International journal of applied research, Nov 1, 2015
Biomarkers are biological constituents that can helps in detecting of pathological conditions and... more Biomarkers are biological constituents that can helps in detecting of pathological conditions and normal physiological process in the body in approximately precise manner in preclinical studies such as cellular or animal modules particular biomarkers can be monitored. Biomarkers can be used in drug development through replacing endpoints to substitute for clinical points that permits for early evaluation of the drug advantage/effectiveness This work includes hypothesis and interpretation of using biomarkers in detection pathological conditions in three main biological abnormalities, first; Biomarkers used for detection of abnormalities result from autoimmune diseases second; Biomarkers used to detect abnormalities in blood caused by infectious agents third; Biomarkers used to detect abnormalities in CNS caused by infectious agents.
Hematology/oncology clinics of North America, 1992
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell cancer which is for some extend characterized by presence of mo... more Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell cancer which is for some extend characterized by presence of monoclonal gammopathy in individuals with (MM) as it may also increase in light chain amyloidosis and macroglobulinemia. However, the aetiology of (MM) still not fully understood, recent research has found that MM may be caused by several factor such as; tumour transformation due to series of genetic changes in the cells and it is obvious that changes in microenvironment of bone marrow facilitate tumour growth. Clinically the symptoms of MM vary and depend on the organ involved, in many patients’ unexplained back pain or bone pain is the initial clinical presentation. Bones of ribs, pelvis, skull and long bones are observed with multiple lytic lesions in most of patients. The occurrence of clinical symptoms and lesions may predisposed by a variety of factors such as; age, sex, ethnicity, inheritance factors. Although individuals with rheumatoid arthritis or individuals with body mass index...
Brooder pneumonia is aspergillosis occurs in chicks caused by Aspergillus fumigatus during the fi... more Brooder pneumonia is aspergillosis occurs in chicks caused by Aspergillus fumigatus during the first-week post-hatching. It has not been confirmed yet that all A. fumigatus strains cause brooder pneumonia or it restricted to pathogenic strains. From an outbreak included 28 broiler farms in Sulaimaniyah province, 575 dead and sick chicks were randomly selected, diagnosed clinically, histopathologically, and by post-mortem isolation of A. fumigatus, among them 321 chicks were confirmed to be infected by aspergillosis with incidence rate of (57.5 %). Twenty eight clinical isolates of A. fumigatus along with 15 farm environment isolates represented all the farms were subjected to genotyping through (CA)n and (CACCAC)n short tandem microsatellite DNA repeats. All clinical and environmental isolates were highly polymorphic except two clinical isolates from two different farms which were with the same genotype. It could be concluded that all A. fumigatus strains are potential causative age...
CF is a lifelong genetic disease that result in formation of thick, sticky mucous in lung, pancre... more CF is a lifelong genetic disease that result in formation of thick, sticky mucous in lung, pancreas and other organs. In lung, the airway is blocked by mucous causing lung damage. CF is as a result in mutation in cystic fibrosis transmemebrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The most common mutation in CF gene is (ΔF508). In ΔF508 mutation the Δ is deleted from three nucleotides result in loose of phenyl alanine amino acid at 508th location on protein. CF caused by mutation of (ΔF508) account two third of cases worldwide and difficulty in breathing and eventually severe lung infection. The most common signs is salty skin, growth rate retardation and loss of weight, however the food intake is normal, accumulation of thick sticky mucous in chest region which is difficult to control because of it's sticky in nature. Different diagnosis categories are used in screening of CF, such as sweat test or genetic testing and new born screening. In new borns, measuring the level of immunoreactive trypsinogen is valuable in detecting CF. Although there is no healing in CF patients, many ways are available for treatment. The key role in management of CF is treating of airway infection and encourages the patient to an active life style and using high energy content food. Management of CF continue throughout patient's life and it is important in maintaining of organ functioning and delay organ dysfunctions Index Terms Cystic fibrosis (CF), cystic fibrosis transmemebrane conductance regulator (CFTR), ΔF508 mutation I. INTRODUCTION CF is a lifelong genetic disease that result in formation of thick, sticky mucous in lung, pancreas and other organs. In lung, the airway is blocked by mucous causing lung damage and difficulty in breathing and eventually severe lung infection. In pancreas the most common feature is obstruction of pancreatic duct, which is lead to limitation in passage of pancreatic enzyme resulting in digestive problems (cystic fibrosis foundation 2007).According to many surveys which have been done by health organizations, survival age from CF has improved significantly over past 50 years, with increasing of median age of death by CF (Elborm, 2000 and Dodge, 2007). This improvement has been attributed by several factors including nutritional improvement, early monitoring of the individuals with early symptoms of CF and using drug of choice for treatment (Farrel, 2005 and Merel, 2001). In addition, socioeconomics play an important role in survival improvement with CF over 20 years ago. Children in England and Wales were found from manual socioeconomic groups have rate of death by CF three times more than those from non-manual socioeconomic groups (Britton, 1989). CF is caused by mutation in genes that encode cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein, which is expressed in many epithelial cells and blood cells (
International journal of applied research, Nov 1, 2015
Biomarkers are biological constituents that can helps in detecting of pathological conditions and... more Biomarkers are biological constituents that can helps in detecting of pathological conditions and normal physiological process in the body in approximately precise manner in preclinical studies such as cellular or animal modules particular biomarkers can be monitored. Biomarkers can be used in drug development through replacing endpoints to substitute for clinical points that permits for early evaluation of the drug advantage/effectiveness This work includes hypothesis and interpretation of using biomarkers in detection pathological conditions in three main biological abnormalities, first; Biomarkers used for detection of abnormalities result from autoimmune diseases second; Biomarkers used to detect abnormalities in blood caused by infectious agents third; Biomarkers used to detect abnormalities in CNS caused by infectious agents.
Hematology/oncology clinics of North America, 1992
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell cancer which is for some extend characterized by presence of mo... more Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell cancer which is for some extend characterized by presence of monoclonal gammopathy in individuals with (MM) as it may also increase in light chain amyloidosis and macroglobulinemia. However, the aetiology of (MM) still not fully understood, recent research has found that MM may be caused by several factor such as; tumour transformation due to series of genetic changes in the cells and it is obvious that changes in microenvironment of bone marrow facilitate tumour growth. Clinically the symptoms of MM vary and depend on the organ involved, in many patients’ unexplained back pain or bone pain is the initial clinical presentation. Bones of ribs, pelvis, skull and long bones are observed with multiple lytic lesions in most of patients. The occurrence of clinical symptoms and lesions may predisposed by a variety of factors such as; age, sex, ethnicity, inheritance factors. Although individuals with rheumatoid arthritis or individuals with body mass index...
Brooder pneumonia is aspergillosis occurs in chicks caused by Aspergillus fumigatus during the fi... more Brooder pneumonia is aspergillosis occurs in chicks caused by Aspergillus fumigatus during the first-week post-hatching. It has not been confirmed yet that all A. fumigatus strains cause brooder pneumonia or it restricted to pathogenic strains. From an outbreak included 28 broiler farms in Sulaimaniyah province, 575 dead and sick chicks were randomly selected, diagnosed clinically, histopathologically, and by post-mortem isolation of A. fumigatus, among them 321 chicks were confirmed to be infected by aspergillosis with incidence rate of (57.5 %). Twenty eight clinical isolates of A. fumigatus along with 15 farm environment isolates represented all the farms were subjected to genotyping through (CA)n and (CACCAC)n short tandem microsatellite DNA repeats. All clinical and environmental isolates were highly polymorphic except two clinical isolates from two different farms which were with the same genotype. It could be concluded that all A. fumigatus strains are potential causative age...
CF is a lifelong genetic disease that result in formation of thick, sticky mucous in lung, pancre... more CF is a lifelong genetic disease that result in formation of thick, sticky mucous in lung, pancreas and other organs. In lung, the airway is blocked by mucous causing lung damage. CF is as a result in mutation in cystic fibrosis transmemebrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The most common mutation in CF gene is (ΔF508). In ΔF508 mutation the Δ is deleted from three nucleotides result in loose of phenyl alanine amino acid at 508th location on protein. CF caused by mutation of (ΔF508) account two third of cases worldwide and difficulty in breathing and eventually severe lung infection. The most common signs is salty skin, growth rate retardation and loss of weight, however the food intake is normal, accumulation of thick sticky mucous in chest region which is difficult to control because of it's sticky in nature. Different diagnosis categories are used in screening of CF, such as sweat test or genetic testing and new born screening. In new borns, measuring the level of immunoreactive trypsinogen is valuable in detecting CF. Although there is no healing in CF patients, many ways are available for treatment. The key role in management of CF is treating of airway infection and encourages the patient to an active life style and using high energy content food. Management of CF continue throughout patient's life and it is important in maintaining of organ functioning and delay organ dysfunctions Index Terms Cystic fibrosis (CF), cystic fibrosis transmemebrane conductance regulator (CFTR), ΔF508 mutation I. INTRODUCTION CF is a lifelong genetic disease that result in formation of thick, sticky mucous in lung, pancreas and other organs. In lung, the airway is blocked by mucous causing lung damage and difficulty in breathing and eventually severe lung infection. In pancreas the most common feature is obstruction of pancreatic duct, which is lead to limitation in passage of pancreatic enzyme resulting in digestive problems (cystic fibrosis foundation 2007).According to many surveys which have been done by health organizations, survival age from CF has improved significantly over past 50 years, with increasing of median age of death by CF (Elborm, 2000 and Dodge, 2007). This improvement has been attributed by several factors including nutritional improvement, early monitoring of the individuals with early symptoms of CF and using drug of choice for treatment (Farrel, 2005 and Merel, 2001). In addition, socioeconomics play an important role in survival improvement with CF over 20 years ago. Children in England and Wales were found from manual socioeconomic groups have rate of death by CF three times more than those from non-manual socioeconomic groups (Britton, 1989). CF is caused by mutation in genes that encode cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein, which is expressed in many epithelial cells and blood cells (
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