGigante 1* , D. Artioli 2 , D. Ferro 1 , N.Gabrielli 3 , ... The 1 9th International Conference on NDT of Art, Jerusalem Israel, 25-30 May 2008 For more papers of this publication click: www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?MainSource=65 Page 2. ...
Films of VC and NbC of about 200 nm thickness were electron beam deposited on the sandblasted sur... more Films of VC and NbC of about 200 nm thickness were electron beam deposited on the sandblasted surface of metallic Ti substrates, preheated at 350 and 500 °C, to improve the surface hardness of Ti implants intended for application in orthopaedics. According to both standard angular-dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements and rocking curve analysis performed by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction, the films were found
ABSTRACT The morphological evolution of as-grown poly(phenylacetylene) (PPA) free standing films ... more ABSTRACT The morphological evolution of as-grown poly(phenylacetylene) (PPA) free standing films has been studied. Investigations performed by scanning electron microscopy show that the freshly prepared PPA films exhibit a glass-like morphology which subsequently evolves into a microsphere structure. After ageing for 3 months at room temperature, PPA films reach a stable enamel-like phase. The chemical structure of the Rh(I) catalysts does not appear to influence the morphology of PPA. However, different catalysts yield different rates of morphological evolution.
ABSTRACT The gaseous phase produced by laser ablation of a molybdenum silicide target has been an... more ABSTRACT The gaseous phase produced by laser ablation of a molybdenum silicide target has been analysed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, emission spectroscopy and fast imaging performed by an ICCD camera, in order to obtain informations about the mechanisms involved in the laser deposition of MoSi2 thin films. During laser ablation, the emission spectra indicate a target temperature of about 7200 K, while the mass spectra evidence the presence of clusters corresponding to the formula (MoSi2)n with n up to 2. The results suggest that the possibility to deposit stoichiometric thin films is related to the composition of the plasma and, in particular to the presence of cluster with the right silicon molybdenum ratio. The presence of a large amount of clusters could be due to reactions in the plasma.
LaTiO 3Àx N x films with high nitrogen contents (x % 0.4-0.8) have been grown on (0 0 1)-oriented... more LaTiO 3Àx N x films with high nitrogen contents (x % 0.4-0.8) have been grown on (0 0 1)-oriented MgO and LaAlO 3 substrates by pulsed reactive crossed-beam laser ablation from a La 2 Ti 2 O 7 target in a one-step process. These films have a perovskite-type structure, similar to bulk polycrystalline LaTiO 2 N. The nitrogen content in the films can be changed by selecting the nitriding source, i.e. NH 3 or N 2 gas pulse, and by varying the substrate temperature. Films deposited on MgO show a preferential (0 0 1) and (1 1 2) orientation, whereas films on LaAlO 3 are predominantly (0 0 1) oriented. N(2p) orbitals contribute to the top of the valence band, leading to a considerable decrease in the band gap energy from $4.0 eV for the parent LaTiO 3.5 to $2.4-2.9 eV for LaTiO 3Àx N x (x % 0.4-0.8) films. This results in a strong visible light absorption at wavelengths below $500 nm. The band gap energies in LaTiO 3Àx N x films decrease with increasing nitrogen content. The values of the band gap energies for LaTiO 3Àx N x as a function of the N content agree well with other titanate-based perovskite-type oxynitrides, which confirms the proposed band gap model.
A study of the laser ablation and deposition, on Ti6Al4V substrates, of a biological active glass... more A study of the laser ablation and deposition, on Ti6Al4V substrates, of a biological active glass (Bioglass 1 45S5) is reported. The gaseous phase composition has been determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, optical imaging and emission spectroscopy. The deposited ®lms were studied by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy and wavelength dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction. The adhesion of ®lms to the substrates has been studied by scratch tests. Moreover, after exposing the coatings to a simulating body¯uid solution, their bioactivity has been monitored by X-ray diffraction analysis of the hydroxylapatite growth. This procedure has been followed for different time scales up to a maximum of 24 days. The deposition mechanism seems to be related mainly to the mechanical transport of the target material in form of droplets, while the gaseous phase, having a very different composition, plays a marginal role. The overall ®lm retains the target stoichiometry and bioactivity in a large range of experimental conditions.
The gaseous phase of laser ablated TiC target has been analyzed by time of flight mass spectromet... more The gaseous phase of laser ablated TiC target has been analyzed by time of flight mass spectrometry and optical emission spectroscopy. Various molecular clusters TinCm, with n ranging from 1 to 4 and m from 1 to 5, are observed and the excited atoms emission spectrum is determined, together with the electronic temperature of the plume. The angular distribution of
A multi-analytical approach for the identification of technological processes in ancient jeweller... more A multi-analytical approach for the identification of technological processes in ancient jewellery Avertissement Le contenu de ce site relève de la législation française sur la propriété intellectuelle et est la propriété exclusive de l'éditeur. Les œuvres figurant sur ce site peuvent être consultées et reproduites sur un support papier ou numérique sous réserve qu'elles soient strictement réservées à un usage soit personnel, soit scientifique ou pédagogique excluant toute exploitation commerciale. La reproduction devra obligatoirement mentionner l'éditeur, le nom de la revue, l'auteur et la référence du document. Toute autre reproduction est interdite sauf accord préalable de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France.
Since its first appearance, the jewel is not a mere expression of vanity and seduction, but it is... more Since its first appearance, the jewel is not a mere expression of vanity and seduction, but it is associated with the decorative function with a multitude of meanings that transform it to all effects into a complex and fascinating communication code [1]. The jewel is a perfect combination of nature, technique and individual creativity that interprets the collective sensibility in the various eras. If we then join up it to its being made of precious metals, it becomes the most advantageous and profitable object of forgery [2]. The fakes and counterfeiters began at much the same time and flourished ever since. Most of the early productions are not very convincing, either stylistically or technically, this was due to a general lack of detailed stylistic information and an almost total ignorance of ancient technology. Until the middle of the last century there was no real science applied to the study of cultural heritage and the falsification or counterfeiting could be unmasked only by ...
Two small orientalising spirals (Rome, 10th-9th century BC)common objects – precious jewels Avert... more Two small orientalising spirals (Rome, 10th-9th century BC)common objects – precious jewels Avertissement Le contenu de ce site relève de la législation française sur la propriété intellectuelle et est la propriété exclusive de l'éditeur. Les œuvres figurant sur ce site peuvent être consultées et reproduites sur un support papier ou numérique sous réserve qu'elles soient strictement réservées à un usage soit personnel, soit scientifique ou pédagogique excluant toute exploitation commerciale. La reproduction devra obligatoirement mentionner l'éditeur, le nom de la revue, l'auteur et la référence du document. Toute autre reproduction est interdite sauf accord préalable de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Revues.org est un portail de revues en sciences humaines et sociales développé par le Cléo, Centre pour l'édition
The compositional and structural characterization of the constituent alloys of precious metal art... more The compositional and structural characterization of the constituent alloys of precious metal artefacts is the basis for understanding the technological processes used in the art of the ancient goldsmiths. This research presents a multi-analytical approach to the study of the technologies of ancient jewellery manufacturing through the use of non-traditional methods. The development of original methods, such as the application of hardware devices and software programs, allows us to overcome the application limits of traditional analysis, as in the study of Castellani’s earrings, where statistical analyses were carried out using Pearson’s Coefficient Correlation and Cluster Analysis to identify the correlation of elements in the soldering areas. For the Tarquinia fibula, a methodology based on Imaging Analysis has been used to measure the geometrical parameters involved in the construction of the jewel. For another study, a new experimental apparatus was set up in order to identify ma...
Over the centuries, humans have developed different systems to protect surfaces from the influenc... more Over the centuries, humans have developed different systems to protect surfaces from the influence of environmental factors. Protective paints are the most used ones. They have undergone considerable development over the years, especially at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Indeed, between the two centuries, new binders and pigments have been introduced in the constituent materials of paints. The years in which these compounds have been introduced and spread in the paint market allow them to be defined as markers for the dating of paints and painted artifacts. The present work is focused on the study of the paints of two vehicles of the Frankfurt Museum of Communication, i.e., a carriage and a cart, that was designed for the German Postal and Telecommunications Service roughly between 1880 and 1920. The characterization of the paints was performed through in situ non-invasive techniques, i.e., portable optical microscopy and multispectral imaging, and laboratory non-destruct...
... AN OPERATION PROTOCOL GEGigante 1* , D. Artioli 2 , D. Ferro 1 , N.Gabrielli 3 , ... The 1 9t... more ... AN OPERATION PROTOCOL GEGigante 1* , D. Artioli 2 , D. Ferro 1 , N.Gabrielli 3 , ... The 1 9th International Conference on NDT of Art, Jerusalem Israel, 25-30 May 2008 For more papers of this publication click: www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?MainSource=65 Page 2. ...
Films of VC and NbC of about 200 nm thickness were electron beam deposited on the sandblasted sur... more Films of VC and NbC of about 200 nm thickness were electron beam deposited on the sandblasted surface of metallic Ti substrates, preheated at 350 and 500 °C, to improve the surface hardness of Ti implants intended for application in orthopaedics. According to both standard angular-dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements and rocking curve analysis performed by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction, the films were found
ABSTRACT The morphological evolution of as-grown poly(phenylacetylene) (PPA) free standing films ... more ABSTRACT The morphological evolution of as-grown poly(phenylacetylene) (PPA) free standing films has been studied. Investigations performed by scanning electron microscopy show that the freshly prepared PPA films exhibit a glass-like morphology which subsequently evolves into a microsphere structure. After ageing for 3 months at room temperature, PPA films reach a stable enamel-like phase. The chemical structure of the Rh(I) catalysts does not appear to influence the morphology of PPA. However, different catalysts yield different rates of morphological evolution.
ABSTRACT The gaseous phase produced by laser ablation of a molybdenum silicide target has been an... more ABSTRACT The gaseous phase produced by laser ablation of a molybdenum silicide target has been analysed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, emission spectroscopy and fast imaging performed by an ICCD camera, in order to obtain informations about the mechanisms involved in the laser deposition of MoSi2 thin films. During laser ablation, the emission spectra indicate a target temperature of about 7200 K, while the mass spectra evidence the presence of clusters corresponding to the formula (MoSi2)n with n up to 2. The results suggest that the possibility to deposit stoichiometric thin films is related to the composition of the plasma and, in particular to the presence of cluster with the right silicon molybdenum ratio. The presence of a large amount of clusters could be due to reactions in the plasma.
LaTiO 3Àx N x films with high nitrogen contents (x % 0.4-0.8) have been grown on (0 0 1)-oriented... more LaTiO 3Àx N x films with high nitrogen contents (x % 0.4-0.8) have been grown on (0 0 1)-oriented MgO and LaAlO 3 substrates by pulsed reactive crossed-beam laser ablation from a La 2 Ti 2 O 7 target in a one-step process. These films have a perovskite-type structure, similar to bulk polycrystalline LaTiO 2 N. The nitrogen content in the films can be changed by selecting the nitriding source, i.e. NH 3 or N 2 gas pulse, and by varying the substrate temperature. Films deposited on MgO show a preferential (0 0 1) and (1 1 2) orientation, whereas films on LaAlO 3 are predominantly (0 0 1) oriented. N(2p) orbitals contribute to the top of the valence band, leading to a considerable decrease in the band gap energy from $4.0 eV for the parent LaTiO 3.5 to $2.4-2.9 eV for LaTiO 3Àx N x (x % 0.4-0.8) films. This results in a strong visible light absorption at wavelengths below $500 nm. The band gap energies in LaTiO 3Àx N x films decrease with increasing nitrogen content. The values of the band gap energies for LaTiO 3Àx N x as a function of the N content agree well with other titanate-based perovskite-type oxynitrides, which confirms the proposed band gap model.
A study of the laser ablation and deposition, on Ti6Al4V substrates, of a biological active glass... more A study of the laser ablation and deposition, on Ti6Al4V substrates, of a biological active glass (Bioglass 1 45S5) is reported. The gaseous phase composition has been determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, optical imaging and emission spectroscopy. The deposited ®lms were studied by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy and wavelength dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction. The adhesion of ®lms to the substrates has been studied by scratch tests. Moreover, after exposing the coatings to a simulating body¯uid solution, their bioactivity has been monitored by X-ray diffraction analysis of the hydroxylapatite growth. This procedure has been followed for different time scales up to a maximum of 24 days. The deposition mechanism seems to be related mainly to the mechanical transport of the target material in form of droplets, while the gaseous phase, having a very different composition, plays a marginal role. The overall ®lm retains the target stoichiometry and bioactivity in a large range of experimental conditions.
The gaseous phase of laser ablated TiC target has been analyzed by time of flight mass spectromet... more The gaseous phase of laser ablated TiC target has been analyzed by time of flight mass spectrometry and optical emission spectroscopy. Various molecular clusters TinCm, with n ranging from 1 to 4 and m from 1 to 5, are observed and the excited atoms emission spectrum is determined, together with the electronic temperature of the plume. The angular distribution of
A multi-analytical approach for the identification of technological processes in ancient jeweller... more A multi-analytical approach for the identification of technological processes in ancient jewellery Avertissement Le contenu de ce site relève de la législation française sur la propriété intellectuelle et est la propriété exclusive de l'éditeur. Les œuvres figurant sur ce site peuvent être consultées et reproduites sur un support papier ou numérique sous réserve qu'elles soient strictement réservées à un usage soit personnel, soit scientifique ou pédagogique excluant toute exploitation commerciale. La reproduction devra obligatoirement mentionner l'éditeur, le nom de la revue, l'auteur et la référence du document. Toute autre reproduction est interdite sauf accord préalable de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France.
Since its first appearance, the jewel is not a mere expression of vanity and seduction, but it is... more Since its first appearance, the jewel is not a mere expression of vanity and seduction, but it is associated with the decorative function with a multitude of meanings that transform it to all effects into a complex and fascinating communication code [1]. The jewel is a perfect combination of nature, technique and individual creativity that interprets the collective sensibility in the various eras. If we then join up it to its being made of precious metals, it becomes the most advantageous and profitable object of forgery [2]. The fakes and counterfeiters began at much the same time and flourished ever since. Most of the early productions are not very convincing, either stylistically or technically, this was due to a general lack of detailed stylistic information and an almost total ignorance of ancient technology. Until the middle of the last century there was no real science applied to the study of cultural heritage and the falsification or counterfeiting could be unmasked only by ...
Two small orientalising spirals (Rome, 10th-9th century BC)common objects – precious jewels Avert... more Two small orientalising spirals (Rome, 10th-9th century BC)common objects – precious jewels Avertissement Le contenu de ce site relève de la législation française sur la propriété intellectuelle et est la propriété exclusive de l'éditeur. Les œuvres figurant sur ce site peuvent être consultées et reproduites sur un support papier ou numérique sous réserve qu'elles soient strictement réservées à un usage soit personnel, soit scientifique ou pédagogique excluant toute exploitation commerciale. La reproduction devra obligatoirement mentionner l'éditeur, le nom de la revue, l'auteur et la référence du document. Toute autre reproduction est interdite sauf accord préalable de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Revues.org est un portail de revues en sciences humaines et sociales développé par le Cléo, Centre pour l'édition
The compositional and structural characterization of the constituent alloys of precious metal art... more The compositional and structural characterization of the constituent alloys of precious metal artefacts is the basis for understanding the technological processes used in the art of the ancient goldsmiths. This research presents a multi-analytical approach to the study of the technologies of ancient jewellery manufacturing through the use of non-traditional methods. The development of original methods, such as the application of hardware devices and software programs, allows us to overcome the application limits of traditional analysis, as in the study of Castellani’s earrings, where statistical analyses were carried out using Pearson’s Coefficient Correlation and Cluster Analysis to identify the correlation of elements in the soldering areas. For the Tarquinia fibula, a methodology based on Imaging Analysis has been used to measure the geometrical parameters involved in the construction of the jewel. For another study, a new experimental apparatus was set up in order to identify ma...
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