Local ecological knowledge (LEK) offers a broad range of information that conservationists, devel... more Local ecological knowledge (LEK) offers a broad range of information that conservationists, development practitioners, non-governmental organizations, and researchers value greatly. However, LEK has an intrinsic value to its holders; it represents their capacity to adapt and survive in remote areas, while anchoring their cultural continuity within a specific ecological region. The authors set out to describe in this essay the ethnobotanical knowledge of sarrapia (Dipteryx odorata [Aubl.] Willd.) or tonka bean among the inhabitants of three non-indigenous communities of the Lower Caura River Basin, southern Venezuela. The results of this study suggest that there is a strong association between the livelihood of the Caura's residents and the consecutive annual cycle of this species. This association is demonstrated by how the locals: 1. make interconnections between the biological cycle of sarrapia and climatic and ecological variables; 2. discriminate between wild and cultivated sarrapia tree stands; 3. provide accurate estimates on the total production of sarrapia beans per tree stand every year; 4. implement the appropriate skills throughout the delicate process of extracting and treating the beans; and 5. regulate the access and usufruct rights to the wild and cultivated sarrapia trees.
El propósito de este artículo es desmitificar el mestizaje a partir de una desconstrucción y reco... more El propósito de este artículo es desmitificar el mestizaje a partir de una desconstrucción y reconstrucción epistemológica de este fenómeno en su aspecto biológico y cultural. Este objetivo es importante porque considero que los significados que subyacen en el mestizaje encubren un paradigma ideológico homogeneizante y hegemónico, además de fusionar de manera aleatoria, indiscriminada y errónea el cerco epistémico que separa el campo de la biología con el cultural (o vice-versa). Ante esta crítica, propongo el “mestizaje en resistencia” (“resistant mestizaje”, Pérez y Perozo 2003) no solo como herramienta analítica para ser utilizada en la desmitificación del mestizaje, sino también como una alternativa en cómo debería percibirse y asumirse el mestizaje. Por ello, he estructurado este articulo en dos secciones: 1. el mestizaje y su aspecto biológico desde una perspectiva antropológica que sólo refleja las inquietudes de la autora como antropóloga; y 2. el mestizaje y su aspecto cult...
The articles presented in this special issue of Ethnohistory are the result of a concerted effort... more The articles presented in this special issue of Ethnohistory are the result of a concerted effort made by a group of anthropologists from the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas []). 1 As the initial compiler and as the guest editor of this issue, I hope that this publication will serve as a first step for other anthropologists working with Venezuelan indigenous or other ethnic groups to redouble the efforts toward the reformulation and reintegration of the discipline in Venezuela. Also, I hope that this publication generates open forums, as these contribute to the continuous growth and maturity of the discipline. This development of Venezuelan anthropology is essential to the preparation of adequate responses to future academic demands and public interest issues at the national and international levels. 2 The publication of this issue does not deny any previous efforts made by other anthropologists living in Venezuela and abroad on behalf of Venezuelan anthropology; nor does it imply that there has been either an absence of or an academic disregard for salient anthropological studies done in Venezuela. Rather, this special issue of Ethnohistory represents, on the one hand, the first concerted effort to publish abroad a group of essays about Venezuelan oral-based cultures that embraces some of the distinct subdisciplines of anthropology and is written by anthropologists living in situ. On the other hand, it contains richly empirical studies that have been undertaken, for the most part, by a new generation of anthropologists in Venezuela and are based on an academic tradition that searches for new models or paradigms of and for theorizing culture and representation. 3 This latter point is important in that such theoretical and methodological re-Ethnohistory :- (summer-fall )
Many of the black slaves brought to the Americas by European colonizers developed strategies of r... more Many of the black slaves brought to the Americas by European colonizers developed strategies of resistance and survival in reaction to colonial slavery. Grand marronnage—or the permanent flight of black slaves from their European oppressors—is one of these strategies used by Aripaeño forebears. This essay examines their journey to freedom, which involved historical processes of ethnogenesis within a diverse and complex ecological and cultural scenario presented by the Guianas during the eighteenth century.
... The linear arrangement of the desks along the walls of the loft discouraged group interaction... more ... The linear arrangement of the desks along the walls of the loft discouraged group interaction among students while at their desks. CLASSROOM D (GRADES 1-3). In great contrast to the other classrooms, the teacher in Classroom D carefully in-tegrated the seating of boys and ...
Local ecological knowledge (LEK) offers a broad range of information that conservationists, devel... more Local ecological knowledge (LEK) offers a broad range of information that conservationists, development practitioners, non-governmental organizations, and researchers value greatly. However, LEK has an intrinsic value to its holders; it represents their capacity to adapt and survive in remote areas, while anchoring their cultural continuity within a specific ecological region. The authors set out to describe in this essay the ethnobotanical knowledge of sarrapia (Dipteryx odorata [Aubl.] Willd.) or tonka bean among the inhabitants of three non-indigenous communities of the Lower Caura River Basin, southern Venezuela. The results of this study suggest that there is a strong association between the livelihood of the Caura's residents and the consecutive annual cycle of this species. This association is demonstrated by how the locals: 1. make interconnections between the biological cycle of sarrapia and climatic and ecological variables; 2. discriminate between wild and cultivated sarrapia tree stands; 3. provide accurate estimates on the total production of sarrapia beans per tree stand every year; 4. implement the appropriate skills throughout the delicate process of extracting and treating the beans; and 5. regulate the access and usufruct rights to the wild and cultivated sarrapia trees.
El propósito de este artículo es desmitificar el mestizaje a partir de una desconstrucción y reco... more El propósito de este artículo es desmitificar el mestizaje a partir de una desconstrucción y reconstrucción epistemológica de este fenómeno en su aspecto biológico y cultural. Este objetivo es importante porque considero que los significados que subyacen en el mestizaje encubren un paradigma ideológico homogeneizante y hegemónico, además de fusionar de manera aleatoria, indiscriminada y errónea el cerco epistémico que separa el campo de la biología con el cultural (o vice-versa). Ante esta crítica, propongo el “mestizaje en resistencia” (“resistant mestizaje”, Pérez y Perozo 2003) no solo como herramienta analítica para ser utilizada en la desmitificación del mestizaje, sino también como una alternativa en cómo debería percibirse y asumirse el mestizaje. Por ello, he estructurado este articulo en dos secciones: 1. el mestizaje y su aspecto biológico desde una perspectiva antropológica que sólo refleja las inquietudes de la autora como antropóloga; y 2. el mestizaje y su aspecto cult...
The articles presented in this special issue of Ethnohistory are the result of a concerted effort... more The articles presented in this special issue of Ethnohistory are the result of a concerted effort made by a group of anthropologists from the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas []). 1 As the initial compiler and as the guest editor of this issue, I hope that this publication will serve as a first step for other anthropologists working with Venezuelan indigenous or other ethnic groups to redouble the efforts toward the reformulation and reintegration of the discipline in Venezuela. Also, I hope that this publication generates open forums, as these contribute to the continuous growth and maturity of the discipline. This development of Venezuelan anthropology is essential to the preparation of adequate responses to future academic demands and public interest issues at the national and international levels. 2 The publication of this issue does not deny any previous efforts made by other anthropologists living in Venezuela and abroad on behalf of Venezuelan anthropology; nor does it imply that there has been either an absence of or an academic disregard for salient anthropological studies done in Venezuela. Rather, this special issue of Ethnohistory represents, on the one hand, the first concerted effort to publish abroad a group of essays about Venezuelan oral-based cultures that embraces some of the distinct subdisciplines of anthropology and is written by anthropologists living in situ. On the other hand, it contains richly empirical studies that have been undertaken, for the most part, by a new generation of anthropologists in Venezuela and are based on an academic tradition that searches for new models or paradigms of and for theorizing culture and representation. 3 This latter point is important in that such theoretical and methodological re-Ethnohistory :- (summer-fall )
Many of the black slaves brought to the Americas by European colonizers developed strategies of r... more Many of the black slaves brought to the Americas by European colonizers developed strategies of resistance and survival in reaction to colonial slavery. Grand marronnage—or the permanent flight of black slaves from their European oppressors—is one of these strategies used by Aripaeño forebears. This essay examines their journey to freedom, which involved historical processes of ethnogenesis within a diverse and complex ecological and cultural scenario presented by the Guianas during the eighteenth century.
... The linear arrangement of the desks along the walls of the loft discouraged group interaction... more ... The linear arrangement of the desks along the walls of the loft discouraged group interaction among students while at their desks. CLASSROOM D (GRADES 1-3). In great contrast to the other classrooms, the teacher in Classroom D carefully in-tegrated the seating of boys and ...
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