Papers by Zain Ul Abideen
BioMed Research International
The current study is aimed at examining the overall effects of steroids on the tissues of organis... more The current study is aimed at examining the overall effects of steroids on the tissues of organisms and pharmacotherapeutics and pharmaco-histokinetics of several steroids, including Bromocriptine as mesylate and estradiol valerate in common quails (Coturnix coturnix). A total of 100 birds were used for pharmaco-histokinetics. The research was carried out in two separate trials, one during the fall season and the other during the spring season. Each experiment lasted for five, ten, fifteen, and twenty days. Each study group used 20 birds while basing their experiments on a control group of 5. At the stretch of five, ten, fifteen, and twenty days in each season, therapeutic dosages were administered to a sum of two groups representing two separate steroid trial groups. Each steroid was administered to each bird in a therapeutic dose, which was three drops administered twice daily. Clinical symptoms include despondency, sluggishness, and variations in weight and temperature that almos...
Cornell University - arXiv, Apr 1, 2022
Neural networks (NNs) are already deployed in hardware today, becoming valuable intellectual prop... more Neural networks (NNs) are already deployed in hardware today, becoming valuable intellectual property (IP) as many hours are invested in their training and optimization. Therefore, attackers may be interested in copying, reverse engineering, or even modifying this IP. The current practices in hardware obfuscation, including the widely studied logic locking technique, are insufficient to protect the actual IP of a well-trained NN: its weights. Simply hiding the weights behind a key-based scheme is inefficient (resource-hungry) and inadequate (attackers can exploit knowledge distillation). This paper proposes an intuitive method to poison the predictions that prevent distillation-based attacks; this is the first work to consider such a poisoning approach in hardware-implemented NNs. The proposed technique obfuscates a NN so an attacker cannot train the NN entirely or accurately. We elaborate a threat model which highlights the difference between random logic obfuscation and the obfuscation of NN IP. Based on this threat model, our security analysis shows that the poisoning successfully and significantly reduces the accuracy of the stolen NN model on various representative datasets. Moreover, the accuracy and prediction distributions are maintained, no functionality is disturbed, nor are high overheads incurred. Finally, we highlight that our proposed approach is flexible and does not require manipulation of the NN toolchain.
Applied Sciences
Classification and regression are the major applications of machine learning algorithms which are... more Classification and regression are the major applications of machine learning algorithms which are widely used to solve problems in numerous domains of engineering and computer science. Different classifiers based on the optimization of the decision tree have been proposed, however, it is still evolving over time. This paper presents a novel and robust classifier based on a decision tree and tabu search algorithms, respectively. In the aim of improving performance, our proposed algorithm constructs multiple decision trees while employing a tabu search algorithm to consistently monitor the leaf and decision nodes in the corresponding decision trees. Additionally, the used tabu search algorithm is responsible to balance the entropy of the corresponding decision trees. For training the model, we used the clinical data of COVID-19 patients to predict whether a patient is suffering. The experimental results were obtained using our proposed classifier based on the built-in sci-kit learn li...
2021 24th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)
Polynomial multiplication is a bottleneck in most of the public-key cryptography protocols, inclu... more Polynomial multiplication is a bottleneck in most of the public-key cryptography protocols, including Elliptic-curve cryptography and several of the post-quantum cryptography algorithms presently being studied. In this paper, we present a library of various large integer polynomial multipliers to be used in hardware cryptocores. Our library contains both digitized and non-digitized multiplier flavours for circuit designers to choose from. The library is supported by a C++ generator that automatically produces the multipliers' logic in Verilog HDL that is amenable for FPGA and ASIC designs. Moreover, for ASICs, it also generates configurable and parameterizable synthesis scripts. The features of the generator allow for a quick generation and assessment of several architectures at the same time, thus allowing a designer to easily explore the (complex) optimization search space of polynomial multiplication. Index Terms-schoolbook multiplier, karatsuba multiplier, toom cook multiplier, digitized polynomial multiplication, Large integer polynomial multipliers
Electronics, 2020
Security of currently deployed public-key cryptography algorithms is foreseen to be vulnerable ag... more Security of currently deployed public-key cryptography algorithms is foreseen to be vulnerable against quantum computer attacks. Hence, a community effort exists to develop post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms, most notably the NIST PQC standardization competition. In this work, we have investigated how lattice-based candidate algorithms fare when implemented in hardware. To achieve this, we have assessed 12 lattice-based algorithms in order to identify their basic building blocks. We assume the algorithms will be implemented in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) platform and the targeted technology is 65 nm. To estimate the characteristics of each algorithm, we have assessed the following characteristics: memory requirements, use of multipliers, and use of hashing functions. Furthermore, for these building blocks, we have collected area and power figures for all studied algorithms by making use of commercial memory compilers and standard cells. Our results reve...
Abstract:<br> Objective: The main aim of the study was to find the effects which were cause... more Abstract:<br> Objective: The main aim of the study was to find the effects which were caused by the use of performance enhancing drugs in medical students.<br> Place and Duration of study: This study was carried out in a duration on 14 months from December 2018 to February 2020 in King Edward Medical University Lahore.<br> Study Design: It was a cross sectional study.<br> Materials and Methods: A total of 100 students from medical college were selected randomly and divided into 4 groups i.e. second year, third year, fourth year and final year. There were 25 students in each group and a carefully designed questionnaire was given randomly on alternate days in each group. Proforma was sealed and later analyzed.<br> Results: 19-25 years was the mean age of the students who were filling the questionnaire. Maximum use of performance enhancing drugs use was seen in male students of 22 years and least use was seen in male students of 19 years of age. In females...
Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2021
Background: Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) are a recent addition to... more Background: Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) are a recent addition to the armamentarium for treating type 2 diabetes. Over the last couple of years, these agents have been studied in patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure. Results of the EMPA-REG (Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients), CANVAS (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study) and DECLARE-TIMI (Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) have clearly shown SGLT2 inhibitors to be beneficial for patients with heart failure. FDA has approved Canagliflozin and Dapagliflozin for reduction of risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 Diabetes with established Cardiovascular disease. This study was conducted to determine the current utilization trends of SGLT2 inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetics admitted with congestive heart failure exacerbation at Abington Memorial Hos...
Economic crisis are becoming more frequent, due to which the economies are going in and out of re... more Economic crisis are becoming more frequent, due to which the economies are going in and out of recession continuously. Large organizations have the potential to survive recessions because of their huge financial base but problem becomes severe when to SMEs'. SMEs' are the backbone of every economy; they are small in size but large in numbers. In Malaysia, SMEs' contribute 32% of GDP and employ 59% of workforce. In this paper, authors have tried to establish a relationship between organizational crisis management preparedness with organizational performance, organization experience, CEO characteristics and risk attitude. It has been proposed that these factors have the potential to influence the organizations crisis management preparedness in SMEs' in Malaysia.
Pakistan BioMedical Journal, 2021
Conjunctivitis is very common type of ocular problem occurring worldwide due to many type of micr... more Conjunctivitis is very common type of ocular problem occurring worldwide due to many type of microorganism and if not managed appropriately and timely can lead to corneal perforation or blindness Objective: To find out the frequency of conjunctivitis among farmers in District Vehari. Method: It was community based, cross sectional descriptive study, quantitative method was applied. The villages were selected randomly and subjects were communicated by door to door approach and examined personally with the help of ophthalmoscope and torch light. Result: A Total 200 Farmers were examined during the study period in which 33 (16.5%) Farmers were found to have conjunctivitis. Among these 29 (14.5%) patients had bacterial and 4 patients (2%) had viral conjunctivitis. And no patient was found to had allergic conjunctivitis. Conclusion: Protective measures are very important to protect eyes from any sort of pathogens and in this study maximum population were not using any protective measu...
Applied Sciences, 2020
This paper uses a neural network approach transformer of taxi driver behavior to predict the next... more This paper uses a neural network approach transformer of taxi driver behavior to predict the next destination with geographical factors. The problem of predicting the next destination is a well-studied application of human mobility, for reducing traffic congestion and optimizing the electronic dispatching system’s performance. According to the Intelligent Transport System (ITS), this kind of task is usually modeled as a multi-class problem. We propose the novel model Deep Wide Spatial-Temporal-Based Transformer Networks (DWSTTNs). In our approach, the encoder and decoder are the transformer’s primary units; with the help of Location-Based Social Networks (LBSN), we encode the geographical information based on visited semantic locations. In particular, we trained our model for the exact longitude and latitude coordinates to predict the next destination. The benefit in the real world of this kind of research is to reduce the customer waiting time for a ride and driver waiting time to ...
Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research, 2021
Hepatitis C virus has infected over 200 million people worldwide and is the most common blood-bor... more Hepatitis C virus has infected over 200 million people worldwide and is the most common blood-borne disease. Pakistan has the HCV prevalence rate of over 8%. A literature search has been performed using different keywords in different databases i.e. PubMed, Google Scholar, and NCBI. 6.2% prevalence rate was found in the general population, 4.13% in healthcare workers and a higher prevalence rate was observed in injection drug users and multi transfusion population. Use of injection was very frequent among the Pakistani population, reuse and sharing of syringes have an association with HCV infections. In Pakistan most prevalent genotype of HIV was 3a. Knowledge about HCV and its risk factors also varies with the educational background. Blood donors should be screened for HCV, awareness campaigns about different risk factors should be initiated at the government level, and strict regulation on healthcare waste should be implemented, these might help in preventing its spread to healthy...
Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Economics and Finance, 2020
Turnover of employees is a big challenge for nearly every organization. Whereas, HR related polic... more Turnover of employees is a big challenge for nearly every organization. Whereas, HR related policies and practices have huge impact on turnover intentions (TI) of employees in many contexts as such policies impact the attachment of the employees with the organization by enhancing their organizational commitment levels and thus leading to a considerable attention towards high commitment work-system (HCWS). The main aim of this study is to explore the relationship between HCWS and TI of employees, with the role of workload as a mediator between HCWS and TI of employees. This study is a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional and quantitative where survey approach was used by focusing on employees, selected through convenience sampling approach, in banking sector (both public and private sector banks in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Correlation, OLS regression analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and KMO and Bartlett's tests were used for data analysis purposes. Results show the significant positive relationship between the HCWS and TI of employees, while the role of workload as a mediator variable between the HCWS and TI of employees was also confirmed. This study is important one as it extends the understanding through contributing to the literature related to employees' TI and HCWS in the context of banking sector of Pakistan. Future study should focus on other study setting with longitudinal approach.
Applied Sciences, 2020
Recently, for public safety and traffic management, traffic flow prediction is a crucial task. Th... more Recently, for public safety and traffic management, traffic flow prediction is a crucial task. The citywide traffic flow problem is still a big challenge in big cities because of many complex factors. However, to handle some complex factors, e.g., spatial-temporal and some external factors in the intelligent traffic flow forecasting problem, spatial-temporal data for urban applications (i.e., travel time estimation, trajectory planning, taxi demand, traffic congestion, and the regional rainfall) is inherently stochastic and unpredictable. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning-based novel model called “multi-branching spatial-temporal attention-based long-short term memory residual unit (MBSTALRU)” for the citywide traffic flow from lower-level layers to high-level layers, simultaneously. In our work, initially, we have modeled the traffic flow with spatial correlations multiple 3D volume layers and propose the novel multi-branching scheme to control the spatial-temporal feature...
Cureus, 2020
Acute pulmonary embolism is a common medical condition that clinicians face in practice. It is im... more Acute pulmonary embolism is a common medical condition that clinicians face in practice. It is important to have a prompt diagnosis with proper management as it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, a timely diagnosis is often difficult to obtain especially when the presenting symptoms are atypical, but the consequence could be fatal. We present an 80year-old gentleman who presented with a near-syncope episode who subsequently was found to have acute extensive bilateral pulmonary embolisms after a code blue event.
American Journal of Transplantation, 2020
, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coron... more , an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, and spread to other regions in China. 1,2 As of March 15 2020, more than 81 000 confirmed cases infected with COVID-19 have been identified in China, of them 3204 patients died. Given that the current COVID-19 outbreak is moving rapidly, there have been 72 469 accumulated confirmed cases reported in over 140 countries/areas around the world (http://www.who.int). 3 COVID-19 pandemic may be an increasing challenge for transplant community. Temporary closure of donation and cessation of transplantation would be in consideration in the epidemic area. 4 Transplant patients are susceptible population to SARS-CoV-2, with majorities usually require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. Immunosuppression that reduce cell-mediated immunity may prolong shedding of coronavirus and increase the risk of infectious complications. 5 However, it is recently reported that immunosuppressed patients are not at increased risk of severe pulmonary disease compared to the general population and there are no reasons to postpone transplantation during COVID-19 outbreaks. 6 Indeed, there is not yet enough data to describe the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in transplant population since it is ongoing. Though the information about COVID-19 is evolving rapidly, whether COVID-19 has donor-to-recipient transmission and its short term or long-term impact on infected immunocompromised patients is still unclear. So far, literature reports on COVID-19 infection in solid organ transplantation are limited. Herein, we report a liver transplant recipient who has recovered from severe COVID-19 pneumonia. 2 | MATERIAL S AND ME THODS We retrospectively collected and analyzed data on a liver transplant recipient with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Data were obtained from electronic medical records. We also directly communicated with the recipient and his family to ascertain epidemiological
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, 2017
Nanostructured materials have attracted considerable research interest over the recent decades be... more Nanostructured materials have attracted considerable research interest over the recent decades because of their potential applications in nanoengineering and nanotechnology. On the other hand, the developments in nanotechnology are strongly dependent on the availability of new materials with novel and engineered morphologies. Among the novel nanomaterials reported thus far, composite nanofibers (NFs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years. In particular, metal oxide NFs have great potential for the development of gas sensors. Highly sensitive and selective gas sensors can be developed by using composite NFs owing to their large surface area and abundance of grain boundaries. In composite NFs, gas sensing properties can be enhanced greatly by tailoring the conduction channel and surface properties by compositional modifications using the synergistic effects of different materials and forming heterointerfaces. This review focuses on the gas sensing properties of composite NFs synthesized by an electrospinning (ES) method. The synthesis of the composite NFs by the ES method and the sensing mechanisms involved in different types of composite NFs are presented along with the future perspectives of composite NFs.
Cureus, Jan 3, 2017
Carbon monoxide poisoning is common and carries significant morbidity and mortality. The nervous ... more Carbon monoxide poisoning is common and carries significant morbidity and mortality. The nervous system, particularly the brain, is frequently affected by it, owing to its high metabolic activity and oxygen requirements. Carbon monoxide damages the nervous system by both hypoxic and inflammatory mechanisms. Central diabetes insipidus is an extremely rare complication of carbon monoxide poisoning. Herein, we report the case of a young lady, who developed this complication and severe hypernatremia after accidental carbon monoxide poisoning. She also developed a hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state during the treatment for hypernatremia. To the best of our knowledge, both these entities have not been reported together in association with carbon monoxide poisoning. The purpose of this article is to emphasize the anticipation and early recognition of central diabetes insipidus in carbon monoxide poisoning. This can prevent severe hypernatremia and complications associated with its presence a...
Cureus, 2016
Acute alcohol intoxication is a common cause of emergency visits worldwide. Although moderate alc... more Acute alcohol intoxication is a common cause of emergency visits worldwide. Although moderate alcohol consumption is protective against coronary artery disease, binge drinking is associated with adverse cardiovascular and neurological outcomes and may even cause sudden death. Although, few past accounts of venous thrombosis with alcohol binge drinking are available, arterial thrombosis with the condition has never been reported in the literature. We present the unusual case of a young Afghan male, who presented to us with painful, tender and swollen legs three days after a heavy alcohol binge on a Saturday night. He was diagnosed as a case of acute limb ischemia secondary to massive abdominal aorta and bilateral femoral artery thrombosis. He also had acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis. Cardiac workup revealed new onset paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and a large thrombus in the left ventricular cavity. His blood ethanol level was high. He was treated by a multidisciplinary team; urgent surgical thrombectomy for thrombotic complications, intravenous fluid hydration and later renal replacement therapy for acute renal failure. To the best of our knowledge, such a constellation of clinical features in association with severe acute alcohol intoxication has not been reported in the literature. We believe, the procoagulant nature of high blood ethanol levels and the onset of atrial fibrillation after the heavy alcohol binge, known as the holiday heart syndrome, precipitated the thrombotic events leading to rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. Through this case, we conclude that a very heavy alcohol binge may cause thrombotic occlusion of the abdominal aorta and femoral arteries resulting in ischemic rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. A high index of suspicion must be kept, especially for a patient presenting with tender, swollen lower limbs and acute renal failure after an alcohol binge.
Cureus, 2016
Immunoglobulin M nephropathy (IgMN) is characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin M in a d... more Immunoglobulin M nephropathy (IgMN) is characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin M in a dominant distribution in the renal glomeruli. Primary immunoglobulin M nephropathy is diagnosed after consistent light microscopy (LM), immunofluorescence (IF), electron microscopy (EM) results, and exclusion of known systemic disorders causing immunoglobulin M deposition in the glomeruli. The secondary disease has been reported with a few conditions though it has never been reported with any primary disease of the liver. We report the case of an adolescent male patient who presented with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and worsening anasarca. He was found to have nephrotic-range proteinuria that did not respond to conventional corticosteroid treatment. He was subjected to a renal biopsy which revealed a diagnosis of immunoglobulin M nephropathy. His liver function tests were deranged and an ultrasound scan of the abdomen revealed a coarse irregular liver. Workup revealed elevated urine copper excretion and a low ceruloplasmin level. He was diagnosed as a case of Wilson's disease and started on penicillamine and pyridoxine. He was also started on intravenous cyclophosphamide for the corticosteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome to which he responded remarkably well. His edema settled, proteinuria resolved, and liver functions normalized. Currently, he is in remission and enjoying good health. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first known association between IgM nephropathy and Wilson's disease. It is presently not clear if causation can necessarily be established. This may be the result of defective IgM clearance by the liver or an altered metabolism of the antibody or immune complexes, as with hepatic-associated immunoglobulin M (IgM) nephropathy. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of this disease.
Sensors, 2016
Functionalization of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on oxide materials is a commonly employed techniqu... more Functionalization of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on oxide materials is a commonly employed technique for enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of materials for gas sensing applications. In this study, we functionalized electrospinning-synthesized SnO 2 nanofibers (NFs) with various amounts of Pt NPs to enhance the toluene-sensing properties. In particular, Pt NPs were prepared by deposition of Pt films by sputtering and subsequent heat treatment. Electronic and chemical sensitizations by the Pt NPs were responsible for the improved toluene sensitivity. The best sensing properties were achieved at an optimized amount of Pt NPs, showing a volcano shape in relation to the amount of Pt NPs. The method used in this study is useful for the development of toluene-sensitive and-selective chemiresistive NF-based gas sensors.
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Papers by Zain Ul Abideen