ABSTRACT
Objective: To reveal the effect of the crude phenolic, alkaloid and
terpenoid compounds ... more ABSTRACT Objective: To reveal the effect of the crude phenolic, alkaloid and terpenoid compounds extracts of Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.) on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Methods: Antibacterial activities of the crude Phenolic, Alkaloid and Terpenoid of medicinal plant were determined by in vitro by agar well diffusion-method against some human pathogenic bacteria. Results: obtained results showed that active compounds of Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.) had wide spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that we can conclude that the effect of active compounds in same plant has different effect on different pathogenic organisms in different concentration. KEYWORDS: Antibacterial Activity; Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.); Pathogenic Bacteria.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the overall progress and contribution of
candidate gene associati... more ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the overall progress and contribution of candidate gene association to the genetic susceptibility to Leukemia. Materials and methods:Study population included patients with cancer from Babil province - Iraq. Whole blood 60 cases at consultant clinic in Babil province from October 2014 to January 2015. Out of the 60 cancer patients, there were 37 male and 23 female. The patient's age range was from 25 to 70 years. Nominated mutations in CYP2E1 (G- 1259C, in linkage disequilibrium with C-1019T), in MPO (G-463A) and in NQO1 (C609T and C465T) were investigated by allele-specific oligonucleotide. Results: The frequencies among ALL patients differed from those of the control group. In particular, we found that carriers of the CYP2E1*5 variant were more frequent among cases (11.7% vs. 0% in controls), suggesting that the predicted higher level of CYP2E1 might be associated with an increased risk of LEUKEMIA. Similarly, it's revealed that NQO1 variants (NQO1*3) were associated with an increased risk of A LEUKEMIA, particularly due to a higher prevalence of heterozygous individuals among cases relative to controls. Conclusion: It's revealed that genetic polymorphisms in both NQO1 and CYP2E1 play a role in the development of LEUKEMIA. This is in accordance with the involvement of these variants in other types of leukemia. KEYWORDS: Leukemia, CYP2E1, MPO, NQO!, polymorphism, PCR, Iraq.
Abstract
In Thi Qar there are relatively few studies have been done to reveal and classify diarrh... more Abstract In Thi Qar there are relatively few studies have been done to reveal and classify diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains among children with diarrhea. This study focused genetically at investigating DEC among hospitalized children under 2 years in Thi Qar city. A total of 200 children (Below 12 years) with diarrhea and 75 without diarrhea were their stools investigated using culture on MacConkey and EMB agar, and E. coli isolates were examined for detection of diarrheagenic E. coli types, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Virulence genes detected using PCR. A multiplex PCR system method was used to detect a species specific gene for E.coli and ten different virulence genes for detection of five pathogroups of DEC namely enteroaggregative- (EAEC), enteropathogenic- (EPEC), enterotoxigenic- (ETEC), enteroinvasive- (EIEC) and enterohemorghagic- Escherichia coli (EHEC). The study has indicated that diarrheagenic E. coli isolates were found mostly in stools of children with diarrhea. DEC diarrhoeagenic E. coli was significantly detected among diarrheic children (44.8%) compared with control children (16.4%). Of the DEC pathotypes examined, EAEC was found in (64.73%), ETEC in (19.5%), EPEC in (10.5%) and EHEC in (5.27%) of diarrheic. Virulence-gene factors in DEC isolated from children with diarrhea and from controls. The distribution of virulence gene was; pCVD432 93.6%, 87.3%; eaeA 64.2%, 8.5%; bfpA 59.1%, 2.05%; stx1 22.8%, 0.8%; stx2 18.6%, 0%; estA1 heat-stable (ST) 8.14%, 1.3%; estA2-4 heat-stable (ST) 14.6%, 0.2%; eltB heat-labile (LT) 43.1%, 0.4% in DEC and control children respectively. This study revealed high incidence of diarrheagenic E. coli isolates and high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among normal intestinal E. coli with typical EAEC and typical EPEC predominating. The use of primers for both variants of ST useful to detect the sensitivity for detection of ETEC strains of hospitalized children in Thi Qar. Key words: Diarrheagenic, , Escherichia coli, Virulence genes, Phylogenetic grouping, Antibiotic susceptibility, Thi Qar, DEC, EPEC, EHEC, ETEC, EAEC.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis is a serious public health problem distressing
many of people worl... more ABSTRACT Background: Hepatitis is a serious public health problem distressing many of people worldwide. Inadequate data is available on this issue in Iraq. This study was carry out with the aim of determining the genetic SNPs in human and risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among the general population and among blood donors. Methods: Blood samples from volunteers; have been screened with ELISA tests for detecting the hepatitis- surface antigen and using PCR for the same purpose. In addition we used some genes to study the prevalence of hepatitis severity with human genes polymorphism like IFNGR, IFN-γ and IL- 28B gene. Results: The characteristics of the 248 patients included in the study are described in with criteria including, Age as Characteristics feature, Residence type, Risk factor and Gender. Polymorphisms in the HBV patients revealed the presence of the polymorphism in IFNGR gene at chromosome 6 in position 137219896+137219995 among 47% of patients compare with healthy group 21%. Study of HBV with healthy group against other test genes revealed a marked significance in the IFN-γ genes. There was a strong association of the IFN-γ at chr12:68158673-68158792 with HBV compare with healthy controls 61.4% and 27.08% respectively. Profile of gene Expression with IL28B Genotype revealed that (19.6%) patients with CC genotype, (71.6%) with CT (patients) and patients (8.8%) with TT genotype among chronic viral hepatitis B patients. Conclusions: Our study provided much important information concerning hepatitis B prevalence and risk factors.
Abstract
Objective: To reveal the effect of the crude phenolic, alkaloid and terpenoid compounds ... more Abstract Objective: To reveal the effect of the crude phenolic, alkaloid and terpenoid compounds extracts of Lactuca serriola L. on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria.Methods: Antibacterial activities of the crude Phenolic, Alkaloid and Terpenoid of medicinal plant were determined by in vitro by agar diffusion-method against some human pathogenic bacteria.Results: obtained results showed that among nine pathogenic bacteria, only Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus Gram-positive were susceptible for Terpenoid, Alkaloid and Phenolic compounds while Staphylococcus epidermidis was resistant to active compounds.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that we can conclude that the effect of active compounds in same plant has different effect on different pathogenic organisms in different concentration. Keywords: Antibacterial Activity; Lactuca serriola L; Pathogenic Bacteria
Aims: Aspergillosis can be diagnosed using PCR. For this purpose, the genes encoding the 18S rRNA... more Aims: Aspergillosis can be diagnosed using PCR. For this purpose, the genes encoding the 18S rRNA, Calmodulin and Pepsin-like protease genes of Aspergillus niger, were elucidated. Genus specific sequences could be identified in region of 18S rRNA. Methodology: 24 fungal strains were isolated from different localities of Al-Hillah city. Isolates were screened for glucose oxidase production using submerged fermentation and molecular techniques like 18S rRNA. DNA was isolated and amplified using PCR. Gene sequencing was done and homology analysis was studied. Rate of glucose oxidase production was also analyzed. Results: The method described in this study represents a rapid and reliable procedure to assess the presence in food products of two ochratoxigenic species of section Nigri. Glucose oxidase hyper producing isolate was identified as A. niger strain. The F17 strain gave best reproducible results (87. 5±0.05U/g of cell mass) after 72 h. of fermentation at 30ºC and at a medium pH of 7.2.The 18srDNA was used to detect A. niger was very affective. The identification and isolation of tannase gene from A. niger which is considered as an important bioreactor and industrial fungus were reported Conclusion: Our results revealed that Glucose oxidase was produced naturally by A. niger in large quantity instead of using other manipulation techniques of genetic. The PCR technique we have used appears to be adequate to study a large group of microorganisms (fungi) and it help to identify risk of pathogenicity of aspergillosis. Keywords:Aspergillus niger, Calmodulin, Pepsin-like protease, 18S rRNA, aspergillosis, Tannase.
ABSTRACT Evaluation the role of interleukin-1 (IL- 1), interleukin-8 (IL- 8) and tumor necrosis f... more ABSTRACT Evaluation the role of interleukin-1 (IL- 1), interleukin-8 (IL- 8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in asthenospermic causes male infertility. In addition to revealed the prevalence of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Interleukin 1, IL-8 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha levels were measured in seminal plasma of in different groups of infertile males as well as in control men, using PCR technique to detect the infection of Chlamydia trachomatis by detection of KL gene (241bp). In addition to detect STS polymorphisms in Y-Chromosome by multiplex PCR procedure. The mean± SE of the cytokines for Normospermia IL-1 (24.4± 0.8), IL-8 (134.6 ± 15.4), TNF-α (7.14 ± 0.34). While the mean of the cytokines for asthenospermic IL-1 (48.8 ± 0.87), IL-8 (365.1 ± 8.8), and TNF-α (32.9 ± 1.186). There was significantly elevated in the levels of TNFα and Interleukin 1 in seminal fluid correlate with leukocyte counts and ratios in the same ejaculates, also there was significantly elevated in the levels of IL-8 in seminal levels among infertile groups compared to normal control subjects. Prevalence of C. trachomatis: (23.38%) of the sample from the Asthenospermic group gave 241 bp DNA band in agarose gel electrophoresis, in comparison to 5.19% among the control group. Cytokines and especially IL-1, 8 and TNFα may play a role in pathogenesis of male factor infertility and may be a part of infertility workup in near future. C. trachomatis infection was elevated among asthenospermic men compared with normospermic men.
Abstract:
Background:
The drug resistant phenomenon is being worldwide concern especially in the ... more Abstract: Background: The drug resistant phenomenon is being worldwide concern especially in the last 20 years. Among the most threatening antibiotic-resistant pathogens known are strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), they are resistant to ß-lactams and other cell-wall-active agents. In many developing countries, the situation appears gloomy due to inadequate or poor implementation of policy on infection control, lack of political will, inadequate resources including shortage of skilled manpower, poor motivation of health care workers and researchers. Objective: The present study tries to describe an accurate and quick detection for of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance gene of Staphylococcus aureus using PCR technique. Methodology: The mec A gene was amplified to characterize MRSA isolates at species level. The S. aureus isolates were analyzed for their susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. Results: Of the total 429 Staphylococcus aureus isolated, 114 (26.54%) strains were MRSA. MSRA strains were selected for PCR assay. Eighty one MRSA strains (71.05%) were mecA gene positive and thirty three (28.95%) MRSA strains were mecA negative visualized on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Conclusions: The PCR assay was rapid and accurate procedure for the detection mec A gene of MRSA strains as compared to the conventional methods like cutler, biochemical and microscopically since the time was taken is less and can help efficiently in infection management. Keywords: mec A, fem A, MRSA, SCC, PBP2a, PCR, genes, Staphylococcus aureus
OBJECTIVES:
To revealed the incidence of TORCH infections among pregnancy wastage in women which ... more OBJECTIVES: To revealed the incidence of TORCH infections among pregnancy wastage in women which had bad obstetric history (BOH). METHODS: The study included 132 women with bad obstetric history. Genetic evaluation for TORCH infections was carried out by specific primers designed for that purpose using PCR method. RESULT: Toxoplasma was 36.36%, rubella 20.45%, cytomegalovirus 29.55% and herpes simplex virus 13.64%. Maximum number of cases of abortion 52 (39.39%), preterm labor 29 (21.96%) was associated with toxoplasma infection, early neonatal deaths 19 (14.39%) were maximally associated with toxoplasma and CMV infections. while congenital malformations 14 (10.6%) were evident maximally with toxoplasma infection and intrauterine death 8 (6.06%). CONCLUSIONS: Women with BOH are significantly higher in infection compared with that in control. A previous history of pregnancy wastage, genetic infestation using specific primers for TORCH agent’s detection and the serological reaction for TORCH infections during current pregnancy must be considered while managing BOH cases so as to reduce the adverse fetal outcome.
Abstract
In this study, 200 patients (100 male and 100 female) suffering from Urinary tract infec... more Abstract In this study, 200 patients (100 male and 100 female) suffering from Urinary tract infection who presented to the Emergency Department of Babylon Maternity and Children Hospital and Al-Hillah educational Hospital from October\2012 to February\2013 underwent a history and physical examination. In this study, Escherichia coli formed the major causative agent (10.8% in male and 13.2% in female) followed by staphylococcus aureus (5.4% in male and 4% in female), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4% in male and 4.6% in female). All isolates were tested for the sensitivity to Amikacin, Chloromphenicol, Nitrofurantoin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows sensitivity with Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin, Proteus species shows sensitivity with Amikacin, Amoxicillin , Cefodizime, Cefoxitin, Cephalexin, Gentamycin, , Norfloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates shows sensitivity with Amikacin, Norfloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin. Our investigation showed that from the 200 patients with UTI, 62 male and 84 had pyuria > 5 WBCs/hpf, 84 male and 75 female had pyuria >10 WBCs/mL, 86 male and 64 female had CRP >24 mg/L, 67 male and 70 female had ESR >35 mm/hour, and 69 male and 55 female had WBC >15 000/mL.
Abstract:
Objective: To reveal the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated with lower respir... more Abstract: Objective: To reveal the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated with lower respiratory system infections (LRI) in children under 6 years old. Methods: RSV antigen was detected in the children aged less than 2 years by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), performed on nasopharyngeal specimens from children admitted to children and maternity hospital in addition to those who came to outer clinic in Al-Hillah city, Iraq. Results: Among children aged < 2 years, the incidence of RSV-associated LRI per 350 child-years was 68 positive cases. The majority of RSV cases occurred in infants. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that RSV contributes to variable burden of LRI in children aged < 2 years in Al-Hillah city, Iraq. The probable descriptions for this deviation are social factors, patterns of seeking health care and differences in clinical characterizations used for obtaining samples. The age distribution of cases indicates the need for an RSV vaccine that can protect children early in life. Keywords: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); Respiratory tract infections (RTI); Infant.
Abstract
Aim:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) considered as most important bacteria which... more Abstract Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) considered as most important bacteria which can isolated from various kinds of infection. This study tries to survey the infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa especially medical and surgical care units and try to reveal the antimicrobial agents susceptibility against Ps. aeruginosa. Material and Method: This study was conducted during September 2012 to February 2013. During this period total of 285 samples were tested and showed growth of bacteria. The isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected on the basis of their growth on Nutrient agar pigmented and non-pigmented colonies with oxidase positive and on routine MacConkey medium which showed lactose Non-fermenting pale colonies. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all the isolates was performed using disc-diffusion (Modified-Kirby Baur method) according to CLSIs guidelines. Result: In present study, maximum isolates of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from various samples. The isolates were obtained from different clinical specimens, including pus, urine, respiratory fluids, blood, tissue, and genitalia. All the clinically isolated samples were identified as P. aeruginosa. Out of 285, 74.04% are males and 25.96% are females. Most of patients were aged between 27-48 years. Approximately half the isolates tested were from community patients, mostly from infections of the Wound/Pus (22.46%), urinary tract (22.11%), Swab (18.6%) and Respiratory Tract (15.09%). P. aeruginosa strains screened showed sensitivity to AK \Amikacin, E \Erythromycin and P\Penicillin while showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and norfloxacin, AX \Amoxicillin, AMC \Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, AZM \Azithromycin. Conclusion: To prevent the spread of the resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antibiotic policies while surveillance programs for multidrug resistant organisms and infection control procedures need to be implemented.
Abstract:
Objective: Evaluation the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-18... more Abstract: Objective: Evaluation the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-18 (IL- 18) in male infertility.
Intervention: Interleukin 1, IL-18 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha levels were measured in seminal plasma of in different groups of infertile males as well as in control men.
Results: The mean of the cytokines for Normospermia IL-1 24.11, IL-18 327.50, TNF-α 7.05. While the mean of the cytokines for Oligospermia IL-1 48.25, IL-18 584.60, and TNF-α 32.50. For the Azoospermia The mean of the cytokines IL-1 55.03, IL-18 741.30, TNF-α 35.73. There was significantly elevated in the levels of TNFα and Interleukin 1 in seminal fluid correlate with leukocyte counts and ratios in the same ejaculates, also there was significantly elevated in the levels of IL-18 in seminal levels among infertile groups compared to normal control subjects.
Conclusions: Cytokines and especially IL-18 and TNFα may play a role in pathogenesis of male factor infertility and may be a part of infertility workup in near future.
Abstract:
Background: This is an aerobic bacteriological study of acute otitis media to identify ... more Abstract: Background: This is an aerobic bacteriological study of acute otitis media to identify common pathogens and to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Otitis media is a major health problem of children in low income countries. Objectives: This study was done to determine the bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility of otitis media from children under 10 years old. Methods: Infected samples were collected from sixty (190) children under ten years old suffering from otitis media from out clinic and Al-Hillah education Hospital in babil, Iraq. Over a 9 months period (September 2012 to May 2013). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disc diffusion technique as per the standard Kirby-Bauer method. Results: In this study, 48% of patients were males and 52% were females. Patients ranged in age from 0 to 8 years old. 34 percent of patients had no previous visit and regular treatment. The results of the bacteriological studies on the 190 cases showed that microbiological culture was yielded from 190 samples. Pure cultures consist of (166/30.1%) had a single organism isolated from the middle ear discharge, while the remaining or Mixed growth (367/66.37%) had two or more organisms isolated. There were (20/3.62%) samples who had a no culture with any microorganism isolated Conclusion: Otitis media linked with high levels of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria is a major health concern in all age groups of the study population. There is a need for culture and susceptibility test facilities for appropriate antimicrobial therapy of otitis media and antimicrobial resistant infections.
Abstract
In this work 180 blood samples was collected from pregnant women in Babylon province, Ba... more Abstract In this work 180 blood samples was collected from pregnant women in Babylon province, Babylon maternity and children hospital from October/2008 to April/2009. It revealed that TORCH infections was; Cytomegalovirus formed (CMV) 57.2% followed by Toxoplasma gondii 55.5% Rubella 53.9%, Herpes simplex II 28.9% and Chlamydia trachomatis 24.4%. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes IgM Antibodies according to various obstetric losses showed that Abortions happened in all causes with high percentage (Over than 30%) except Herpes infections (less than 6%), while congenital anomalies and premature delivery formed high ratio with some different in some cases. Neonatal deaths are very low under 1% except in CMV infections which formed 4.9%. Distribution of age with type of infection according IgM Antibodies to Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex revealed that major age group for infection was between <20 to 40 years which formed more than two third of all infection cases. Residential distribution with type of infection according IgM Antibodies shows that most infection occurred in rural area (over than 50% in all agents) except in Herpes simplex infections which formed 82.7% in urban area. TORCH (Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex) infections with incidence of abortion in pregnant women in this study revealed that First trimester was the highest ratio of infection than other two trimesters.
Abstract
This study was done on the 142 patients suffering from meningitis infection depending on... more Abstract This study was done on the 142 patients suffering from meningitis infection depending on the physician's diagnosis from January 2009 to June 2009. Most specimens was collected in Babylon maternity and children hospital because the age group in this study was (<1-10 years). Blood and CSF specimens were collected, microbiological and biochemical tests were carried. obtained results showed that the most common bacterial causing meningitis was Streptococcus pneumoniae (23.94%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.197%), Neisseria meningitides (14.084%), Escherichia coli (14.084%), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (11.97%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.338%), Staphylococcus spp. (3.521%) and Acinetobacter spp (1.408%), while Negative Culture formed (8.45%). Physiological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in acute bacterial meningitis showed that protein (mg/dl)>500, glucose <40 mg%, CSF/blood glucose <0.4, CRP > 24 mg/L, PMN (%)>80 and white blood cell (cells/mm3) different than normal values indicated of bacterial acute meningitis. Corresponding factors associated with acute bacterial meningitis like sinusitis, cirrhosis, pneumonia, chronic otitis media, diabetes mellitus and malignancy was reported. Age and sex distribution of meningitis causes revealed that the main age group of infection was (<1-5 years) and there is no significant differences between male and female infections. Keywords: Meningitis, Bacteria, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitides
Abstract
Objectives: To identify bacterial species present in the lower genital tract of males an... more Abstract Objectives: To identify bacterial species present in the lower genital tract of males and to investigate the relationship with semen quality and male infertility. Methods: The microscopic analyses, cultures and ELISA technique of 175 semen and serum specimens, collected over 9 months from males investigated for infertility, were prospectively assessed. Results: One hundred and seventy five seminal fluid, blood and serum specimens were collected from men investigated for infertility over a period of 9 months (from April 2011 to December 2011) were analyzed. The seminal fluids and serum of patients mentioned to the laboratory from the fertility clinics of Babylon maternity and children Hospital and outer clinics. The results had shown that from 17 microbial species there are, Ureaplasma urealyticum 4.938272 %, Ureaplasma parvum 2.160494 %, Mycoplasma hominis 2.469136 %, Mycoplasma genetalium 5.864198 %, Chlamydia trachomatis 9.876543 %, Streptococcus pyogenes 8.641975 % , Staphylococcus aureus 11.11111 %, Staphylococcus epidermidis 12.03704 %, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 0.925926 %, Escherichia coli 20.06173 %, Proteus mirabilis 1.234568 %, Proteus vulgaris 2.469136 %, Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.925926 %, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa 1.54321 %, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2.777778 %, Toxoplasma gondii 6.17284 % and Candida 6.790123 %. Also the infection with microorganisms revealed that it is higher in azoospermic patients than normospermic group (control). Keywords: Male infertility, ELISA technique, Bacterial infection.
The main objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition in the leaves of
... more The main objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition in the leaves of Coriandrum sativum, using methanolic extraction and report the main functional components by using IR technique. The phytochemical compounds in the extract were then screened by GC-MS method. Seven bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of C. sativum: 1,6- octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl, 1,6-octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl, 2-aminobenzoate, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2- one,1,7,7-trimethyl., geranyl vinyl ether, 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol., ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate and 7aH-cyclopenta[a] cyclopropa[f]cycloundecene. Thirteen bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Melia azedarach. In the present investigation, a variety of compounds have been detected in M. azedarach including trichloromethane, propanedioic acid, diethyl ester, 2-pyrrolidinyl-methylamine, butanedioic acid, diethyl ester, 2- piperidimethanamine, butanedioic acid, hydroxyl-, diethyl ester, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5- dihydroperoxide, dithiocarbamate, s-methyl-,n-(2-methyl-3-oxobutyl), triethyl citrate, y-sitosterol, ethyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, and octadecane, 3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl). It contains chemical constitutions which may be useful for various herbal formulation as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, cardiac tonic and antiasthamatic. C. sativum is highly active against Aspergillus terreus 6.01 ± 0.200. Bioactive compounds of C. sativum and M. azedarach were assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia using the diffusion method in agar. The zone of inhibition was compared with different standard antibiotics. The diameters of inhibition zones ranged from 5.60 ± 0.320 to 1.96 ± 0.200 mm for all treatments.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To reveal the effect of the crude phenolic, alkaloid and
terpenoid compounds ... more ABSTRACT Objective: To reveal the effect of the crude phenolic, alkaloid and terpenoid compounds extracts of Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.) on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Methods: Antibacterial activities of the crude Phenolic, Alkaloid and Terpenoid of medicinal plant were determined by in vitro by agar well diffusion-method against some human pathogenic bacteria. Results: obtained results showed that active compounds of Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.) had wide spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that we can conclude that the effect of active compounds in same plant has different effect on different pathogenic organisms in different concentration. KEYWORDS: Antibacterial Activity; Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.); Pathogenic Bacteria.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the overall progress and contribution of
candidate gene associati... more ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the overall progress and contribution of candidate gene association to the genetic susceptibility to Leukemia. Materials and methods:Study population included patients with cancer from Babil province - Iraq. Whole blood 60 cases at consultant clinic in Babil province from October 2014 to January 2015. Out of the 60 cancer patients, there were 37 male and 23 female. The patient's age range was from 25 to 70 years. Nominated mutations in CYP2E1 (G- 1259C, in linkage disequilibrium with C-1019T), in MPO (G-463A) and in NQO1 (C609T and C465T) were investigated by allele-specific oligonucleotide. Results: The frequencies among ALL patients differed from those of the control group. In particular, we found that carriers of the CYP2E1*5 variant were more frequent among cases (11.7% vs. 0% in controls), suggesting that the predicted higher level of CYP2E1 might be associated with an increased risk of LEUKEMIA. Similarly, it's revealed that NQO1 variants (NQO1*3) were associated with an increased risk of A LEUKEMIA, particularly due to a higher prevalence of heterozygous individuals among cases relative to controls. Conclusion: It's revealed that genetic polymorphisms in both NQO1 and CYP2E1 play a role in the development of LEUKEMIA. This is in accordance with the involvement of these variants in other types of leukemia. KEYWORDS: Leukemia, CYP2E1, MPO, NQO!, polymorphism, PCR, Iraq.
Abstract
In Thi Qar there are relatively few studies have been done to reveal and classify diarrh... more Abstract In Thi Qar there are relatively few studies have been done to reveal and classify diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains among children with diarrhea. This study focused genetically at investigating DEC among hospitalized children under 2 years in Thi Qar city. A total of 200 children (Below 12 years) with diarrhea and 75 without diarrhea were their stools investigated using culture on MacConkey and EMB agar, and E. coli isolates were examined for detection of diarrheagenic E. coli types, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Virulence genes detected using PCR. A multiplex PCR system method was used to detect a species specific gene for E.coli and ten different virulence genes for detection of five pathogroups of DEC namely enteroaggregative- (EAEC), enteropathogenic- (EPEC), enterotoxigenic- (ETEC), enteroinvasive- (EIEC) and enterohemorghagic- Escherichia coli (EHEC). The study has indicated that diarrheagenic E. coli isolates were found mostly in stools of children with diarrhea. DEC diarrhoeagenic E. coli was significantly detected among diarrheic children (44.8%) compared with control children (16.4%). Of the DEC pathotypes examined, EAEC was found in (64.73%), ETEC in (19.5%), EPEC in (10.5%) and EHEC in (5.27%) of diarrheic. Virulence-gene factors in DEC isolated from children with diarrhea and from controls. The distribution of virulence gene was; pCVD432 93.6%, 87.3%; eaeA 64.2%, 8.5%; bfpA 59.1%, 2.05%; stx1 22.8%, 0.8%; stx2 18.6%, 0%; estA1 heat-stable (ST) 8.14%, 1.3%; estA2-4 heat-stable (ST) 14.6%, 0.2%; eltB heat-labile (LT) 43.1%, 0.4% in DEC and control children respectively. This study revealed high incidence of diarrheagenic E. coli isolates and high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among normal intestinal E. coli with typical EAEC and typical EPEC predominating. The use of primers for both variants of ST useful to detect the sensitivity for detection of ETEC strains of hospitalized children in Thi Qar. Key words: Diarrheagenic, , Escherichia coli, Virulence genes, Phylogenetic grouping, Antibiotic susceptibility, Thi Qar, DEC, EPEC, EHEC, ETEC, EAEC.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis is a serious public health problem distressing
many of people worl... more ABSTRACT Background: Hepatitis is a serious public health problem distressing many of people worldwide. Inadequate data is available on this issue in Iraq. This study was carry out with the aim of determining the genetic SNPs in human and risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among the general population and among blood donors. Methods: Blood samples from volunteers; have been screened with ELISA tests for detecting the hepatitis- surface antigen and using PCR for the same purpose. In addition we used some genes to study the prevalence of hepatitis severity with human genes polymorphism like IFNGR, IFN-γ and IL- 28B gene. Results: The characteristics of the 248 patients included in the study are described in with criteria including, Age as Characteristics feature, Residence type, Risk factor and Gender. Polymorphisms in the HBV patients revealed the presence of the polymorphism in IFNGR gene at chromosome 6 in position 137219896+137219995 among 47% of patients compare with healthy group 21%. Study of HBV with healthy group against other test genes revealed a marked significance in the IFN-γ genes. There was a strong association of the IFN-γ at chr12:68158673-68158792 with HBV compare with healthy controls 61.4% and 27.08% respectively. Profile of gene Expression with IL28B Genotype revealed that (19.6%) patients with CC genotype, (71.6%) with CT (patients) and patients (8.8%) with TT genotype among chronic viral hepatitis B patients. Conclusions: Our study provided much important information concerning hepatitis B prevalence and risk factors.
Abstract
Objective: To reveal the effect of the crude phenolic, alkaloid and terpenoid compounds ... more Abstract Objective: To reveal the effect of the crude phenolic, alkaloid and terpenoid compounds extracts of Lactuca serriola L. on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria.Methods: Antibacterial activities of the crude Phenolic, Alkaloid and Terpenoid of medicinal plant were determined by in vitro by agar diffusion-method against some human pathogenic bacteria.Results: obtained results showed that among nine pathogenic bacteria, only Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus Gram-positive were susceptible for Terpenoid, Alkaloid and Phenolic compounds while Staphylococcus epidermidis was resistant to active compounds.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that we can conclude that the effect of active compounds in same plant has different effect on different pathogenic organisms in different concentration. Keywords: Antibacterial Activity; Lactuca serriola L; Pathogenic Bacteria
Aims: Aspergillosis can be diagnosed using PCR. For this purpose, the genes encoding the 18S rRNA... more Aims: Aspergillosis can be diagnosed using PCR. For this purpose, the genes encoding the 18S rRNA, Calmodulin and Pepsin-like protease genes of Aspergillus niger, were elucidated. Genus specific sequences could be identified in region of 18S rRNA. Methodology: 24 fungal strains were isolated from different localities of Al-Hillah city. Isolates were screened for glucose oxidase production using submerged fermentation and molecular techniques like 18S rRNA. DNA was isolated and amplified using PCR. Gene sequencing was done and homology analysis was studied. Rate of glucose oxidase production was also analyzed. Results: The method described in this study represents a rapid and reliable procedure to assess the presence in food products of two ochratoxigenic species of section Nigri. Glucose oxidase hyper producing isolate was identified as A. niger strain. The F17 strain gave best reproducible results (87. 5±0.05U/g of cell mass) after 72 h. of fermentation at 30ºC and at a medium pH of 7.2.The 18srDNA was used to detect A. niger was very affective. The identification and isolation of tannase gene from A. niger which is considered as an important bioreactor and industrial fungus were reported Conclusion: Our results revealed that Glucose oxidase was produced naturally by A. niger in large quantity instead of using other manipulation techniques of genetic. The PCR technique we have used appears to be adequate to study a large group of microorganisms (fungi) and it help to identify risk of pathogenicity of aspergillosis. Keywords:Aspergillus niger, Calmodulin, Pepsin-like protease, 18S rRNA, aspergillosis, Tannase.
ABSTRACT Evaluation the role of interleukin-1 (IL- 1), interleukin-8 (IL- 8) and tumor necrosis f... more ABSTRACT Evaluation the role of interleukin-1 (IL- 1), interleukin-8 (IL- 8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in asthenospermic causes male infertility. In addition to revealed the prevalence of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Interleukin 1, IL-8 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha levels were measured in seminal plasma of in different groups of infertile males as well as in control men, using PCR technique to detect the infection of Chlamydia trachomatis by detection of KL gene (241bp). In addition to detect STS polymorphisms in Y-Chromosome by multiplex PCR procedure. The mean± SE of the cytokines for Normospermia IL-1 (24.4± 0.8), IL-8 (134.6 ± 15.4), TNF-α (7.14 ± 0.34). While the mean of the cytokines for asthenospermic IL-1 (48.8 ± 0.87), IL-8 (365.1 ± 8.8), and TNF-α (32.9 ± 1.186). There was significantly elevated in the levels of TNFα and Interleukin 1 in seminal fluid correlate with leukocyte counts and ratios in the same ejaculates, also there was significantly elevated in the levels of IL-8 in seminal levels among infertile groups compared to normal control subjects. Prevalence of C. trachomatis: (23.38%) of the sample from the Asthenospermic group gave 241 bp DNA band in agarose gel electrophoresis, in comparison to 5.19% among the control group. Cytokines and especially IL-1, 8 and TNFα may play a role in pathogenesis of male factor infertility and may be a part of infertility workup in near future. C. trachomatis infection was elevated among asthenospermic men compared with normospermic men.
Abstract:
Background:
The drug resistant phenomenon is being worldwide concern especially in the ... more Abstract: Background: The drug resistant phenomenon is being worldwide concern especially in the last 20 years. Among the most threatening antibiotic-resistant pathogens known are strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), they are resistant to ß-lactams and other cell-wall-active agents. In many developing countries, the situation appears gloomy due to inadequate or poor implementation of policy on infection control, lack of political will, inadequate resources including shortage of skilled manpower, poor motivation of health care workers and researchers. Objective: The present study tries to describe an accurate and quick detection for of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance gene of Staphylococcus aureus using PCR technique. Methodology: The mec A gene was amplified to characterize MRSA isolates at species level. The S. aureus isolates were analyzed for their susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. Results: Of the total 429 Staphylococcus aureus isolated, 114 (26.54%) strains were MRSA. MSRA strains were selected for PCR assay. Eighty one MRSA strains (71.05%) were mecA gene positive and thirty three (28.95%) MRSA strains were mecA negative visualized on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Conclusions: The PCR assay was rapid and accurate procedure for the detection mec A gene of MRSA strains as compared to the conventional methods like cutler, biochemical and microscopically since the time was taken is less and can help efficiently in infection management. Keywords: mec A, fem A, MRSA, SCC, PBP2a, PCR, genes, Staphylococcus aureus
OBJECTIVES:
To revealed the incidence of TORCH infections among pregnancy wastage in women which ... more OBJECTIVES: To revealed the incidence of TORCH infections among pregnancy wastage in women which had bad obstetric history (BOH). METHODS: The study included 132 women with bad obstetric history. Genetic evaluation for TORCH infections was carried out by specific primers designed for that purpose using PCR method. RESULT: Toxoplasma was 36.36%, rubella 20.45%, cytomegalovirus 29.55% and herpes simplex virus 13.64%. Maximum number of cases of abortion 52 (39.39%), preterm labor 29 (21.96%) was associated with toxoplasma infection, early neonatal deaths 19 (14.39%) were maximally associated with toxoplasma and CMV infections. while congenital malformations 14 (10.6%) were evident maximally with toxoplasma infection and intrauterine death 8 (6.06%). CONCLUSIONS: Women with BOH are significantly higher in infection compared with that in control. A previous history of pregnancy wastage, genetic infestation using specific primers for TORCH agent’s detection and the serological reaction for TORCH infections during current pregnancy must be considered while managing BOH cases so as to reduce the adverse fetal outcome.
Abstract
In this study, 200 patients (100 male and 100 female) suffering from Urinary tract infec... more Abstract In this study, 200 patients (100 male and 100 female) suffering from Urinary tract infection who presented to the Emergency Department of Babylon Maternity and Children Hospital and Al-Hillah educational Hospital from October\2012 to February\2013 underwent a history and physical examination. In this study, Escherichia coli formed the major causative agent (10.8% in male and 13.2% in female) followed by staphylococcus aureus (5.4% in male and 4% in female), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4% in male and 4.6% in female). All isolates were tested for the sensitivity to Amikacin, Chloromphenicol, Nitrofurantoin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows sensitivity with Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin, Proteus species shows sensitivity with Amikacin, Amoxicillin , Cefodizime, Cefoxitin, Cephalexin, Gentamycin, , Norfloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates shows sensitivity with Amikacin, Norfloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin. Our investigation showed that from the 200 patients with UTI, 62 male and 84 had pyuria > 5 WBCs/hpf, 84 male and 75 female had pyuria >10 WBCs/mL, 86 male and 64 female had CRP >24 mg/L, 67 male and 70 female had ESR >35 mm/hour, and 69 male and 55 female had WBC >15 000/mL.
Abstract:
Objective: To reveal the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated with lower respir... more Abstract: Objective: To reveal the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated with lower respiratory system infections (LRI) in children under 6 years old. Methods: RSV antigen was detected in the children aged less than 2 years by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), performed on nasopharyngeal specimens from children admitted to children and maternity hospital in addition to those who came to outer clinic in Al-Hillah city, Iraq. Results: Among children aged < 2 years, the incidence of RSV-associated LRI per 350 child-years was 68 positive cases. The majority of RSV cases occurred in infants. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that RSV contributes to variable burden of LRI in children aged < 2 years in Al-Hillah city, Iraq. The probable descriptions for this deviation are social factors, patterns of seeking health care and differences in clinical characterizations used for obtaining samples. The age distribution of cases indicates the need for an RSV vaccine that can protect children early in life. Keywords: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); Respiratory tract infections (RTI); Infant.
Abstract
Aim:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) considered as most important bacteria which... more Abstract Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) considered as most important bacteria which can isolated from various kinds of infection. This study tries to survey the infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa especially medical and surgical care units and try to reveal the antimicrobial agents susceptibility against Ps. aeruginosa. Material and Method: This study was conducted during September 2012 to February 2013. During this period total of 285 samples were tested and showed growth of bacteria. The isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected on the basis of their growth on Nutrient agar pigmented and non-pigmented colonies with oxidase positive and on routine MacConkey medium which showed lactose Non-fermenting pale colonies. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all the isolates was performed using disc-diffusion (Modified-Kirby Baur method) according to CLSIs guidelines. Result: In present study, maximum isolates of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from various samples. The isolates were obtained from different clinical specimens, including pus, urine, respiratory fluids, blood, tissue, and genitalia. All the clinically isolated samples were identified as P. aeruginosa. Out of 285, 74.04% are males and 25.96% are females. Most of patients were aged between 27-48 years. Approximately half the isolates tested were from community patients, mostly from infections of the Wound/Pus (22.46%), urinary tract (22.11%), Swab (18.6%) and Respiratory Tract (15.09%). P. aeruginosa strains screened showed sensitivity to AK \Amikacin, E \Erythromycin and P\Penicillin while showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and norfloxacin, AX \Amoxicillin, AMC \Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, AZM \Azithromycin. Conclusion: To prevent the spread of the resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antibiotic policies while surveillance programs for multidrug resistant organisms and infection control procedures need to be implemented.
Abstract:
Objective: Evaluation the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-18... more Abstract: Objective: Evaluation the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-18 (IL- 18) in male infertility.
Intervention: Interleukin 1, IL-18 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha levels were measured in seminal plasma of in different groups of infertile males as well as in control men.
Results: The mean of the cytokines for Normospermia IL-1 24.11, IL-18 327.50, TNF-α 7.05. While the mean of the cytokines for Oligospermia IL-1 48.25, IL-18 584.60, and TNF-α 32.50. For the Azoospermia The mean of the cytokines IL-1 55.03, IL-18 741.30, TNF-α 35.73. There was significantly elevated in the levels of TNFα and Interleukin 1 in seminal fluid correlate with leukocyte counts and ratios in the same ejaculates, also there was significantly elevated in the levels of IL-18 in seminal levels among infertile groups compared to normal control subjects.
Conclusions: Cytokines and especially IL-18 and TNFα may play a role in pathogenesis of male factor infertility and may be a part of infertility workup in near future.
Abstract:
Background: This is an aerobic bacteriological study of acute otitis media to identify ... more Abstract: Background: This is an aerobic bacteriological study of acute otitis media to identify common pathogens and to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Otitis media is a major health problem of children in low income countries. Objectives: This study was done to determine the bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility of otitis media from children under 10 years old. Methods: Infected samples were collected from sixty (190) children under ten years old suffering from otitis media from out clinic and Al-Hillah education Hospital in babil, Iraq. Over a 9 months period (September 2012 to May 2013). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disc diffusion technique as per the standard Kirby-Bauer method. Results: In this study, 48% of patients were males and 52% were females. Patients ranged in age from 0 to 8 years old. 34 percent of patients had no previous visit and regular treatment. The results of the bacteriological studies on the 190 cases showed that microbiological culture was yielded from 190 samples. Pure cultures consist of (166/30.1%) had a single organism isolated from the middle ear discharge, while the remaining or Mixed growth (367/66.37%) had two or more organisms isolated. There were (20/3.62%) samples who had a no culture with any microorganism isolated Conclusion: Otitis media linked with high levels of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria is a major health concern in all age groups of the study population. There is a need for culture and susceptibility test facilities for appropriate antimicrobial therapy of otitis media and antimicrobial resistant infections.
Abstract
In this work 180 blood samples was collected from pregnant women in Babylon province, Ba... more Abstract In this work 180 blood samples was collected from pregnant women in Babylon province, Babylon maternity and children hospital from October/2008 to April/2009. It revealed that TORCH infections was; Cytomegalovirus formed (CMV) 57.2% followed by Toxoplasma gondii 55.5% Rubella 53.9%, Herpes simplex II 28.9% and Chlamydia trachomatis 24.4%. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes IgM Antibodies according to various obstetric losses showed that Abortions happened in all causes with high percentage (Over than 30%) except Herpes infections (less than 6%), while congenital anomalies and premature delivery formed high ratio with some different in some cases. Neonatal deaths are very low under 1% except in CMV infections which formed 4.9%. Distribution of age with type of infection according IgM Antibodies to Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex revealed that major age group for infection was between <20 to 40 years which formed more than two third of all infection cases. Residential distribution with type of infection according IgM Antibodies shows that most infection occurred in rural area (over than 50% in all agents) except in Herpes simplex infections which formed 82.7% in urban area. TORCH (Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex) infections with incidence of abortion in pregnant women in this study revealed that First trimester was the highest ratio of infection than other two trimesters.
Abstract
This study was done on the 142 patients suffering from meningitis infection depending on... more Abstract This study was done on the 142 patients suffering from meningitis infection depending on the physician's diagnosis from January 2009 to June 2009. Most specimens was collected in Babylon maternity and children hospital because the age group in this study was (<1-10 years). Blood and CSF specimens were collected, microbiological and biochemical tests were carried. obtained results showed that the most common bacterial causing meningitis was Streptococcus pneumoniae (23.94%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.197%), Neisseria meningitides (14.084%), Escherichia coli (14.084%), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (11.97%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.338%), Staphylococcus spp. (3.521%) and Acinetobacter spp (1.408%), while Negative Culture formed (8.45%). Physiological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in acute bacterial meningitis showed that protein (mg/dl)>500, glucose <40 mg%, CSF/blood glucose <0.4, CRP > 24 mg/L, PMN (%)>80 and white blood cell (cells/mm3) different than normal values indicated of bacterial acute meningitis. Corresponding factors associated with acute bacterial meningitis like sinusitis, cirrhosis, pneumonia, chronic otitis media, diabetes mellitus and malignancy was reported. Age and sex distribution of meningitis causes revealed that the main age group of infection was (<1-5 years) and there is no significant differences between male and female infections. Keywords: Meningitis, Bacteria, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitides
Abstract
Objectives: To identify bacterial species present in the lower genital tract of males an... more Abstract Objectives: To identify bacterial species present in the lower genital tract of males and to investigate the relationship with semen quality and male infertility. Methods: The microscopic analyses, cultures and ELISA technique of 175 semen and serum specimens, collected over 9 months from males investigated for infertility, were prospectively assessed. Results: One hundred and seventy five seminal fluid, blood and serum specimens were collected from men investigated for infertility over a period of 9 months (from April 2011 to December 2011) were analyzed. The seminal fluids and serum of patients mentioned to the laboratory from the fertility clinics of Babylon maternity and children Hospital and outer clinics. The results had shown that from 17 microbial species there are, Ureaplasma urealyticum 4.938272 %, Ureaplasma parvum 2.160494 %, Mycoplasma hominis 2.469136 %, Mycoplasma genetalium 5.864198 %, Chlamydia trachomatis 9.876543 %, Streptococcus pyogenes 8.641975 % , Staphylococcus aureus 11.11111 %, Staphylococcus epidermidis 12.03704 %, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 0.925926 %, Escherichia coli 20.06173 %, Proteus mirabilis 1.234568 %, Proteus vulgaris 2.469136 %, Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.925926 %, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa 1.54321 %, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2.777778 %, Toxoplasma gondii 6.17284 % and Candida 6.790123 %. Also the infection with microorganisms revealed that it is higher in azoospermic patients than normospermic group (control). Keywords: Male infertility, ELISA technique, Bacterial infection.
The main objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition in the leaves of
... more The main objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition in the leaves of Coriandrum sativum, using methanolic extraction and report the main functional components by using IR technique. The phytochemical compounds in the extract were then screened by GC-MS method. Seven bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of C. sativum: 1,6- octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl, 1,6-octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl, 2-aminobenzoate, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2- one,1,7,7-trimethyl., geranyl vinyl ether, 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol., ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate and 7aH-cyclopenta[a] cyclopropa[f]cycloundecene. Thirteen bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Melia azedarach. In the present investigation, a variety of compounds have been detected in M. azedarach including trichloromethane, propanedioic acid, diethyl ester, 2-pyrrolidinyl-methylamine, butanedioic acid, diethyl ester, 2- piperidimethanamine, butanedioic acid, hydroxyl-, diethyl ester, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5- dihydroperoxide, dithiocarbamate, s-methyl-,n-(2-methyl-3-oxobutyl), triethyl citrate, y-sitosterol, ethyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, and octadecane, 3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl). It contains chemical constitutions which may be useful for various herbal formulation as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, cardiac tonic and antiasthamatic. C. sativum is highly active against Aspergillus terreus 6.01 ± 0.200. Bioactive compounds of C. sativum and M. azedarach were assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia using the diffusion method in agar. The zone of inhibition was compared with different standard antibiotics. The diameters of inhibition zones ranged from 5.60 ± 0.320 to 1.96 ± 0.200 mm for all treatments.
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Papers by ali hussein
Objective: To reveal the effect of the crude phenolic, alkaloid and
terpenoid compounds extracts of Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.)
on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Methods: Antibacterial
activities of the crude Phenolic, Alkaloid and Terpenoid of medicinal
plant were determined by in vitro by agar well diffusion-method
against some human pathogenic bacteria. Results: obtained results
showed that active compounds of Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.)
had wide spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-positive and
gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that we
can conclude that the effect of active compounds in same plant has
different effect on different pathogenic organisms in different
concentration.
KEYWORDS: Antibacterial Activity; Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.); Pathogenic
Bacteria.
Objective: To evaluate the overall progress and contribution of
candidate gene association to the genetic susceptibility to Leukemia.
Materials and methods:Study population included patients with
cancer from Babil province - Iraq. Whole blood 60 cases at consultant
clinic in Babil province from October 2014 to January 2015. Out of the
60 cancer patients, there were 37 male and 23 female. The patient's age
range was from 25 to 70 years. Nominated mutations in CYP2E1 (G-
1259C, in linkage disequilibrium with C-1019T), in MPO (G-463A)
and in NQO1 (C609T and C465T) were investigated by allele-specific
oligonucleotide. Results: The frequencies among ALL patients
differed from those of the control group. In particular, we found that
carriers of the CYP2E1*5 variant were more frequent among cases
(11.7% vs. 0% in controls), suggesting that the predicted higher level of CYP2E1 might be
associated with an increased risk of LEUKEMIA. Similarly, it's revealed that NQO1 variants
(NQO1*3) were associated with an increased risk of A LEUKEMIA, particularly due to a
higher prevalence of heterozygous individuals among cases relative to controls. Conclusion:
It's revealed that genetic polymorphisms in both NQO1 and CYP2E1 play a role in the
development of LEUKEMIA. This is in accordance with the involvement of these variants in
other types of leukemia.
KEYWORDS: Leukemia, CYP2E1, MPO, NQO!, polymorphism, PCR, Iraq.
In Thi Qar there are relatively few studies have been done to reveal and classify diarrheagenic Escherichia coli
(DEC) strains among children with diarrhea. This study focused genetically at investigating DEC among hospitalized
children under 2 years in Thi Qar city.
A total of 200 children (Below 12 years) with diarrhea and 75 without diarrhea were their stools investigated using
culture on MacConkey and EMB agar, and E. coli isolates were examined for detection of diarrheagenic E. coli types,
antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Virulence genes detected using PCR. A multiplex PCR system method was used to
detect a species specific gene for E.coli and ten different virulence genes for detection of five pathogroups of DEC
namely enteroaggregative- (EAEC), enteropathogenic- (EPEC), enterotoxigenic- (ETEC), enteroinvasive- (EIEC) and
enterohemorghagic- Escherichia coli (EHEC).
The study has indicated that diarrheagenic E. coli isolates were found mostly in stools of children with diarrhea. DEC
diarrhoeagenic E. coli was significantly detected among diarrheic children (44.8%) compared with control children
(16.4%). Of the DEC pathotypes examined, EAEC was found in (64.73%), ETEC in (19.5%), EPEC in (10.5%) and
EHEC in (5.27%) of diarrheic. Virulence-gene factors in DEC isolated from children with diarrhea and from controls.
The distribution of virulence gene was; pCVD432 93.6%, 87.3%; eaeA 64.2%, 8.5%; bfpA 59.1%, 2.05%; stx1 22.8%,
0.8%; stx2 18.6%, 0%; estA1 heat-stable (ST) 8.14%, 1.3%; estA2-4 heat-stable (ST) 14.6%, 0.2%; eltB heat-labile
(LT) 43.1%, 0.4% in DEC and control children respectively. This study revealed high incidence of diarrheagenic E.
coli isolates and high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among normal intestinal E. coli with typical EAEC and
typical EPEC predominating. The use of primers for both variants of ST useful to detect the sensitivity for detection of
ETEC strains of hospitalized children in Thi Qar.
Key words: Diarrheagenic, , Escherichia coli, Virulence genes, Phylogenetic grouping, Antibiotic
susceptibility, Thi Qar, DEC, EPEC, EHEC, ETEC, EAEC.
Background: Hepatitis is a serious public health problem distressing
many of people worldwide. Inadequate data is available on this issue in
Iraq. This study was carry out with the aim of determining the genetic
SNPs in human and risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among the
general population and among blood donors. Methods: Blood samples
from volunteers; have been screened with ELISA tests for detecting the
hepatitis- surface antigen and using PCR for the same purpose. In
addition we used some genes to study the prevalence of hepatitis
severity with human genes polymorphism like IFNGR, IFN-γ and IL-
28B gene. Results: The characteristics of the 248 patients included in
the study are described in with criteria including, Age as
Characteristics feature, Residence type, Risk factor and Gender.
Polymorphisms in the HBV patients revealed the presence of the polymorphism in IFNGR
gene at chromosome 6 in position 137219896+137219995 among 47% of patients compare
with healthy group 21%. Study of HBV with healthy group against other test genes revealed a
marked significance in the IFN-γ genes. There was a strong association of the IFN-γ at
chr12:68158673-68158792 with HBV compare with healthy controls 61.4% and 27.08%
respectively. Profile of gene Expression with IL28B Genotype revealed that (19.6%) patients
with CC genotype, (71.6%) with CT (patients) and patients (8.8%) with TT genotype among
chronic viral hepatitis B patients. Conclusions: Our study provided much important
information concerning hepatitis B prevalence and risk factors.
Objective: To reveal the effect of the crude phenolic, alkaloid and terpenoid compounds extracts of Lactuca
serriola L. on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria.Methods: Antibacterial activities of the crude Phenolic,
Alkaloid and Terpenoid of medicinal plant were determined by in vitro by agar diffusion-method against some
human pathogenic bacteria.Results: obtained results showed that among nine pathogenic bacteria, only
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus Gram-positive were susceptible for Terpenoid,
Alkaloid and Phenolic compounds while Staphylococcus epidermidis was resistant to active
compounds.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that we can conclude that the effect of active compounds in
same plant has different effect on different pathogenic organisms in different concentration.
Keywords: Antibacterial Activity; Lactuca serriola L; Pathogenic Bacteria
Calmodulin and Pepsin-like protease genes of Aspergillus niger, were elucidated. Genus specific sequences
could be identified in region of 18S rRNA.
Methodology: 24 fungal strains were isolated from different localities of Al-Hillah city. Isolates were screened
for glucose oxidase production using submerged fermentation and molecular techniques like 18S rRNA. DNA
was isolated and amplified using PCR. Gene sequencing was done and homology analysis was studied. Rate of
glucose oxidase production was also analyzed.
Results: The method described in this study represents a rapid and reliable procedure to assess the presence in
food products of two ochratoxigenic species of section Nigri. Glucose oxidase hyper producing isolate was
identified as A. niger strain. The F17 strain gave best reproducible results (87. 5±0.05U/g of cell mass) after 72
h. of fermentation at 30ºC and at a medium pH of 7.2.The 18srDNA was used to detect A. niger was very
affective. The identification and isolation of tannase gene from A. niger which is considered as an important
bioreactor and industrial fungus were reported
Conclusion: Our results revealed that Glucose oxidase was produced naturally by A. niger in large quantity
instead of using other manipulation techniques of genetic. The PCR technique we have used appears to be
adequate to study a large group of microorganisms (fungi) and it help to identify risk of pathogenicity of
aspergillosis.
Keywords:Aspergillus niger, Calmodulin, Pepsin-like protease, 18S rRNA, aspergillosis, Tannase.
Background:
The drug resistant phenomenon is being worldwide concern especially in the last 20 years. Among the most
threatening antibiotic-resistant pathogens known are strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), they are
resistant to ß-lactams and other cell-wall-active agents. In many developing countries, the situation appears
gloomy due to inadequate or poor implementation of policy on infection control, lack of political will,
inadequate resources including shortage of skilled manpower, poor motivation of health care workers and
researchers.
Objective:
The present study tries to describe an accurate and quick detection for of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance
gene of Staphylococcus aureus using PCR technique.
Methodology:
The mec A gene was amplified to characterize MRSA isolates at species level. The S. aureus isolates were
analyzed for their susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics using the disk diffusion method.
Results:
Of the total 429 Staphylococcus aureus isolated, 114 (26.54%) strains were MRSA. MSRA strains were selected
for PCR assay. Eighty one MRSA strains (71.05%) were mecA gene positive and thirty three (28.95%) MRSA
strains were mecA negative visualized on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis.
Conclusions:
The PCR assay was rapid and accurate procedure for the detection mec A gene of MRSA strains as compared to
the conventional methods like cutler, biochemical and microscopically since the time was taken is less and can
help efficiently in infection management.
Keywords: mec A, fem A, MRSA, SCC, PBP2a, PCR, genes, Staphylococcus aureus
To revealed the incidence of TORCH infections among pregnancy wastage in women which had bad obstetric
history (BOH).
METHODS:
The study included 132 women with bad obstetric history. Genetic evaluation for TORCH infections was carried
out by specific primers designed for that purpose using PCR method.
RESULT:
Toxoplasma was 36.36%, rubella 20.45%, cytomegalovirus 29.55% and herpes simplex virus 13.64%.
Maximum number of cases of abortion 52 (39.39%), preterm labor 29 (21.96%) was associated with toxoplasma
infection, early neonatal deaths 19 (14.39%) were maximally associated with toxoplasma and CMV infections.
while congenital malformations 14 (10.6%) were evident maximally with toxoplasma infection and intrauterine
death 8 (6.06%).
CONCLUSIONS:
Women with BOH are significantly higher in infection compared with that in control. A previous history of
pregnancy wastage, genetic infestation using specific primers for TORCH agent’s detection and the serological
reaction for TORCH infections during current pregnancy must be considered while managing BOH cases so as
to reduce the adverse fetal outcome.
In this study, 200 patients (100 male and 100 female) suffering from Urinary tract infection who presented to the
Emergency Department of Babylon Maternity and Children Hospital and Al-Hillah educational Hospital from
October\2012 to February\2013 underwent a history and physical examination. In this study, Escherichia coli
formed the major causative agent (10.8% in male and 13.2% in female) followed by staphylococcus aureus
(5.4% in male and 4% in female), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4% in male and 4.6% in female).
All isolates were tested for the sensitivity to Amikacin, Chloromphenicol, Nitrofurantoin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin,
while Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows sensitivity with Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin, Proteus
species shows sensitivity with Amikacin, Amoxicillin , Cefodizime, Cefoxitin, Cephalexin, Gentamycin, ,
Norfloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates shows sensitivity with Amikacin,
Norfloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin.
Our investigation showed that from the 200 patients with UTI, 62 male and 84 had pyuria > 5 WBCs/hpf, 84
male and 75 female had pyuria >10 WBCs/mL, 86 male and 64 female had CRP >24 mg/L, 67 male and 70
female had ESR >35 mm/hour, and 69 male and 55 female had WBC >15 000/mL.
Objective: To reveal the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated with lower respiratory system infections
(LRI) in children under 6 years old.
Methods: RSV antigen was detected in the children aged less than 2 years by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA), performed on nasopharyngeal specimens from children admitted to children and maternity
hospital in addition to those who came to outer clinic in Al-Hillah city, Iraq.
Results: Among children aged < 2 years, the incidence of RSV-associated LRI per 350 child-years was 68
positive cases. The majority of RSV cases occurred in infants.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that RSV contributes to variable burden of LRI in children aged < 2 years
in Al-Hillah city, Iraq. The probable descriptions for this deviation are social factors, patterns of seeking health
care and differences in clinical characterizations used for obtaining samples. The age distribution of cases
indicates the need for an RSV vaccine that can protect children early in life.
Keywords: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); Respiratory tract infections (RTI); Infant.
Aim:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) considered as most important bacteria which can isolated from
various kinds of infection. This study tries to survey the infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa especially medical
and surgical care units and try to reveal the antimicrobial agents susceptibility against Ps. aeruginosa.
Material and Method:
This study was conducted during September 2012 to February 2013. During this period total of 285 samples
were tested and showed growth of bacteria. The isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected on the basis
of their growth on Nutrient agar pigmented and non-pigmented colonies with oxidase positive and on routine
MacConkey medium which showed lactose Non-fermenting pale colonies. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all the
isolates was performed using disc-diffusion (Modified-Kirby Baur method) according to CLSIs guidelines.
Result:
In present study, maximum isolates of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from various samples. The isolates were obtained
from different clinical specimens, including pus, urine, respiratory fluids, blood, tissue, and genitalia. All the
clinically isolated samples were identified as P. aeruginosa. Out of 285, 74.04% are males and 25.96% are
females. Most of patients were aged between 27-48 years. Approximately half the isolates tested were from
community patients, mostly from infections of the Wound/Pus (22.46%), urinary tract (22.11%), Swab (18.6%)
and Respiratory Tract (15.09%). P. aeruginosa strains screened showed sensitivity to AK \Amikacin, E
\Erythromycin and P\Penicillin while showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and norfloxacin, AX
\Amoxicillin, AMC \Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, AZM \Azithromycin.
Conclusion:
To prevent the spread of the resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antibiotic policies while
surveillance programs for multidrug resistant organisms and infection control procedures need to be
implemented.
Objective: Evaluation the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-18 (IL- 18) in male infertility.
Intervention: Interleukin 1, IL-18 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha levels were measured in seminal plasma of in different groups of infertile males as well as in control men.
Results: The mean of the cytokines for Normospermia IL-1 24.11, IL-18 327.50, TNF-α 7.05. While the mean of the cytokines for Oligospermia IL-1 48.25, IL-18 584.60, and TNF-α 32.50. For the Azoospermia The mean of the cytokines IL-1 55.03, IL-18 741.30, TNF-α 35.73.
There was significantly elevated in the levels of TNFα and Interleukin 1 in seminal fluid correlate with leukocyte counts and ratios in the same ejaculates, also there was significantly elevated in the levels of IL-18 in seminal levels among infertile groups compared to normal control subjects.
Conclusions: Cytokines and especially IL-18 and TNFα may play a role in pathogenesis of male factor infertility and may be a part of infertility workup in near future.
Background: This is an aerobic bacteriological study of acute otitis media to identify common pathogens and to
evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Otitis media is a major health problem of children in low income
countries.
Objectives: This study was done to determine the bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility of otitis
media from children under 10 years old.
Methods: Infected samples were collected from sixty (190) children under ten years old suffering from otitis
media from out clinic and Al-Hillah education Hospital in babil, Iraq. Over a 9 months period (September 2012
to May 2013). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disc diffusion technique as per the
standard Kirby-Bauer method.
Results:
In this study, 48% of patients were males and 52% were females. Patients ranged in age from 0 to 8 years old. 34
percent of patients had no previous visit and regular treatment. The results of the bacteriological studies on the
190 cases showed that microbiological culture was yielded from 190 samples. Pure cultures consist of
(166/30.1%) had a single organism isolated from the middle ear discharge, while the remaining or Mixed growth
(367/66.37%) had two or more organisms isolated. There were (20/3.62%) samples who had a no culture with
any microorganism isolated
Conclusion: Otitis media linked with high levels of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria is a major health
concern in all age groups of the study population. There is a need for culture and susceptibility test facilities for
appropriate antimicrobial therapy of otitis media and antimicrobial resistant infections.
In this work 180 blood samples was collected from pregnant women in Babylon province, Babylon maternity and children hospital from October/2008 to April/2009. It revealed that TORCH infections was; Cytomegalovirus formed (CMV) 57.2% followed by Toxoplasma gondii 55.5% Rubella 53.9%, Herpes simplex II 28.9% and Chlamydia trachomatis 24.4%.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes IgM Antibodies according to various obstetric losses showed that Abortions happened in all causes with high percentage (Over than 30%) except Herpes infections (less than 6%), while congenital anomalies and premature delivery formed high ratio with some different in some cases. Neonatal deaths are very low under 1% except in CMV infections which formed 4.9%.
Distribution of age with type of infection according IgM Antibodies to Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex revealed that major age group for infection was between <20 to 40 years which formed more than two third of all infection cases.
Residential distribution with type of infection according IgM Antibodies shows that most infection occurred in rural area (over than 50% in all agents) except in Herpes simplex infections which formed 82.7% in urban area.
TORCH (Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex) infections with incidence of abortion in pregnant women in this study revealed that First trimester was the highest ratio of infection than other two trimesters.
This study was done on the 142 patients suffering from meningitis infection depending on the physician's diagnosis
from January 2009 to June 2009. Most specimens was collected in Babylon maternity and children hospital because
the age group in this study was (<1-10 years). Blood and CSF specimens were collected, microbiological and
biochemical tests were carried.
obtained results showed that the most common bacterial causing meningitis was Streptococcus pneumoniae (23.94%)
followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.197%), Neisseria meningitides (14.084%), Escherichia coli (14.084%),
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (11.97%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.338%), Staphylococcus spp. (3.521%)
and Acinetobacter spp (1.408%), while Negative Culture formed (8.45%).
Physiological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in acute bacterial meningitis showed that protein (mg/dl)>500, glucose
<40 mg%, CSF/blood glucose <0.4, CRP > 24 mg/L, PMN (%)>80 and white blood cell (cells/mm3) different than
normal values indicated of bacterial acute meningitis.
Corresponding factors associated with acute bacterial meningitis like sinusitis, cirrhosis, pneumonia, chronic otitis
media, diabetes mellitus and malignancy was reported.
Age and sex distribution of meningitis causes revealed that the main age group of infection was (<1-5 years) and
there is no significant differences between male and female infections.
Keywords: Meningitis, Bacteria, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitides
Objectives: To identify bacterial species present in the lower genital tract of males and to investigate the
relationship with semen quality and male infertility. Methods: The microscopic analyses, cultures and ELISA
technique of 175 semen and serum specimens, collected over 9 months from males investigated for infertility, were
prospectively assessed. Results: One hundred and seventy five seminal fluid, blood and serum specimens were
collected from men investigated for infertility over a period of 9 months (from April 2011 to December 2011) were
analyzed. The seminal fluids and serum of patients mentioned to the laboratory from the fertility clinics of Babylon
maternity and children Hospital and outer clinics. The results had shown that from 17 microbial species there are,
Ureaplasma urealyticum 4.938272 %, Ureaplasma parvum 2.160494 %, Mycoplasma hominis 2.469136 %,
Mycoplasma genetalium 5.864198 %, Chlamydia trachomatis 9.876543 %, Streptococcus pyogenes 8.641975 % ,
Staphylococcus aureus 11.11111 %, Staphylococcus epidermidis 12.03704 %, Staphylococcus saprophyticus
0.925926 %, Escherichia coli 20.06173 %, Proteus mirabilis 1.234568 %, Proteus vulgaris 2.469136 %, Klebsiella
pneumoniae 0.925926 %, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa 1.54321 %, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2.777778 %, Toxoplasma
gondii 6.17284 % and Candida 6.790123 %. Also the infection with microorganisms revealed that it is higher in
azoospermic patients than normospermic group (control).
Keywords: Male infertility, ELISA technique, Bacterial infection.
Coriandrum sativum, using methanolic extraction and report the main functional components by using
IR technique. The phytochemical compounds in the extract were then screened by GC-MS method.
Seven bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of C. sativum: 1,6-
octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl, 1,6-octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl, 2-aminobenzoate, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-
one,1,7,7-trimethyl., geranyl vinyl ether, 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol., ascorbic acid
2,6-dihexadecanoate and 7aH-cyclopenta[a] cyclopropa[f]cycloundecene. Thirteen bioactive
phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Melia azedarach. In the present
investigation, a variety of compounds have been detected in M. azedarach including trichloromethane,
propanedioic acid, diethyl ester, 2-pyrrolidinyl-methylamine, butanedioic acid, diethyl ester, 2-
piperidimethanamine, butanedioic acid, hydroxyl-, diethyl ester, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-
dihydroperoxide, dithiocarbamate, s-methyl-,n-(2-methyl-3-oxobutyl), triethyl citrate, y-sitosterol, ethyl
9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, and octadecane,
3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl). It contains chemical constitutions which may be useful for various herbal
formulation as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, cardiac tonic and antiasthamatic. C. sativum is
highly active against Aspergillus terreus 6.01 ± 0.200. Bioactive compounds of C. sativum and M.
azedarach were assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus
mirabilis, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia using the diffusion
method in agar. The zone of inhibition was compared with different standard antibiotics. The diameters
of inhibition zones ranged from 5.60 ± 0.320 to 1.96 ± 0.200 mm for all treatments.
Objective: To reveal the effect of the crude phenolic, alkaloid and
terpenoid compounds extracts of Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.)
on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Methods: Antibacterial
activities of the crude Phenolic, Alkaloid and Terpenoid of medicinal
plant were determined by in vitro by agar well diffusion-method
against some human pathogenic bacteria. Results: obtained results
showed that active compounds of Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.)
had wide spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-positive and
gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that we
can conclude that the effect of active compounds in same plant has
different effect on different pathogenic organisms in different
concentration.
KEYWORDS: Antibacterial Activity; Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.); Pathogenic
Bacteria.
Objective: To evaluate the overall progress and contribution of
candidate gene association to the genetic susceptibility to Leukemia.
Materials and methods:Study population included patients with
cancer from Babil province - Iraq. Whole blood 60 cases at consultant
clinic in Babil province from October 2014 to January 2015. Out of the
60 cancer patients, there were 37 male and 23 female. The patient's age
range was from 25 to 70 years. Nominated mutations in CYP2E1 (G-
1259C, in linkage disequilibrium with C-1019T), in MPO (G-463A)
and in NQO1 (C609T and C465T) were investigated by allele-specific
oligonucleotide. Results: The frequencies among ALL patients
differed from those of the control group. In particular, we found that
carriers of the CYP2E1*5 variant were more frequent among cases
(11.7% vs. 0% in controls), suggesting that the predicted higher level of CYP2E1 might be
associated with an increased risk of LEUKEMIA. Similarly, it's revealed that NQO1 variants
(NQO1*3) were associated with an increased risk of A LEUKEMIA, particularly due to a
higher prevalence of heterozygous individuals among cases relative to controls. Conclusion:
It's revealed that genetic polymorphisms in both NQO1 and CYP2E1 play a role in the
development of LEUKEMIA. This is in accordance with the involvement of these variants in
other types of leukemia.
KEYWORDS: Leukemia, CYP2E1, MPO, NQO!, polymorphism, PCR, Iraq.
In Thi Qar there are relatively few studies have been done to reveal and classify diarrheagenic Escherichia coli
(DEC) strains among children with diarrhea. This study focused genetically at investigating DEC among hospitalized
children under 2 years in Thi Qar city.
A total of 200 children (Below 12 years) with diarrhea and 75 without diarrhea were their stools investigated using
culture on MacConkey and EMB agar, and E. coli isolates were examined for detection of diarrheagenic E. coli types,
antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Virulence genes detected using PCR. A multiplex PCR system method was used to
detect a species specific gene for E.coli and ten different virulence genes for detection of five pathogroups of DEC
namely enteroaggregative- (EAEC), enteropathogenic- (EPEC), enterotoxigenic- (ETEC), enteroinvasive- (EIEC) and
enterohemorghagic- Escherichia coli (EHEC).
The study has indicated that diarrheagenic E. coli isolates were found mostly in stools of children with diarrhea. DEC
diarrhoeagenic E. coli was significantly detected among diarrheic children (44.8%) compared with control children
(16.4%). Of the DEC pathotypes examined, EAEC was found in (64.73%), ETEC in (19.5%), EPEC in (10.5%) and
EHEC in (5.27%) of diarrheic. Virulence-gene factors in DEC isolated from children with diarrhea and from controls.
The distribution of virulence gene was; pCVD432 93.6%, 87.3%; eaeA 64.2%, 8.5%; bfpA 59.1%, 2.05%; stx1 22.8%,
0.8%; stx2 18.6%, 0%; estA1 heat-stable (ST) 8.14%, 1.3%; estA2-4 heat-stable (ST) 14.6%, 0.2%; eltB heat-labile
(LT) 43.1%, 0.4% in DEC and control children respectively. This study revealed high incidence of diarrheagenic E.
coli isolates and high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among normal intestinal E. coli with typical EAEC and
typical EPEC predominating. The use of primers for both variants of ST useful to detect the sensitivity for detection of
ETEC strains of hospitalized children in Thi Qar.
Key words: Diarrheagenic, , Escherichia coli, Virulence genes, Phylogenetic grouping, Antibiotic
susceptibility, Thi Qar, DEC, EPEC, EHEC, ETEC, EAEC.
Background: Hepatitis is a serious public health problem distressing
many of people worldwide. Inadequate data is available on this issue in
Iraq. This study was carry out with the aim of determining the genetic
SNPs in human and risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among the
general population and among blood donors. Methods: Blood samples
from volunteers; have been screened with ELISA tests for detecting the
hepatitis- surface antigen and using PCR for the same purpose. In
addition we used some genes to study the prevalence of hepatitis
severity with human genes polymorphism like IFNGR, IFN-γ and IL-
28B gene. Results: The characteristics of the 248 patients included in
the study are described in with criteria including, Age as
Characteristics feature, Residence type, Risk factor and Gender.
Polymorphisms in the HBV patients revealed the presence of the polymorphism in IFNGR
gene at chromosome 6 in position 137219896+137219995 among 47% of patients compare
with healthy group 21%. Study of HBV with healthy group against other test genes revealed a
marked significance in the IFN-γ genes. There was a strong association of the IFN-γ at
chr12:68158673-68158792 with HBV compare with healthy controls 61.4% and 27.08%
respectively. Profile of gene Expression with IL28B Genotype revealed that (19.6%) patients
with CC genotype, (71.6%) with CT (patients) and patients (8.8%) with TT genotype among
chronic viral hepatitis B patients. Conclusions: Our study provided much important
information concerning hepatitis B prevalence and risk factors.
Objective: To reveal the effect of the crude phenolic, alkaloid and terpenoid compounds extracts of Lactuca
serriola L. on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria.Methods: Antibacterial activities of the crude Phenolic,
Alkaloid and Terpenoid of medicinal plant were determined by in vitro by agar diffusion-method against some
human pathogenic bacteria.Results: obtained results showed that among nine pathogenic bacteria, only
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus Gram-positive were susceptible for Terpenoid,
Alkaloid and Phenolic compounds while Staphylococcus epidermidis was resistant to active
compounds.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that we can conclude that the effect of active compounds in
same plant has different effect on different pathogenic organisms in different concentration.
Keywords: Antibacterial Activity; Lactuca serriola L; Pathogenic Bacteria
Calmodulin and Pepsin-like protease genes of Aspergillus niger, were elucidated. Genus specific sequences
could be identified in region of 18S rRNA.
Methodology: 24 fungal strains were isolated from different localities of Al-Hillah city. Isolates were screened
for glucose oxidase production using submerged fermentation and molecular techniques like 18S rRNA. DNA
was isolated and amplified using PCR. Gene sequencing was done and homology analysis was studied. Rate of
glucose oxidase production was also analyzed.
Results: The method described in this study represents a rapid and reliable procedure to assess the presence in
food products of two ochratoxigenic species of section Nigri. Glucose oxidase hyper producing isolate was
identified as A. niger strain. The F17 strain gave best reproducible results (87. 5±0.05U/g of cell mass) after 72
h. of fermentation at 30ºC and at a medium pH of 7.2.The 18srDNA was used to detect A. niger was very
affective. The identification and isolation of tannase gene from A. niger which is considered as an important
bioreactor and industrial fungus were reported
Conclusion: Our results revealed that Glucose oxidase was produced naturally by A. niger in large quantity
instead of using other manipulation techniques of genetic. The PCR technique we have used appears to be
adequate to study a large group of microorganisms (fungi) and it help to identify risk of pathogenicity of
aspergillosis.
Keywords:Aspergillus niger, Calmodulin, Pepsin-like protease, 18S rRNA, aspergillosis, Tannase.
Background:
The drug resistant phenomenon is being worldwide concern especially in the last 20 years. Among the most
threatening antibiotic-resistant pathogens known are strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), they are
resistant to ß-lactams and other cell-wall-active agents. In many developing countries, the situation appears
gloomy due to inadequate or poor implementation of policy on infection control, lack of political will,
inadequate resources including shortage of skilled manpower, poor motivation of health care workers and
researchers.
Objective:
The present study tries to describe an accurate and quick detection for of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance
gene of Staphylococcus aureus using PCR technique.
Methodology:
The mec A gene was amplified to characterize MRSA isolates at species level. The S. aureus isolates were
analyzed for their susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics using the disk diffusion method.
Results:
Of the total 429 Staphylococcus aureus isolated, 114 (26.54%) strains were MRSA. MSRA strains were selected
for PCR assay. Eighty one MRSA strains (71.05%) were mecA gene positive and thirty three (28.95%) MRSA
strains were mecA negative visualized on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis.
Conclusions:
The PCR assay was rapid and accurate procedure for the detection mec A gene of MRSA strains as compared to
the conventional methods like cutler, biochemical and microscopically since the time was taken is less and can
help efficiently in infection management.
Keywords: mec A, fem A, MRSA, SCC, PBP2a, PCR, genes, Staphylococcus aureus
To revealed the incidence of TORCH infections among pregnancy wastage in women which had bad obstetric
history (BOH).
METHODS:
The study included 132 women with bad obstetric history. Genetic evaluation for TORCH infections was carried
out by specific primers designed for that purpose using PCR method.
RESULT:
Toxoplasma was 36.36%, rubella 20.45%, cytomegalovirus 29.55% and herpes simplex virus 13.64%.
Maximum number of cases of abortion 52 (39.39%), preterm labor 29 (21.96%) was associated with toxoplasma
infection, early neonatal deaths 19 (14.39%) were maximally associated with toxoplasma and CMV infections.
while congenital malformations 14 (10.6%) were evident maximally with toxoplasma infection and intrauterine
death 8 (6.06%).
CONCLUSIONS:
Women with BOH are significantly higher in infection compared with that in control. A previous history of
pregnancy wastage, genetic infestation using specific primers for TORCH agent’s detection and the serological
reaction for TORCH infections during current pregnancy must be considered while managing BOH cases so as
to reduce the adverse fetal outcome.
In this study, 200 patients (100 male and 100 female) suffering from Urinary tract infection who presented to the
Emergency Department of Babylon Maternity and Children Hospital and Al-Hillah educational Hospital from
October\2012 to February\2013 underwent a history and physical examination. In this study, Escherichia coli
formed the major causative agent (10.8% in male and 13.2% in female) followed by staphylococcus aureus
(5.4% in male and 4% in female), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4% in male and 4.6% in female).
All isolates were tested for the sensitivity to Amikacin, Chloromphenicol, Nitrofurantoin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin,
while Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows sensitivity with Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin, Proteus
species shows sensitivity with Amikacin, Amoxicillin , Cefodizime, Cefoxitin, Cephalexin, Gentamycin, ,
Norfloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates shows sensitivity with Amikacin,
Norfloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin.
Our investigation showed that from the 200 patients with UTI, 62 male and 84 had pyuria > 5 WBCs/hpf, 84
male and 75 female had pyuria >10 WBCs/mL, 86 male and 64 female had CRP >24 mg/L, 67 male and 70
female had ESR >35 mm/hour, and 69 male and 55 female had WBC >15 000/mL.
Objective: To reveal the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated with lower respiratory system infections
(LRI) in children under 6 years old.
Methods: RSV antigen was detected in the children aged less than 2 years by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA), performed on nasopharyngeal specimens from children admitted to children and maternity
hospital in addition to those who came to outer clinic in Al-Hillah city, Iraq.
Results: Among children aged < 2 years, the incidence of RSV-associated LRI per 350 child-years was 68
positive cases. The majority of RSV cases occurred in infants.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that RSV contributes to variable burden of LRI in children aged < 2 years
in Al-Hillah city, Iraq. The probable descriptions for this deviation are social factors, patterns of seeking health
care and differences in clinical characterizations used for obtaining samples. The age distribution of cases
indicates the need for an RSV vaccine that can protect children early in life.
Keywords: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); Respiratory tract infections (RTI); Infant.
Aim:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) considered as most important bacteria which can isolated from
various kinds of infection. This study tries to survey the infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa especially medical
and surgical care units and try to reveal the antimicrobial agents susceptibility against Ps. aeruginosa.
Material and Method:
This study was conducted during September 2012 to February 2013. During this period total of 285 samples
were tested and showed growth of bacteria. The isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected on the basis
of their growth on Nutrient agar pigmented and non-pigmented colonies with oxidase positive and on routine
MacConkey medium which showed lactose Non-fermenting pale colonies. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all the
isolates was performed using disc-diffusion (Modified-Kirby Baur method) according to CLSIs guidelines.
Result:
In present study, maximum isolates of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from various samples. The isolates were obtained
from different clinical specimens, including pus, urine, respiratory fluids, blood, tissue, and genitalia. All the
clinically isolated samples were identified as P. aeruginosa. Out of 285, 74.04% are males and 25.96% are
females. Most of patients were aged between 27-48 years. Approximately half the isolates tested were from
community patients, mostly from infections of the Wound/Pus (22.46%), urinary tract (22.11%), Swab (18.6%)
and Respiratory Tract (15.09%). P. aeruginosa strains screened showed sensitivity to AK \Amikacin, E
\Erythromycin and P\Penicillin while showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and norfloxacin, AX
\Amoxicillin, AMC \Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, AZM \Azithromycin.
Conclusion:
To prevent the spread of the resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antibiotic policies while
surveillance programs for multidrug resistant organisms and infection control procedures need to be
implemented.
Objective: Evaluation the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-18 (IL- 18) in male infertility.
Intervention: Interleukin 1, IL-18 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha levels were measured in seminal plasma of in different groups of infertile males as well as in control men.
Results: The mean of the cytokines for Normospermia IL-1 24.11, IL-18 327.50, TNF-α 7.05. While the mean of the cytokines for Oligospermia IL-1 48.25, IL-18 584.60, and TNF-α 32.50. For the Azoospermia The mean of the cytokines IL-1 55.03, IL-18 741.30, TNF-α 35.73.
There was significantly elevated in the levels of TNFα and Interleukin 1 in seminal fluid correlate with leukocyte counts and ratios in the same ejaculates, also there was significantly elevated in the levels of IL-18 in seminal levels among infertile groups compared to normal control subjects.
Conclusions: Cytokines and especially IL-18 and TNFα may play a role in pathogenesis of male factor infertility and may be a part of infertility workup in near future.
Background: This is an aerobic bacteriological study of acute otitis media to identify common pathogens and to
evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Otitis media is a major health problem of children in low income
countries.
Objectives: This study was done to determine the bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility of otitis
media from children under 10 years old.
Methods: Infected samples were collected from sixty (190) children under ten years old suffering from otitis
media from out clinic and Al-Hillah education Hospital in babil, Iraq. Over a 9 months period (September 2012
to May 2013). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disc diffusion technique as per the
standard Kirby-Bauer method.
Results:
In this study, 48% of patients were males and 52% were females. Patients ranged in age from 0 to 8 years old. 34
percent of patients had no previous visit and regular treatment. The results of the bacteriological studies on the
190 cases showed that microbiological culture was yielded from 190 samples. Pure cultures consist of
(166/30.1%) had a single organism isolated from the middle ear discharge, while the remaining or Mixed growth
(367/66.37%) had two or more organisms isolated. There were (20/3.62%) samples who had a no culture with
any microorganism isolated
Conclusion: Otitis media linked with high levels of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria is a major health
concern in all age groups of the study population. There is a need for culture and susceptibility test facilities for
appropriate antimicrobial therapy of otitis media and antimicrobial resistant infections.
In this work 180 blood samples was collected from pregnant women in Babylon province, Babylon maternity and children hospital from October/2008 to April/2009. It revealed that TORCH infections was; Cytomegalovirus formed (CMV) 57.2% followed by Toxoplasma gondii 55.5% Rubella 53.9%, Herpes simplex II 28.9% and Chlamydia trachomatis 24.4%.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes IgM Antibodies according to various obstetric losses showed that Abortions happened in all causes with high percentage (Over than 30%) except Herpes infections (less than 6%), while congenital anomalies and premature delivery formed high ratio with some different in some cases. Neonatal deaths are very low under 1% except in CMV infections which formed 4.9%.
Distribution of age with type of infection according IgM Antibodies to Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex revealed that major age group for infection was between <20 to 40 years which formed more than two third of all infection cases.
Residential distribution with type of infection according IgM Antibodies shows that most infection occurred in rural area (over than 50% in all agents) except in Herpes simplex infections which formed 82.7% in urban area.
TORCH (Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex) infections with incidence of abortion in pregnant women in this study revealed that First trimester was the highest ratio of infection than other two trimesters.
This study was done on the 142 patients suffering from meningitis infection depending on the physician's diagnosis
from January 2009 to June 2009. Most specimens was collected in Babylon maternity and children hospital because
the age group in this study was (<1-10 years). Blood and CSF specimens were collected, microbiological and
biochemical tests were carried.
obtained results showed that the most common bacterial causing meningitis was Streptococcus pneumoniae (23.94%)
followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.197%), Neisseria meningitides (14.084%), Escherichia coli (14.084%),
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (11.97%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.338%), Staphylococcus spp. (3.521%)
and Acinetobacter spp (1.408%), while Negative Culture formed (8.45%).
Physiological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in acute bacterial meningitis showed that protein (mg/dl)>500, glucose
<40 mg%, CSF/blood glucose <0.4, CRP > 24 mg/L, PMN (%)>80 and white blood cell (cells/mm3) different than
normal values indicated of bacterial acute meningitis.
Corresponding factors associated with acute bacterial meningitis like sinusitis, cirrhosis, pneumonia, chronic otitis
media, diabetes mellitus and malignancy was reported.
Age and sex distribution of meningitis causes revealed that the main age group of infection was (<1-5 years) and
there is no significant differences between male and female infections.
Keywords: Meningitis, Bacteria, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitides
Objectives: To identify bacterial species present in the lower genital tract of males and to investigate the
relationship with semen quality and male infertility. Methods: The microscopic analyses, cultures and ELISA
technique of 175 semen and serum specimens, collected over 9 months from males investigated for infertility, were
prospectively assessed. Results: One hundred and seventy five seminal fluid, blood and serum specimens were
collected from men investigated for infertility over a period of 9 months (from April 2011 to December 2011) were
analyzed. The seminal fluids and serum of patients mentioned to the laboratory from the fertility clinics of Babylon
maternity and children Hospital and outer clinics. The results had shown that from 17 microbial species there are,
Ureaplasma urealyticum 4.938272 %, Ureaplasma parvum 2.160494 %, Mycoplasma hominis 2.469136 %,
Mycoplasma genetalium 5.864198 %, Chlamydia trachomatis 9.876543 %, Streptococcus pyogenes 8.641975 % ,
Staphylococcus aureus 11.11111 %, Staphylococcus epidermidis 12.03704 %, Staphylococcus saprophyticus
0.925926 %, Escherichia coli 20.06173 %, Proteus mirabilis 1.234568 %, Proteus vulgaris 2.469136 %, Klebsiella
pneumoniae 0.925926 %, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa 1.54321 %, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2.777778 %, Toxoplasma
gondii 6.17284 % and Candida 6.790123 %. Also the infection with microorganisms revealed that it is higher in
azoospermic patients than normospermic group (control).
Keywords: Male infertility, ELISA technique, Bacterial infection.
Coriandrum sativum, using methanolic extraction and report the main functional components by using
IR technique. The phytochemical compounds in the extract were then screened by GC-MS method.
Seven bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of C. sativum: 1,6-
octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl, 1,6-octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl, 2-aminobenzoate, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-
one,1,7,7-trimethyl., geranyl vinyl ether, 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol., ascorbic acid
2,6-dihexadecanoate and 7aH-cyclopenta[a] cyclopropa[f]cycloundecene. Thirteen bioactive
phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Melia azedarach. In the present
investigation, a variety of compounds have been detected in M. azedarach including trichloromethane,
propanedioic acid, diethyl ester, 2-pyrrolidinyl-methylamine, butanedioic acid, diethyl ester, 2-
piperidimethanamine, butanedioic acid, hydroxyl-, diethyl ester, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-
dihydroperoxide, dithiocarbamate, s-methyl-,n-(2-methyl-3-oxobutyl), triethyl citrate, y-sitosterol, ethyl
9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, and octadecane,
3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl). It contains chemical constitutions which may be useful for various herbal
formulation as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, cardiac tonic and antiasthamatic. C. sativum is
highly active against Aspergillus terreus 6.01 ± 0.200. Bioactive compounds of C. sativum and M.
azedarach were assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus
mirabilis, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia using the diffusion
method in agar. The zone of inhibition was compared with different standard antibiotics. The diameters
of inhibition zones ranged from 5.60 ± 0.320 to 1.96 ± 0.200 mm for all treatments.