BackgroundFemale Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a non-medical procedure entailing the modi... more BackgroundFemale Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a non-medical procedure entailing the modification of the external female genitalia. A description of the prevalence and distribution of FGM/C allows the tracking of progress towards ending FGM/C by 2030 (Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 5.3). This systematic review aimed to examine FGM/C prevalence and types, by World Health Organization (WHO) region and country.MethodsA systematic search using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords from 2009 to March 24, 2022 was undertaken in MEDLINE, PubMED, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase to identify studies presenting FGM/C prevalence. Abstract and full-text screening, quality assessment, and data extraction were undertaken by two reviewers. Only nationally representative studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled FGM/C prevalence was estimated by random-effects meta-analysis using generalised linear mixed models (GLMM). FGM/C prevalence with 95% confidence inte...
BackgroundThis systematic review aimed to identify and describe the factors that influence female... more BackgroundThis systematic review aimed to identify and describe the factors that influence female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C).MethodsSearches were conducted in Medline, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Embase and the grey literature from 2009 to March 2020 with no language restrictions, using related MESH terms and keywords. Studies were included if they were quantitative and examined factors associated with FGM/C. Two researchers independently screened studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed study quality. The direction, strength and consistency of the association were evaluated for determinants, presented as a descriptive summary, and were disaggregated by age and region.ResultsOf 2230 studies identified, 54 published articles were included. The majority of studies were from the African Region (n=29) followed by the Eastern Mediterranean Region (n=18). A lower level of maternal education, family history of FGM/C, or belonging to the Muslim religion (in certain contexts)...
Interactive community-based theatre is used to engage with audience members and allow for free ex... more Interactive community-based theatre is used to engage with audience members and allow for free exchange of ideas relevant to context. It aims to bring about a new understanding of an issue while challenging people's attitudes and perceptions. Its application within the field of sexual and reproductive health has been limited, particularly in low and middle-income contexts. This paper presents the rationale for a research-arts partnership in Jordan and describes the process and some lessons learned from the development and country-wide performances of a research-informed interactive play. The play, Mish 'Ayb (Not a Shame) was designed to address social barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive services in a patriarchal society. The sensitive portrayal by Jordanian actors of real-life scenarios pertaining to specific health issues encouraged identification of the audience with the actors, thereby building trust. This process helped to uncover cultural norms that facilitate and impede people's access to health services and information. Qualitative research designs that incorporate interactive theatre present a strong potential avenue to explore sensitive topics related to sexuality, particularly in patriarchal contexts.
We calculated the difference between the observed number of hip fractures in 2019 and the expecte... more We calculated the difference between the observed number of hip fractures in 2019 and the expected number of hip fractures given stable fracture rates. IFPPs in 2019 attributable to changes in prevalences of BMI > 25 were estimated according to sex and 5-year age groups from 50 to 85+. Results Hip fracture rates decreased by 28% from 1999 to 2019 with 2,549 fewer hip fractures observed than expected in 2019. The prevalences of BMI > 25 had increased in all age groups in both men and women over the time period. Unadjusted estimates showed that the increased prevalences of BMI > 25 accounted for~30% of the decline. Increased BMI explained~50% of the total number of IFFPs in men and~25% of the total IFPPs in women. Conclusion The incident hip fracture rates in Norway declined between 1999 and 2019. These preliminary results suggest that increased BMI in the population, reflecting a shift in the population BMI distribution, has significantly contributed to the declining hip fracture incidence, particularly in men.
The experiences of irregular combatants and the psychosocial impact of their participation in vio... more The experiences of irregular combatants and the psychosocial impact of their participation in violent conflict are poorly understood in comparison to the body of research available on military vete...
BackgroundFemale Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a non-medical procedure entailing the modi... more BackgroundFemale Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a non-medical procedure entailing the modification of the external female genitalia. A description of the prevalence and distribution of FGM/C allows the tracking of progress towards ending FGM/C by 2030 (Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 5.3). This systematic review aimed to examine FGM/C prevalence and types, by World Health Organization (WHO) region and country.MethodsA systematic search using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords from 2009 to March 24, 2022 was undertaken in MEDLINE, PubMED, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase to identify studies presenting FGM/C prevalence. Abstract and full-text screening, quality assessment, and data extraction were undertaken by two reviewers. Only nationally representative studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled FGM/C prevalence was estimated by random-effects meta-analysis using generalised linear mixed models (GLMM). FGM/C prevalence with 95% confidence inte...
BackgroundThis systematic review aimed to identify and describe the factors that influence female... more BackgroundThis systematic review aimed to identify and describe the factors that influence female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C).MethodsSearches were conducted in Medline, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Embase and the grey literature from 2009 to March 2020 with no language restrictions, using related MESH terms and keywords. Studies were included if they were quantitative and examined factors associated with FGM/C. Two researchers independently screened studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed study quality. The direction, strength and consistency of the association were evaluated for determinants, presented as a descriptive summary, and were disaggregated by age and region.ResultsOf 2230 studies identified, 54 published articles were included. The majority of studies were from the African Region (n=29) followed by the Eastern Mediterranean Region (n=18). A lower level of maternal education, family history of FGM/C, or belonging to the Muslim religion (in certain contexts)...
Interactive community-based theatre is used to engage with audience members and allow for free ex... more Interactive community-based theatre is used to engage with audience members and allow for free exchange of ideas relevant to context. It aims to bring about a new understanding of an issue while challenging people's attitudes and perceptions. Its application within the field of sexual and reproductive health has been limited, particularly in low and middle-income contexts. This paper presents the rationale for a research-arts partnership in Jordan and describes the process and some lessons learned from the development and country-wide performances of a research-informed interactive play. The play, Mish 'Ayb (Not a Shame) was designed to address social barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive services in a patriarchal society. The sensitive portrayal by Jordanian actors of real-life scenarios pertaining to specific health issues encouraged identification of the audience with the actors, thereby building trust. This process helped to uncover cultural norms that facilitate and impede people's access to health services and information. Qualitative research designs that incorporate interactive theatre present a strong potential avenue to explore sensitive topics related to sexuality, particularly in patriarchal contexts.
We calculated the difference between the observed number of hip fractures in 2019 and the expecte... more We calculated the difference between the observed number of hip fractures in 2019 and the expected number of hip fractures given stable fracture rates. IFPPs in 2019 attributable to changes in prevalences of BMI > 25 were estimated according to sex and 5-year age groups from 50 to 85+. Results Hip fracture rates decreased by 28% from 1999 to 2019 with 2,549 fewer hip fractures observed than expected in 2019. The prevalences of BMI > 25 had increased in all age groups in both men and women over the time period. Unadjusted estimates showed that the increased prevalences of BMI > 25 accounted for~30% of the decline. Increased BMI explained~50% of the total number of IFFPs in men and~25% of the total IFPPs in women. Conclusion The incident hip fracture rates in Norway declined between 1999 and 2019. These preliminary results suggest that increased BMI in the population, reflecting a shift in the population BMI distribution, has significantly contributed to the declining hip fracture incidence, particularly in men.
The experiences of irregular combatants and the psychosocial impact of their participation in vio... more The experiences of irregular combatants and the psychosocial impact of their participation in violent conflict are poorly understood in comparison to the body of research available on military vete...
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Papers by Zeinab Dirani