Raageshwari Deep Gas (RDG) field is a major gas field in the Barmer Basin of Rajasthan, India whi... more Raageshwari Deep Gas (RDG) field is a major gas field in the Barmer Basin of Rajasthan, India which comprises of a tight gas-condensate reservoir within the underlying thick Volcanic Complex. The Volcanic Complex comprises two major units – upper Prithvi Member (Basalt) and lower Agni Member (Felsics interbedded with older basalt). The production zone is drilled in 6" and has historically seen high level of shock & vibrations (S&V) and stick-slip (S&S) leading to multiple downhole tool failures and poor rate of penetration (ROP). Individual changes in Bit and bottom hole drilling assembly (BHA) design were not able to give satisfactory results and hence an integrated approach in terms of in-depth formation analysis, downhole vibration monitoring, correct predictive modelling, bit and BHA design was required. A proprietary formation analysis software was used to map the entire RDG field to understand the variation in terms of formation compactness, abrasiveness and impact (Figur...
Objective This study evaluated the utility of 18F-fluorodexoyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission ... more Objective This study evaluated the utility of 18F-fluorodexoyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in staging, grading, and prognostication of Stage III and IV soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Methods Forty patients (Median age = 32.5 years; 25 men) with histologically proven STSs, prospectively underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CTs at baseline. Three-dimensional region of interests were drawn encompassing the lesions to calculate standardized uptake values (SUVs) and metabolic tumor volumes (MTVs). After segmentation, Haralick statistical texture analysis was performed. Follow-up was available for 35 patients. Survival at 6 months was 71.4% and at 1 year was 57.1%. Results American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III was seen in 23 and Stage IV in 17 patients. None of the baseline quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters could predict response or progression. Only reduction in SUVmax in interim PET/CT correlated with baseline SUVmax (Spearman’s Rho = 0.533; P = 0.019). Textural parameters namely ‘contrast’ in CT (P = 0.039) and ‘difference entropy’ in PET/CT (P = 0.051) could differentiate intermediate from high-grade lesions, with corresponding area under curves being 0.736 (0.533–0.889) and 0.700 (0.518–0.882). M1 disease [Hazard ratio (HR): 3.184 (1.179–8.595); P = 0.022], absence of surgical treatment [HR 0.305 (0.106–0.873), P = 0.027 with surgery], lower MTV/total tumor volume (TTV) [HR: 0.975 (0.953–0.997; P = 0.028] and progressive disease in interim PET/CT [3.483 (0.898–13.515); P = 0.056] were predictors of lower survival in univariate analysis. Only M1 disease was found to be reaching significance in multivariate analysis [HR = 2.683 (0.949–7.580); P = 0.063]. Baseline PET/CT changed management in 12.5% of patients [compared to local-imaging and high-resolution CT chest]; with detection of extra-pulmonary metastases. Though, interim and end of treatment PET/CTs detected more metastatic lesions, management was not impacted. Conclusion 18F-FDG-PET/CT allows for more accurate M-staging in late-stage STSs, which in turn influences the option of curative surgical resection and thus impacts patient prognosis. Lower baseline MTV/TTV and progression in interim PET/CT are also associated with lower survival. Textural analysis may have a role in noninvasive grading.
In recent decades active infrared thermography gained vital importance in the field of non-destru... more In recent decades active infrared thermography gained vital importance in the field of non-destructive testing and evaluation. It is non-invasive, non-ionizing, reliable, quantitative and qualitative imaging modality for estimation of properties of surface and subsurface abnormalities in various biomaterials. Recently introduced non-periodic thermal excitation schemes for the active infrared thermography gained attention in thermal imaging community by providing a solution to overcome the constrains associated with the traditional pulse and lock-in infrared thermography methods. Among these thermographic methods, digitized frequency modulated thermal wave imaging is one of the imaging modality which supports the principle of pulse compression to overcome constrains associated with traditional methods. This work proposes an analytical solution for digitized frequency modulated thermal wave imaging, which is used for estimation of osteoporosis stages in multilayer human bone model. In order to validate the proposed analytical approach, the results obtained from the analytical approach has been compared with the numerically obtained results from a commercially available simulator (COMSOL Multiphysics) by taking correlation coefficient as a figure of merit.
Until now, several studies have looked at the issue of anthocyanin and cancer, namely the prevent... more Until now, several studies have looked at the issue of anthocyanin and cancer, namely the preventive and inhibitory effects of anthocyanins, as well as the underlying molecular processes. However, no targeted review is available regarding the anticarcinogenic effects of delphinidin and its glycosides on various cancers and their plausible molecular mechanisms. Considerable evidence shows significant anticancer properties of delphinidin-rich preparations and delphinidin alone both in vitro and in vivo. This review covers the in vitro and preclinical implications of delphinidin-mediated cell protection and cancer prevention; thus, we strongly recommend that delphinidin-rich preparations be further investigated as potential functional food, dietary antioxidant supplements, and natural health products targeting specific chronic diseases, including cancer. In addition to in vitro investigations, future research should focus on more animal and human studies to determine the true potential...
A 7-year-old male with a history of blunt trauma to the abdomen and diagnosis of perinephric hema... more A 7-year-old male with a history of blunt trauma to the abdomen and diagnosis of perinephric hematoma in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) presented with increasing peri-nephric collection (after ~1.5 months) in the serial ultrasound examinations. The patient was referred to the department of nuclear medicine for the assessment of this collection as well as renal function. In 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate renal scintigraphy, progressively increasing radiotracer activity was noted inferolaterally to the left kidney, separated from the same by a photopenic area. Single-photon emission computed tomography/CT revealed a peri-nephric urinoma in relation to the previously diagnosed hematoma at the lower pole; which was communicating with the pelvi-calyceal system (PCS). Not only did the renal scintigraphy aid in the diagnosis of urinoma but it was also able to show that it was communicating freely with the PCS and that the rest of the renal parenchyma was functioning adequately. This multi-faceted assessment in a single investigation allowed clinicians to opt for the conservative management despite the increasing size of urinoma in the early follow-up.
OBJECTIVE. Diagnosing brain tumor recurrence, especially with changes that occur after treatment,... more OBJECTIVE. Diagnosing brain tumor recurrence, especially with changes that occur after treatment, is a challenge. MRI has an exceptional structural resolution, which is important from the perspective of treatment planning. However, its reliability in diagnosing recurrence is relatively lower, when compared to metabolic imaging. The latter is more sensitive to the early changes associated with recurrence and relatively immune to confounding by treatment related changes. CONCLUSION. There is no one-stop shop for the diagnosis of recurrence in brain tumors. The sensitivity of metabolic imaging is not a substitute for the resolution of the MRI, making a multi-modal approach the only way forward.
Cytopathological examination of a lesion, holds a central role in the management of almost every ... more Cytopathological examination of a lesion, holds a central role in the management of almost every disease, whether in oncology or infections. It can identify, not only the causative agent, but also give an insight into the treatment options, treatment response and resistance. Non-invasive imaging in the form of ultrasound (USG), computed tomography (CT), PET/CT and MRI have an important role in diagnosis, staging, response assessment and restaging, but these roles have to interpreted in context of data provided by the cytopathological assessment.
et al., Nano-carbon based sensors for bacterial detection and discrimination in clinical diagnosi... more et al., Nano-carbon based sensors for bacterial detection and discrimination in clinical diagnosis: A junction between material science and biology, Appl. Mater. Today (xxxx),
International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2019
New frontiers of therapy are being explored against the upcoming bacterial diseases rendered untr... more New frontiers of therapy are being explored against the upcoming bacterial diseases rendered untreatable due to multiple, extreme and pan-antibiotic resistance. Nucleases are ubiquitous in bacterial pathogens performing various functions like acquiring nucleotide nutrients, allowing or preventing uptake of foreign DNA, controlling biofilm formation/dispersal/architecture, invading host by tissue damage, evading immune defence by degrading DNA matrix of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and immunomodulating the host immune response. Secretory nucleases also provide means of survival to other bacteria like iron-reducing Shewanella and such functions help them adapt and survive proficiently. Other than their pro-pathogen roles in survival, nucleases can be used directly as therapeutics. One of the powerful armours of pathogens is the formation of biofilms, thus helping them resist and persist in the harshest of environments. As eDNA forms the structural and binding component of biofilm, nucleases can be used against the adhering component, thus increasing the permeability of antimicrobial agents. Nucleases have recently become a model system of intense study for their biological functions and medical applications in diagnosis, immunoprophylaxis and therapy. Rational implications of these enzymes can impact human medicine positively in future by opening new ways for therapeutics which have otherwise reached saturation due to multi drug resistance.
The American journal of sports medicine, Jan 27, 2018
F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F18-FDG PET/CT) can be u... more F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F18-FDG PET/CT) can be used to assess changes in the metabolism of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft as it is undergoing "ligamentization." Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is the preferred modality for noninvasive assessment of graft structure and graft vascularity. To compare the use of F18-FDG PET/CT and DCE-MRI to assess ligamentization within the ACL graft and correlate the results with clinical tests. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Among 30 recruited patients, 27 patients (3 females and 24 males) completed 2 follow-up assessments at a mean of 125 ± 22 days and 259 ± 38 days after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. At both assessments, anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and Lysholm scoring (LS) were conducted. Images from F18-FDG PET/CT and MRI were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively (maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax], SUVmax ratio to the c...
The active thermal non-destructive testing and evaluation techniques have gained wide acceptance ... more The active thermal non-destructive testing and evaluation techniques have gained wide acceptance in health monitoring of various solids materials such as metals, composites and semiconductors. The most popular active infrared thermographic methods for non-destructive testing and evaluation applications are pulse based thermography and lock-in thermography techniques. But the usage of these techniques is limited due to their inherent limitations. To overcome the limitations of the existing approaches, the present work demonstrates the effectiveness of digitized frequency modulated thermal wave imaging technique for detection of different shaped defects in a glass fibre reinforced polymer specimen. Further, the usage of post-processing scheme facilitates defect detection with high resolution and also preserves the shape of defects.
We present a robust method to prepare thin oriented nematic liquid crystalline elastomer-polymer ... more We present a robust method to prepare thin oriented nematic liquid crystalline elastomer-polymer (LCE-polymer) core-sheath fibers. An electrospinning setup is utilized to spin a single solution of photo-crosslinkable low molecular weight reactive mesogens and a support polymer to form the coaxial LCE-polymer fibers, where the support polymer forms the sheath via in situ phase separation as the solvent evaporates. We discuss the effect of phase separation and compare two different sheath polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone and polylactic acid), investigating optical and morphological properties of obtained fibers, as well as the shape changes upon heating. The current fibers show only irreversible contraction, the relaxation most likely being hindered by the presence of the passive sheath polymer, increasing in stiffness on cooling. If the sheath polymer can be removed while keeping the LCE core intact, we expect LCE fibers produced in this way to have potential to be used as actuators, f...
In the present study, the fingerprinting technique, random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR was eval... more In the present study, the fingerprinting technique, random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR was evaluated to characterize 13 strains of Lactobacillus brevis, isolated from different vegetable products of South Korea. Two primers i.e. 239 and KAY3 were used. The primer 239 produced bands ranged from 500-4,000 bp and KAY3 primer produced bands with sizes from 600-4,000 bp. Both primers produced thirteen different RAPD profiles. Phylogenetic dendrogram showed that all the isolates could be divided into six major clusters both the primers. However, a few strains of L. brevis had similar profiles and were not well differentiated by RAPD.
INROADS- An International Journal of Jaipur National University, 2016
Now-a-days plastic and rubber are everywhere. Plastic is found from agriculture to automobile sec... more Now-a-days plastic and rubber are everywhere. Plastic is found from agriculture to automobile sectors. The increasing numbers of vehicles on the roads generate millions of used tires every year. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency 290 million scrap tires were generated in 2003 (EPA, 2007). The disposal of these wastes is turning out to be a great problem. These are non-biodegradable products due to which these materials pose environmental pollution and problems, abnormalities and even a decline in quality of life. The recycled tire rubber can be used in new tires, tirederived fuel, in civil engineering application and products, and for various other purposes. But using these rubber and plastic wastes in pavement construction is being widely considered with great interest in many developing countries. The use of these materials in pavement construction is based on technical, economic, and ecological criteria. Several million metric tons plastic and rubber wastes are produced in India every year. If these materials are suitably operated in road construction, the pollution and disposal problems may be partly reduced. Keeping in mind the need for bulk use of these wastes in India, vast experimentation is construction, the pollution and disposal problems may be partly reduced. Keeping in mind the need for bulk use of these wastes in India, vast experimentation is being carried out to develop specifications and enhance their use in road construction. The benefits of using rubber modified asphalts or polymer aggregate bitumen are being more widely experienced and recognized unlike in India. More possibilities of using these materials should be developed for construction of low-volume roads in different parts of our country. A review of various plastic and rubber wastes and their advantages and disadvantages for use in the construction of roads have been discussed in this paper. Considering that these technologies are still struggling to be fully adopted worldwide, mainly because of poor information, lack of support of local policies, the present paper aims to be an updated reference to clarify benefits and issues associated with these sustainable and much needed technologies.
The extension of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with Multiple input multiple o... more The extension of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) in Wireless communication is nostrum to fading. This brilliant combination has potential to expedient high data rate requirements and high performance over various impugning channels i.e. Time selective and Frequency selective. This paper presents the Nakagami Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) fading channel simulation and the comparison of BER performance of the frequency domain equalizers i.e. Decision feedback and maximum likelihood detection (ML). The result is provided for two transmitter and two receiver, 16 QAM modulation. The simulation result shows that the high diversity gain stability can be acquired by using the domain equalizers for SFBC-OFDM in Nakagami frequency selective fading channel. The implementation of domain equalizers for SFBC-OFDM system for the arbitrary values of m minimizes the intersymbol interference (ISI). Ml is the best coding for minimizing the error probability.
Despite major advances in dentistry in terms of techniques, technologies and materials, anxiety r... more Despite major advances in dentistry in terms of techniques, technologies and materials, anxiety related to the dental environment and specific procedures is a significant and common problem faced by child patients worldwide and considered as an obstacle in providing quality dental care. Various aspects and factors are involved in the acquisition and development of dental anxiety in children. It not only concerns fear of pain or of invasive procedures, but also entails separation from the parents, confrontation with unfamiliar people and surroundings and the experience of loss of control [1]. In the Indian population, an estimated 6.3-9.4% of children between the age groups of 10-15 years suffer from dental fear [2]. A vicious cycle has been proposed in relation to dental fear whereby dental fear leads directly to the avoidance of dental visits, resulting in deterioration in oral health, leading to more problem-oriented visiting, which serves to maintain or exacerbate the person's level of dental fear. This avoidance creates feelings of shame, guilt and inferiority, further maintaining this negative spiral by reinforcing one's fear and avoidance behaviour [1]. AAPD has outlined a series of behaviour management techniques to deal with the problem, ranging from voice control, to distraction, to physical restraint. When all else fails, sedation with drugs such as nitrous oxide has been advocated [3]. Behaviour management techniques are meant to reduce the need for excessive and potentially unsafe use of medications. There is evidence to indicate that an integration of good behavioural techniques leads to better results, lessened drug requirements, greater patient safety and reduced side-effects [4]. The present trend advocates the use of non-aversive behaviour management techniques which may be equally effective and more acceptable to parents, patients and practitioners. In distraction, the patient's attention is diverted from what may be perceived as an unpleasant situation [5]. Audio distraction is a non-aversive distraction technique in which patients listen to music or stories during a stressful procedure. The accomplishment of audio distraction technique has been affirmed in medical setups however scanty literature is available to gauge the potency of this technique in terms of paediatric population [2]. Researchers have identified several mechanisms by which music works to reduce anxiety. The first is the Gate Control Theory of Pain, proposed by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall in 1965 [6]. This theory states that pain signals are transmitted from the place of injury, via nerve receptors in the spinal cord, to synapses that receive the pain information in the brain. Music is believed to send enough competing sensory inputs through pathways descending from the brain to cause the brainstem to signal some of the gates shut, thereby reducing the amount of pain that the patient listening to the music perceives [7]. A second mechanism is distraction. Noguchi defines this as "any
With the advances in cross-sectional imaging, bowel imaging has reached a new zenith. Multidetect... more With the advances in cross-sectional imaging, bowel imaging has reached a new zenith. Multidetector computed tomography (CT) is a frequently used modality because of its ease of performance in a few seconds as well as its easy availability these days. MR imaging is particularly useful in pediatric patients and in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) whereby frequent imaging is necessary to avoid CT-or fluoroscopy-associated radiation. Present-generation PET-CT or PET-MR imaging hybrid scanners combine the functional information of PET with state-of-the-art CT or MR imaging to provide information about disease activity with precise anatomic localization.
The Monte Carlo code SIMIND is used in nuclear medicine for research purposes, and also for testi... more The Monte Carlo code SIMIND is used in nuclear medicine for research purposes, and also for testing the validity of various applications. Conversion of a SIMIND-generated interfile (header and image data file) is required to process the simulated image data on a Xeleris workstation. Currently there is no conversion program provided with SIMIND to convert its interfile, which is acceptable in any nuclear medicine workstation. Manual editing of the header file is possible with any standard text editor but it is time-consuming (requiring ∼1 h) and stressful. To alleviate this, we have developed a conversion program using FreeMat V4.0 (an open source software similar to MATLAB from MathWorks). It takes an average of 0.04404 s to convert a SIMIND SPECT data interfile and make it acceptable to Xeleris.
Raageshwari Deep Gas (RDG) field is a major gas field in the Barmer Basin of Rajasthan, India whi... more Raageshwari Deep Gas (RDG) field is a major gas field in the Barmer Basin of Rajasthan, India which comprises of a tight gas-condensate reservoir within the underlying thick Volcanic Complex. The Volcanic Complex comprises two major units – upper Prithvi Member (Basalt) and lower Agni Member (Felsics interbedded with older basalt). The production zone is drilled in 6" and has historically seen high level of shock & vibrations (S&V) and stick-slip (S&S) leading to multiple downhole tool failures and poor rate of penetration (ROP). Individual changes in Bit and bottom hole drilling assembly (BHA) design were not able to give satisfactory results and hence an integrated approach in terms of in-depth formation analysis, downhole vibration monitoring, correct predictive modelling, bit and BHA design was required. A proprietary formation analysis software was used to map the entire RDG field to understand the variation in terms of formation compactness, abrasiveness and impact (Figur...
Objective This study evaluated the utility of 18F-fluorodexoyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission ... more Objective This study evaluated the utility of 18F-fluorodexoyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in staging, grading, and prognostication of Stage III and IV soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Methods Forty patients (Median age = 32.5 years; 25 men) with histologically proven STSs, prospectively underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CTs at baseline. Three-dimensional region of interests were drawn encompassing the lesions to calculate standardized uptake values (SUVs) and metabolic tumor volumes (MTVs). After segmentation, Haralick statistical texture analysis was performed. Follow-up was available for 35 patients. Survival at 6 months was 71.4% and at 1 year was 57.1%. Results American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III was seen in 23 and Stage IV in 17 patients. None of the baseline quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters could predict response or progression. Only reduction in SUVmax in interim PET/CT correlated with baseline SUVmax (Spearman’s Rho = 0.533; P = 0.019). Textural parameters namely ‘contrast’ in CT (P = 0.039) and ‘difference entropy’ in PET/CT (P = 0.051) could differentiate intermediate from high-grade lesions, with corresponding area under curves being 0.736 (0.533–0.889) and 0.700 (0.518–0.882). M1 disease [Hazard ratio (HR): 3.184 (1.179–8.595); P = 0.022], absence of surgical treatment [HR 0.305 (0.106–0.873), P = 0.027 with surgery], lower MTV/total tumor volume (TTV) [HR: 0.975 (0.953–0.997; P = 0.028] and progressive disease in interim PET/CT [3.483 (0.898–13.515); P = 0.056] were predictors of lower survival in univariate analysis. Only M1 disease was found to be reaching significance in multivariate analysis [HR = 2.683 (0.949–7.580); P = 0.063]. Baseline PET/CT changed management in 12.5% of patients [compared to local-imaging and high-resolution CT chest]; with detection of extra-pulmonary metastases. Though, interim and end of treatment PET/CTs detected more metastatic lesions, management was not impacted. Conclusion 18F-FDG-PET/CT allows for more accurate M-staging in late-stage STSs, which in turn influences the option of curative surgical resection and thus impacts patient prognosis. Lower baseline MTV/TTV and progression in interim PET/CT are also associated with lower survival. Textural analysis may have a role in noninvasive grading.
In recent decades active infrared thermography gained vital importance in the field of non-destru... more In recent decades active infrared thermography gained vital importance in the field of non-destructive testing and evaluation. It is non-invasive, non-ionizing, reliable, quantitative and qualitative imaging modality for estimation of properties of surface and subsurface abnormalities in various biomaterials. Recently introduced non-periodic thermal excitation schemes for the active infrared thermography gained attention in thermal imaging community by providing a solution to overcome the constrains associated with the traditional pulse and lock-in infrared thermography methods. Among these thermographic methods, digitized frequency modulated thermal wave imaging is one of the imaging modality which supports the principle of pulse compression to overcome constrains associated with traditional methods. This work proposes an analytical solution for digitized frequency modulated thermal wave imaging, which is used for estimation of osteoporosis stages in multilayer human bone model. In order to validate the proposed analytical approach, the results obtained from the analytical approach has been compared with the numerically obtained results from a commercially available simulator (COMSOL Multiphysics) by taking correlation coefficient as a figure of merit.
Until now, several studies have looked at the issue of anthocyanin and cancer, namely the prevent... more Until now, several studies have looked at the issue of anthocyanin and cancer, namely the preventive and inhibitory effects of anthocyanins, as well as the underlying molecular processes. However, no targeted review is available regarding the anticarcinogenic effects of delphinidin and its glycosides on various cancers and their plausible molecular mechanisms. Considerable evidence shows significant anticancer properties of delphinidin-rich preparations and delphinidin alone both in vitro and in vivo. This review covers the in vitro and preclinical implications of delphinidin-mediated cell protection and cancer prevention; thus, we strongly recommend that delphinidin-rich preparations be further investigated as potential functional food, dietary antioxidant supplements, and natural health products targeting specific chronic diseases, including cancer. In addition to in vitro investigations, future research should focus on more animal and human studies to determine the true potential...
A 7-year-old male with a history of blunt trauma to the abdomen and diagnosis of perinephric hema... more A 7-year-old male with a history of blunt trauma to the abdomen and diagnosis of perinephric hematoma in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) presented with increasing peri-nephric collection (after ~1.5 months) in the serial ultrasound examinations. The patient was referred to the department of nuclear medicine for the assessment of this collection as well as renal function. In 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate renal scintigraphy, progressively increasing radiotracer activity was noted inferolaterally to the left kidney, separated from the same by a photopenic area. Single-photon emission computed tomography/CT revealed a peri-nephric urinoma in relation to the previously diagnosed hematoma at the lower pole; which was communicating with the pelvi-calyceal system (PCS). Not only did the renal scintigraphy aid in the diagnosis of urinoma but it was also able to show that it was communicating freely with the PCS and that the rest of the renal parenchyma was functioning adequately. This multi-faceted assessment in a single investigation allowed clinicians to opt for the conservative management despite the increasing size of urinoma in the early follow-up.
OBJECTIVE. Diagnosing brain tumor recurrence, especially with changes that occur after treatment,... more OBJECTIVE. Diagnosing brain tumor recurrence, especially with changes that occur after treatment, is a challenge. MRI has an exceptional structural resolution, which is important from the perspective of treatment planning. However, its reliability in diagnosing recurrence is relatively lower, when compared to metabolic imaging. The latter is more sensitive to the early changes associated with recurrence and relatively immune to confounding by treatment related changes. CONCLUSION. There is no one-stop shop for the diagnosis of recurrence in brain tumors. The sensitivity of metabolic imaging is not a substitute for the resolution of the MRI, making a multi-modal approach the only way forward.
Cytopathological examination of a lesion, holds a central role in the management of almost every ... more Cytopathological examination of a lesion, holds a central role in the management of almost every disease, whether in oncology or infections. It can identify, not only the causative agent, but also give an insight into the treatment options, treatment response and resistance. Non-invasive imaging in the form of ultrasound (USG), computed tomography (CT), PET/CT and MRI have an important role in diagnosis, staging, response assessment and restaging, but these roles have to interpreted in context of data provided by the cytopathological assessment.
et al., Nano-carbon based sensors for bacterial detection and discrimination in clinical diagnosi... more et al., Nano-carbon based sensors for bacterial detection and discrimination in clinical diagnosis: A junction between material science and biology, Appl. Mater. Today (xxxx),
International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2019
New frontiers of therapy are being explored against the upcoming bacterial diseases rendered untr... more New frontiers of therapy are being explored against the upcoming bacterial diseases rendered untreatable due to multiple, extreme and pan-antibiotic resistance. Nucleases are ubiquitous in bacterial pathogens performing various functions like acquiring nucleotide nutrients, allowing or preventing uptake of foreign DNA, controlling biofilm formation/dispersal/architecture, invading host by tissue damage, evading immune defence by degrading DNA matrix of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and immunomodulating the host immune response. Secretory nucleases also provide means of survival to other bacteria like iron-reducing Shewanella and such functions help them adapt and survive proficiently. Other than their pro-pathogen roles in survival, nucleases can be used directly as therapeutics. One of the powerful armours of pathogens is the formation of biofilms, thus helping them resist and persist in the harshest of environments. As eDNA forms the structural and binding component of biofilm, nucleases can be used against the adhering component, thus increasing the permeability of antimicrobial agents. Nucleases have recently become a model system of intense study for their biological functions and medical applications in diagnosis, immunoprophylaxis and therapy. Rational implications of these enzymes can impact human medicine positively in future by opening new ways for therapeutics which have otherwise reached saturation due to multi drug resistance.
The American journal of sports medicine, Jan 27, 2018
F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F18-FDG PET/CT) can be u... more F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F18-FDG PET/CT) can be used to assess changes in the metabolism of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft as it is undergoing "ligamentization." Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is the preferred modality for noninvasive assessment of graft structure and graft vascularity. To compare the use of F18-FDG PET/CT and DCE-MRI to assess ligamentization within the ACL graft and correlate the results with clinical tests. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Among 30 recruited patients, 27 patients (3 females and 24 males) completed 2 follow-up assessments at a mean of 125 ± 22 days and 259 ± 38 days after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. At both assessments, anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and Lysholm scoring (LS) were conducted. Images from F18-FDG PET/CT and MRI were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively (maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax], SUVmax ratio to the c...
The active thermal non-destructive testing and evaluation techniques have gained wide acceptance ... more The active thermal non-destructive testing and evaluation techniques have gained wide acceptance in health monitoring of various solids materials such as metals, composites and semiconductors. The most popular active infrared thermographic methods for non-destructive testing and evaluation applications are pulse based thermography and lock-in thermography techniques. But the usage of these techniques is limited due to their inherent limitations. To overcome the limitations of the existing approaches, the present work demonstrates the effectiveness of digitized frequency modulated thermal wave imaging technique for detection of different shaped defects in a glass fibre reinforced polymer specimen. Further, the usage of post-processing scheme facilitates defect detection with high resolution and also preserves the shape of defects.
We present a robust method to prepare thin oriented nematic liquid crystalline elastomer-polymer ... more We present a robust method to prepare thin oriented nematic liquid crystalline elastomer-polymer (LCE-polymer) core-sheath fibers. An electrospinning setup is utilized to spin a single solution of photo-crosslinkable low molecular weight reactive mesogens and a support polymer to form the coaxial LCE-polymer fibers, where the support polymer forms the sheath via in situ phase separation as the solvent evaporates. We discuss the effect of phase separation and compare two different sheath polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone and polylactic acid), investigating optical and morphological properties of obtained fibers, as well as the shape changes upon heating. The current fibers show only irreversible contraction, the relaxation most likely being hindered by the presence of the passive sheath polymer, increasing in stiffness on cooling. If the sheath polymer can be removed while keeping the LCE core intact, we expect LCE fibers produced in this way to have potential to be used as actuators, f...
In the present study, the fingerprinting technique, random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR was eval... more In the present study, the fingerprinting technique, random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR was evaluated to characterize 13 strains of Lactobacillus brevis, isolated from different vegetable products of South Korea. Two primers i.e. 239 and KAY3 were used. The primer 239 produced bands ranged from 500-4,000 bp and KAY3 primer produced bands with sizes from 600-4,000 bp. Both primers produced thirteen different RAPD profiles. Phylogenetic dendrogram showed that all the isolates could be divided into six major clusters both the primers. However, a few strains of L. brevis had similar profiles and were not well differentiated by RAPD.
INROADS- An International Journal of Jaipur National University, 2016
Now-a-days plastic and rubber are everywhere. Plastic is found from agriculture to automobile sec... more Now-a-days plastic and rubber are everywhere. Plastic is found from agriculture to automobile sectors. The increasing numbers of vehicles on the roads generate millions of used tires every year. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency 290 million scrap tires were generated in 2003 (EPA, 2007). The disposal of these wastes is turning out to be a great problem. These are non-biodegradable products due to which these materials pose environmental pollution and problems, abnormalities and even a decline in quality of life. The recycled tire rubber can be used in new tires, tirederived fuel, in civil engineering application and products, and for various other purposes. But using these rubber and plastic wastes in pavement construction is being widely considered with great interest in many developing countries. The use of these materials in pavement construction is based on technical, economic, and ecological criteria. Several million metric tons plastic and rubber wastes are produced in India every year. If these materials are suitably operated in road construction, the pollution and disposal problems may be partly reduced. Keeping in mind the need for bulk use of these wastes in India, vast experimentation is construction, the pollution and disposal problems may be partly reduced. Keeping in mind the need for bulk use of these wastes in India, vast experimentation is being carried out to develop specifications and enhance their use in road construction. The benefits of using rubber modified asphalts or polymer aggregate bitumen are being more widely experienced and recognized unlike in India. More possibilities of using these materials should be developed for construction of low-volume roads in different parts of our country. A review of various plastic and rubber wastes and their advantages and disadvantages for use in the construction of roads have been discussed in this paper. Considering that these technologies are still struggling to be fully adopted worldwide, mainly because of poor information, lack of support of local policies, the present paper aims to be an updated reference to clarify benefits and issues associated with these sustainable and much needed technologies.
The extension of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with Multiple input multiple o... more The extension of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) in Wireless communication is nostrum to fading. This brilliant combination has potential to expedient high data rate requirements and high performance over various impugning channels i.e. Time selective and Frequency selective. This paper presents the Nakagami Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) fading channel simulation and the comparison of BER performance of the frequency domain equalizers i.e. Decision feedback and maximum likelihood detection (ML). The result is provided for two transmitter and two receiver, 16 QAM modulation. The simulation result shows that the high diversity gain stability can be acquired by using the domain equalizers for SFBC-OFDM in Nakagami frequency selective fading channel. The implementation of domain equalizers for SFBC-OFDM system for the arbitrary values of m minimizes the intersymbol interference (ISI). Ml is the best coding for minimizing the error probability.
Despite major advances in dentistry in terms of techniques, technologies and materials, anxiety r... more Despite major advances in dentistry in terms of techniques, technologies and materials, anxiety related to the dental environment and specific procedures is a significant and common problem faced by child patients worldwide and considered as an obstacle in providing quality dental care. Various aspects and factors are involved in the acquisition and development of dental anxiety in children. It not only concerns fear of pain or of invasive procedures, but also entails separation from the parents, confrontation with unfamiliar people and surroundings and the experience of loss of control [1]. In the Indian population, an estimated 6.3-9.4% of children between the age groups of 10-15 years suffer from dental fear [2]. A vicious cycle has been proposed in relation to dental fear whereby dental fear leads directly to the avoidance of dental visits, resulting in deterioration in oral health, leading to more problem-oriented visiting, which serves to maintain or exacerbate the person's level of dental fear. This avoidance creates feelings of shame, guilt and inferiority, further maintaining this negative spiral by reinforcing one's fear and avoidance behaviour [1]. AAPD has outlined a series of behaviour management techniques to deal with the problem, ranging from voice control, to distraction, to physical restraint. When all else fails, sedation with drugs such as nitrous oxide has been advocated [3]. Behaviour management techniques are meant to reduce the need for excessive and potentially unsafe use of medications. There is evidence to indicate that an integration of good behavioural techniques leads to better results, lessened drug requirements, greater patient safety and reduced side-effects [4]. The present trend advocates the use of non-aversive behaviour management techniques which may be equally effective and more acceptable to parents, patients and practitioners. In distraction, the patient's attention is diverted from what may be perceived as an unpleasant situation [5]. Audio distraction is a non-aversive distraction technique in which patients listen to music or stories during a stressful procedure. The accomplishment of audio distraction technique has been affirmed in medical setups however scanty literature is available to gauge the potency of this technique in terms of paediatric population [2]. Researchers have identified several mechanisms by which music works to reduce anxiety. The first is the Gate Control Theory of Pain, proposed by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall in 1965 [6]. This theory states that pain signals are transmitted from the place of injury, via nerve receptors in the spinal cord, to synapses that receive the pain information in the brain. Music is believed to send enough competing sensory inputs through pathways descending from the brain to cause the brainstem to signal some of the gates shut, thereby reducing the amount of pain that the patient listening to the music perceives [7]. A second mechanism is distraction. Noguchi defines this as "any
With the advances in cross-sectional imaging, bowel imaging has reached a new zenith. Multidetect... more With the advances in cross-sectional imaging, bowel imaging has reached a new zenith. Multidetector computed tomography (CT) is a frequently used modality because of its ease of performance in a few seconds as well as its easy availability these days. MR imaging is particularly useful in pediatric patients and in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) whereby frequent imaging is necessary to avoid CT-or fluoroscopy-associated radiation. Present-generation PET-CT or PET-MR imaging hybrid scanners combine the functional information of PET with state-of-the-art CT or MR imaging to provide information about disease activity with precise anatomic localization.
The Monte Carlo code SIMIND is used in nuclear medicine for research purposes, and also for testi... more The Monte Carlo code SIMIND is used in nuclear medicine for research purposes, and also for testing the validity of various applications. Conversion of a SIMIND-generated interfile (header and image data file) is required to process the simulated image data on a Xeleris workstation. Currently there is no conversion program provided with SIMIND to convert its interfile, which is acceptable in any nuclear medicine workstation. Manual editing of the header file is possible with any standard text editor but it is time-consuming (requiring ∼1 h) and stressful. To alleviate this, we have developed a conversion program using FreeMat V4.0 (an open source software similar to MATLAB from MathWorks). It takes an average of 0.04404 s to convert a SIMIND SPECT data interfile and make it acceptable to Xeleris.
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Papers by anshul sharma