Industrial facilities play a significant role in economic growth now and for the foreseeable futu... more Industrial facilities play a significant role in economic growth now and for the foreseeable future. However, past earthquake reconnaissance surveys have revealed that the seismic vulnerability of these facilities has resulted in huge economic losses mainly due to operational failures. As per ASCE 7, industrial facilities could be classified as buildinglike and nonbuilding-like types. In this paper, the fragility of building-like industrial facilities is focused. First, relevant design code requirements and provisions were summarized for further discussion on possible improvements. This is followed by a review of the latest techniques, challenges, and knowledge gaps related to the fragility development of building-like industrial facilities. The review indicates gaps in fragility development specific to seismic loss quantification. The need for updated design guidelines, component interdependencies, robust seismic modeling, and analysis techniques for improved decision-making are hence recommended.
Investigation of Seismic Behavior of Pallet Rack Frames
One of the most significant uses of cold-formed members is for steel storage racking structures, ... more One of the most significant uses of cold-formed members is for steel storage racking structures, such as pallet, drive in, and drive through racking systems. In the current competitive industry, pallets and storage racks may support heavy loads that have the potential to injure workers and damage equipment if the pallets and racks fail and loads fall. Hence, storage racks must remain structurally sound. Additionally, when subjected to earthquake loading, they can exhibit very large transverse displacement. In spite of their complexity, racks are able to carry heavy loads, though they are designed as lightly as possible, and industries often rely on 3-dimensional Finite Element Analysis to achieve this objective. This study, presents a Finite Element model of a conventional rack structure modeled using the commercial software SAP2000. In order to investigate the seismic behaviour of rack frames under real earthquake ground motions, the Time History Analysis was performed with rigid, semi-rigid and pinned connections.
Investigation of Seismic Behavior of Pallet Rack Frames
One of the most significant uses of cold-formed members is for steel storage racking structures, ... more One of the most significant uses of cold-formed members is for steel storage racking structures, such as pallet, drive in, and drive through racking systems. In the current competitive industry, pallets and storage racks may support heavy loads that have the potential to injure workers and damage equipment if the pallets and racks fail and loads fall. Hence, storage racks must remain structurally sound. Additionally, when subjected to earthquake loading, they can exhibit very large transverse displacement. In spite of their complexity, racks are able to carry heavy loads, though they are designed as lightly as possible, and industries often rely on 3-dimensional Finite Element Analysis to achieve this objective. This study, presents a Finite Element model of a conventional rack structure modeled using the commercial software SAP2000. In order to investigate the seismic behaviour of rack frames under real earthquake ground motions, the Time History Analysis was performed with rigid, ...
Pedestrian crossing facilities such as crosswalk, pedestrian foot bridges overpass and underpass ... more Pedestrian crossing facilities such as crosswalk, pedestrian foot bridges overpass and underpass at intersection or midblock with crossing facilities are designed to separate pedestrians from the moving vehicles hence improving safety of the pedestrians. Questionnaire survey was used to determine the factors influencing use and utilization of foot bridge by pedestrians in Kano city, Nigeria. The survey results show that 70% of the respondents were frequent users of the bridge while 30% were found not be using it. Analysis of the survey result shows that age and gender were statistically significant in the utilisation of the bridge with p-value of 0.041 and 0.002 respectively while education level was found to be statistically insignificant p-value = 0.688. The major reasons influencing pedestrian to use the bridge were safety (66%), barricades (25%), then traffic flow (9%). For the pedestrians that does not use the bridge, they describe the bridge height (38.5%) as the major reason ...
American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 2017
The need for a water tank is as old as civilization, to provide storage of water for use in many ... more The need for a water tank is as old as civilization, to provide storage of water for use in many applications. Design and cost estimation of water tanks is a time consuming task, which requires a great deal of expertise. All tanks are designed as crack free structure to eliminate any leakage. This project therefore studies the efficiency of rectangular or circular tanks, 40,000 liters capacities were used in order to draw reasonable inferences on tanks shape design effectiveness, relative cost implications of tank types and structural capacities. The basic tanks construction materials include steel reinforcement, concrete and formwork obtained from the prepared structural drawings. Result of the materials takeoff revealed that circular tank consumed lesser individual materials as compared to rectangular one. This will give circular shaped tanks more favored selection over the rectangular shaped tank, although some other factors must still be assessed.
American Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 2017
One of the most significant uses of cold-formed members is for steel storage racking structures, ... more One of the most significant uses of cold-formed members is for steel storage racking structures, such as pallet, drive in, and drive through racking systems. In the current competitive industry, pallets and storage racks may support heavy loads that have the potential to injure workers and damage equipment if the pallets and racks fail and loads fall. Hence, storage racks must remain structurally sound. Additionally, when subjected to earthquake loading, they can exhibit very large transverse displacement. In spite of their complexity, racks are able to carry heavy loads, though they are designed as lightly as possible, and industries often rely on 3-dimensional Finite Element Analysis to achieve this objective. This study, presents a Finite Element model of a conventional rack structure modeled using the commercial software SAP2000. In order to investigate the seismic behaviour of rack frames under real earthquake ground motions, the Time History Analysis was performed with rigid, semi-rigid and pinned connections. The study provided a strong case for the possible benefits of semirigid steel frames and motivated the need for detailed, accurate, and reliable analytical models of the connection. Neglecting semi-rigidity cause stiffening of frames resulting in shorter fundamental period and larger lateral displacement which in turn results in a significant error in the evaluation of dynamic loads.
Review of Seismic Fragility and Loss Quantification of Building-Like Industrial Facilities
Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology
Industrial facilities play a significant role in economic growth now and for the foreseeable futu... more Industrial facilities play a significant role in economic growth now and for the foreseeable future. However, past earthquake reconnaissance surveys have revealed that the seismic vulnerability of these facilities has resulted in huge economic losses mainly due to operational failures. As per ASCE 7, industrial facilities could be classified as building-like and nonbuilding-like types. In this paper, the fragility of building-like industrial facilities is focused. First, relevant design code requirements and provisions were summarized for further discussion on possible improvements. This is followed by a review of the latest techniques, challenges, and knowledge gaps related to the fragility development of building-like industrial facilities. The review indicates gaps in fragility development specific to seismic loss quantification. The need for updated design guidelines, component interdependencies, robust seismic modeling, and analysis techniques for improved decision-making are h...
Industrial facilities play a significant role in economic growth now and for the foreseeable futu... more Industrial facilities play a significant role in economic growth now and for the foreseeable future. However, past earthquake reconnaissance surveys have revealed that the seismic vulnerability of these facilities has resulted in huge economic losses mainly due to operational failures. As per ASCE 7, industrial facilities could be classified as buildinglike and nonbuilding-like types. In this paper, the fragility of building-like industrial facilities is focused. First, relevant design code requirements and provisions were summarized for further discussion on possible improvements. This is followed by a review of the latest techniques, challenges, and knowledge gaps related to the fragility development of building-like industrial facilities. The review indicates gaps in fragility development specific to seismic loss quantification. The need for updated design guidelines, component interdependencies, robust seismic modeling, and analysis techniques for improved decision-making are hence recommended.
Investigation of Seismic Behavior of Pallet Rack Frames
One of the most significant uses of cold-formed members is for steel storage racking structures, ... more One of the most significant uses of cold-formed members is for steel storage racking structures, such as pallet, drive in, and drive through racking systems. In the current competitive industry, pallets and storage racks may support heavy loads that have the potential to injure workers and damage equipment if the pallets and racks fail and loads fall. Hence, storage racks must remain structurally sound. Additionally, when subjected to earthquake loading, they can exhibit very large transverse displacement. In spite of their complexity, racks are able to carry heavy loads, though they are designed as lightly as possible, and industries often rely on 3-dimensional Finite Element Analysis to achieve this objective. This study, presents a Finite Element model of a conventional rack structure modeled using the commercial software SAP2000. In order to investigate the seismic behaviour of rack frames under real earthquake ground motions, the Time History Analysis was performed with rigid, semi-rigid and pinned connections.
Investigation of Seismic Behavior of Pallet Rack Frames
One of the most significant uses of cold-formed members is for steel storage racking structures, ... more One of the most significant uses of cold-formed members is for steel storage racking structures, such as pallet, drive in, and drive through racking systems. In the current competitive industry, pallets and storage racks may support heavy loads that have the potential to injure workers and damage equipment if the pallets and racks fail and loads fall. Hence, storage racks must remain structurally sound. Additionally, when subjected to earthquake loading, they can exhibit very large transverse displacement. In spite of their complexity, racks are able to carry heavy loads, though they are designed as lightly as possible, and industries often rely on 3-dimensional Finite Element Analysis to achieve this objective. This study, presents a Finite Element model of a conventional rack structure modeled using the commercial software SAP2000. In order to investigate the seismic behaviour of rack frames under real earthquake ground motions, the Time History Analysis was performed with rigid, ...
Pedestrian crossing facilities such as crosswalk, pedestrian foot bridges overpass and underpass ... more Pedestrian crossing facilities such as crosswalk, pedestrian foot bridges overpass and underpass at intersection or midblock with crossing facilities are designed to separate pedestrians from the moving vehicles hence improving safety of the pedestrians. Questionnaire survey was used to determine the factors influencing use and utilization of foot bridge by pedestrians in Kano city, Nigeria. The survey results show that 70% of the respondents were frequent users of the bridge while 30% were found not be using it. Analysis of the survey result shows that age and gender were statistically significant in the utilisation of the bridge with p-value of 0.041 and 0.002 respectively while education level was found to be statistically insignificant p-value = 0.688. The major reasons influencing pedestrian to use the bridge were safety (66%), barricades (25%), then traffic flow (9%). For the pedestrians that does not use the bridge, they describe the bridge height (38.5%) as the major reason ...
American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 2017
The need for a water tank is as old as civilization, to provide storage of water for use in many ... more The need for a water tank is as old as civilization, to provide storage of water for use in many applications. Design and cost estimation of water tanks is a time consuming task, which requires a great deal of expertise. All tanks are designed as crack free structure to eliminate any leakage. This project therefore studies the efficiency of rectangular or circular tanks, 40,000 liters capacities were used in order to draw reasonable inferences on tanks shape design effectiveness, relative cost implications of tank types and structural capacities. The basic tanks construction materials include steel reinforcement, concrete and formwork obtained from the prepared structural drawings. Result of the materials takeoff revealed that circular tank consumed lesser individual materials as compared to rectangular one. This will give circular shaped tanks more favored selection over the rectangular shaped tank, although some other factors must still be assessed.
American Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 2017
One of the most significant uses of cold-formed members is for steel storage racking structures, ... more One of the most significant uses of cold-formed members is for steel storage racking structures, such as pallet, drive in, and drive through racking systems. In the current competitive industry, pallets and storage racks may support heavy loads that have the potential to injure workers and damage equipment if the pallets and racks fail and loads fall. Hence, storage racks must remain structurally sound. Additionally, when subjected to earthquake loading, they can exhibit very large transverse displacement. In spite of their complexity, racks are able to carry heavy loads, though they are designed as lightly as possible, and industries often rely on 3-dimensional Finite Element Analysis to achieve this objective. This study, presents a Finite Element model of a conventional rack structure modeled using the commercial software SAP2000. In order to investigate the seismic behaviour of rack frames under real earthquake ground motions, the Time History Analysis was performed with rigid, semi-rigid and pinned connections. The study provided a strong case for the possible benefits of semirigid steel frames and motivated the need for detailed, accurate, and reliable analytical models of the connection. Neglecting semi-rigidity cause stiffening of frames resulting in shorter fundamental period and larger lateral displacement which in turn results in a significant error in the evaluation of dynamic loads.
Review of Seismic Fragility and Loss Quantification of Building-Like Industrial Facilities
Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology
Industrial facilities play a significant role in economic growth now and for the foreseeable futu... more Industrial facilities play a significant role in economic growth now and for the foreseeable future. However, past earthquake reconnaissance surveys have revealed that the seismic vulnerability of these facilities has resulted in huge economic losses mainly due to operational failures. As per ASCE 7, industrial facilities could be classified as building-like and nonbuilding-like types. In this paper, the fragility of building-like industrial facilities is focused. First, relevant design code requirements and provisions were summarized for further discussion on possible improvements. This is followed by a review of the latest techniques, challenges, and knowledge gaps related to the fragility development of building-like industrial facilities. The review indicates gaps in fragility development specific to seismic loss quantification. The need for updated design guidelines, component interdependencies, robust seismic modeling, and analysis techniques for improved decision-making are h...
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