Sampling and analysis of carbonaceous compounds in particulate matter presents a number of diffic... more Sampling and analysis of carbonaceous compounds in particulate matter presents a number of difficulties related to artefacts during sampling and to the distinction between organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) during analysis. Our study reports on a comparative analysis of OC, EC and WSOC (water-soluble organic carbon) concentrations, as well as sampling artefacts, for PM2.5 aerosol in three European cities (Amsterdam, Barcelona and Ghent) representing Southern and Western European urban environments. Comparability of results was ensured by using a single system for sample analysis from the different sites. OC and EC concentrations were higher in the vicinity of roads, thus having higher levels in Amsterdam (3.9-6.7 and 1.7-1.9 mg m À3 , respectively) and Barcelona (3.6-6.9 and 1.5-2.6 mg m À3) than in Ghent (2.7-5.4 and 0.8-1.2 mg m À3). A relatively larger influence of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), as deduced from a larger OC/EC ratio, was observed in Ghent. In absolute sense, WSOC concentrations were similar at the three sites (1.0-2.3 mg m À3). Positive artefacts were higher in Southern (11-16% of the OC concentration in Barcelona) than in Western Europe (5-12% in Amsterdam, 5-7% in Ghent). During special episodes, the contribution of carbonaceous aerosols from nonlocal sources accounted for 67-69% of the OC concentration in Western Europe, and for 44% in Southern Europe.
Sampling of particulate matter (PM) with filter media is subject to the influence of positive and... more Sampling of particulate matter (PM) with filter media is subject to the influence of positive and negative artefacts. The complexity of these measurements derives from the use of different instrumentation, face velocities, and filter types. Carbonaceous compounds are one of the main PM chemical components affected by these artefacts. In this study, two main types of artefacts were evaluated at an urban site in Ghent (Belgium) during the summer period: those related to the sampling procedure (high-or low-volume samplers) and those related to the adsorption and/or volatilization of carbonaceous species. For their measurement, two high-volume (PM10 and PM2.5) samplers with single quartz fiber filters and two low-volume PM2.5 samplers (one of them coupled to an annular diffusion denuder) with double quartz fiber filters (front and backup) were used. PM2.5 mass concentrations measured by means of the lowvolume sampler (front filter) were, on average, 31% higher than those registered with the high-volume sampler. PM2.5 mass concentrations registered with the low-volume sampler coupled to the diffusion denuder represented 88% of the PM2.5 mass collected with the undenuded low-volume sampler. Similar values for organic carbon (OC) were recorded for the high-and low-volume samplers. Front filter OC levels for the denuded samples represented 66% of the front filter OC mass on the undenuded samples. Using the backup filter OC data to apply a correction to the front filter data as suggested by Mader et al. (2003) only marginally reduced the discrepancy between the undenuded and denuded OC data, indicating that such correction does not result in consistent OC data for an urban area in Western Europe during summer.
Measurements of nitrogen dioxide, nitrous and nitric acids as well as ozone were made using newly... more Measurements of nitrogen dioxide, nitrous and nitric acids as well as ozone were made using newly developed instrumentation onboard the research vessel Aegeon in the Aegean Sea between 25th-29th July 2000. Typical nitrogen dioxide concentrations observed aboard the boat were 4-6 ppb (v/v) with a broad maximum of 20-30 ppb (v/v). Ozone concentrations typically ranged between 40 and 80 ppb (v/v). Mixing ratios of both nitric and nitrous acids in the ambient air of the Aegean Sea were mainly below 50 ppt (v/v). The data also showed a number of short pollution episodes with rapid changes in the concentration of reactive nitrogen compounds [nitrogen dioxide maximum up to 164 ppb (v/v), nitric acid maximum up to 12 ppb (v/v), nitrous acid maximum up to 2.7 ppb (v/v)] and ozone [maximum up to 88 ppb (v/v)]. These episodes were correlated with pollution plumes originating from boats upwind, at short distance, from the R/V Aegeon. The measurements revealed the importance of nitrous and nitric acids for the transport of nitrogen to marine biota in busy ship lanes.
Calculation of deposited dose of PbO nanoparticles in the experiments. Figures S1, S2: The size d... more Calculation of deposited dose of PbO nanoparticles in the experiments. Figures S1, S2: The size distribution of nanoparticles with respect to the number of particles per unit volume in inhaled air and STEM images of PbO nanoparticles collected on TEM grids. Figures S3, S4: Weight of organs in the experiments. Figure S5: Effect of lead nanoparticles on spleen following 6 weeks exposure to PbO nanoparticles. Figure S6: Detection of proliferating cells in brain tissue. Tables S1, S2: Lead concentration in organs following 6 weeks exposure in the experiments. Tables S3, S4: Pathological changes in kidney, liver and lung in the experiments. (DOCX 4862 kb)
Daily PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected at an urban background monitoring site in Barcelona (... more Daily PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected at an urban background monitoring site in Barcelona (Spain) in summer and winter 2004. The instrumentation used consisted of two high-volume (PM10 and PM2.5) and two low-volume samplers (PM2.5), one of them coupled to an annular diffusion denuder aiming to evaluate the influence of sampling artefacts related to the adsorption of volatile carbonaceous species. Quartz fibre filters of 15 cm and 47 mm diameter were used as collection substrates (Schleicher & Schuell QF20 and Whatman QM-A, respectively). The resulting samples were analysed for organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Total carbon (TC) was calculated as OC+EC. The present study aimed to (a) determine maximum (winter) and minimum (summer) OC/EC/ TC/WSOC levels in the study area, and (b) assess the magnitude and influence of positive sampling artefacts. Mean levels of TC in PM2.5 ranged from 4 to 5 mg m À3 in summer to 7-10 mg m À3 in winter with the different samplers (5 and 8 mg m À3 , respectively, in PM10, one sampler); OC levels in PM2.5 were 3-4 mg m À3 in summer and 6-7 mg m À3 in winter (4 and 6 mg m À3 in PM10); EC levels in PM2.5 ranged from 1 to 2 mg m À3 in summer to 1-3 mg m À3 in winter (1 and 2 mg m À3 in PM10). Thus, OC/EC/TC winter levels were higher than summer levels by a factor of 1.7-2. WSOC levels were 1.6 mg m À3 in PM2.5 and PM10 in summer, and 2.1 mg m À3 (PM2.5) and 1.9 mg m À3 (PM10) in winter. The results indicate that positive artefacts for OC accounted for 0.5-0.7 mg m À3 , representing 11-16% of the raw OC mass and 3% of the PM2.5 mass. Sampling artefacts for OC were slightly higher in summer. EC levels were similar for the low-volume samplers and unusually low for the high-volume samplers, suggesting that EC determination could be influenced by the filter type.
h i g h l i g h t s < Analysis of 16 PAHs, 4 hopanes and aaa (20R)-cholestane in PM1 aerosols. < ... more h i g h l i g h t s < Analysis of 16 PAHs, 4 hopanes and aaa (20R)-cholestane in PM1 aerosols. < Winter and summer samples of 2009 and 2010 in Brno and Slapanice. < Molecular markers and diagnostic ratios for identification of emission sources. < Traffic and combustion of coal and wood identified as main emission sources of PM1.
The concentrations of monosaccharide anhydrides (levoglucosan, mannosan, galactosan) in PM1 and P... more The concentrations of monosaccharide anhydrides (levoglucosan, mannosan, galactosan) in PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol samples were measured in Brno and Slapanice in the Czech Republic in winter and summer 2009. 56 aerosol samples were collected together at both sites to investigate the different sources that contribute to aerosol composition in studied localities. Daily PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol samples were collected on pre-fired quartz fibre filters. The sum of average atmospheric concentration of levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan in PM1 aerosol in Slapanice and Brno during winter was 513 and 273 ng m À3 , while in summer the sum of average atmospheric concentration of monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) was 42 and 38 ng m À3 , respectively. The sum of average atmospheric concentration of MAs in PM1 aerosol formed 71 and 63% of the sum of MA concentration in PM2.5 aerosol collected in winter in Slapanice and Brno, whereas in summer the sum of average atmospheric concentration of MAs in PM1 aerosol formed 45 and 43% of the sum of MA concentration in PM2.5 aerosol in Slapanice and Brno, respectively. In winter, the sum of MAs contributed significantly to PM1 mass ranging between 1.37% and 2.67% of PM1 mass (Brno e Slapanice), while in summer the contribution of the sum of MAs was smaller (0.28 e0.32%). Contribution of the sum of MAs to PM2.5 mass is similar both in winter (1.37e2.71%) and summer (0.44e0.55%). The higher concentrations of monosaccharide anhydrides in aerosols in Slapanice indicate higher biomass combustion in this location than in Brno during winter season. The comparison of levoglucosan concentration in PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol shows prevailing presence of levoglucosan in PM1 aerosol both in winter (72% on average) and summer (60% on average). The aerosol samples collected in Slapanice and Brno in winter and summer show comparable contributions of levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan to the total amount of monosaccharide anhydrides in both aerosol size fractions. Levoglucosan was the most abundant monosaccharide anhydride with a relative average contribution to the total amount of MAs in the range of 71e82% for PM1 aerosols and 52e79% for PM2.5 aerosols.
The construction of original functional sample of the portable device for fast analysis of energe... more The construction of original functional sample of the portable device for fast analysis of energetic materials has been described in the paper. The portable device consisting of two parts – an original miniaturized microcolumn liquid chromatograph and a unique chemiluminescence detector – has been proposed and realized. In a very short time, this portable device is capable of identifying selectively most of military nitramine- and nitroesterbased explosives as well as inorganic nitrates occurring in trace concentrations in water or in soil. The total time required for the identification of extracts is shorter than 8 minutes.
The principle of mass transfer analytes in the wet effluent diffusion denuder (WEDD) and the aero... more The principle of mass transfer analytes in the wet effluent diffusion denuder (WEDD) and the aerodispersive enrichment unit (AEU) is explained. The spirits of WEDD and AEU are discussed in details and the application of these wet preconcentration techniques for "real time" determination of gaseous pollutants in ambient air, which are concerned of our long-time interest, is documented.
The paper deals with the development of portable aerosol concentrator and its application for the... more The paper deals with the development of portable aerosol concentrator and its application for the determination of nitrites and nitrates. The device enables the continuous trapping of pollutants in the air. An extensive literature search has been elaborated which aims at the development of samplers and the possibilities of their application in the continuous determination of volatile organic compounds. The practical part of the paper is focused on the development of the portable aerosol concentrator. The device using the Aerosol Enrichment Unit has been experimentally verified and subsequently realized. It operates on the principle of equilibrium accumulation of pollutants from the gaseous phase using absorption liquid polydisperse aerosol. The device has been applied for monitoring nitrites and nitrates in the air. The chemiluminescence detector was used for detection; the achieved detection limit for nitrites was 28 ng/m3 and for nitrates 78 ng/m3.
As part of the European project SUB-AERO, comprehensive aerosol and gaseous pollutant measurement... more As part of the European project SUB-AERO, comprehensive aerosol and gaseous pollutant measurement campaigns were performed at the Finokalia station (July 2000 and January 2001) on the island of Crete (Greece) in combination with boat measurements in the eastern part of the Mediterranean area. The measurements were performed with the participation of nine European research institutions. The objective of the measurement campaigns was to evaluate and assess the spatial and temporal variability of photochemical pollutants and fine particles. The current overview paper presents the framework and main results of the measurements and modelling studies performed during the project. Extensive measurements of gaseous and atmospheric-aerosol physical, chemical and optical characteristics were performed during the measurement campaigns in conjunction with detailed chemical analyses of the aerosol species. Along with the experimental work mesoscale modelling, using a combination of the UAM-AERO air quality model together with the RAMS prognostic meteorological model, was used to reveal the dynamics of particulate matter and photo-oxidants. Furthermore, regional chemistry transport models were applied to determine the background and initial conditions for the mesoscale modelling.
Abstract—The submitted paper deals with the problems of trapping and enriching the gases and aero... more Abstract—The submitted paper deals with the problems of trapping and enriching the gases and aerosols of the substances to be determined in the ambient atmosphere. Further, the paper is focused on the working principle of the miniaturized portable continuous concentrator we have designed and the possibilities of its application in air sampling and accumulation of organic and inorganic substances with which the air is contaminated. The stress is laid on trapping vapours and aerosols of solid substances with the comparatively low vapour tension such as explosive compounds. Keywords—Detectors of explosives, portable continuous concentrator, misuse of explosive, terrorism. T I.
Sampling and analysis of carbonaceous compounds in particulate matter presents a number of diffic... more Sampling and analysis of carbonaceous compounds in particulate matter presents a number of difficulties related to artefacts during sampling and to the distinction between organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) during analysis. Our study reports on a comparative analysis of OC, EC and WSOC (water-soluble organic carbon) concentrations, as well as sampling artefacts, for PM2.5 aerosol in three European cities (Amsterdam, Barcelona and Ghent) representing Southern and Western European urban environments. Comparability of results was ensured by using a single system for sample analysis from the different sites. OC and EC concentrations were higher in the vicinity of roads, thus having higher levels in Amsterdam (3.9-6.7 and 1.7-1.9 mg m À3 , respectively) and Barcelona (3.6-6.9 and 1.5-2.6 mg m À3) than in Ghent (2.7-5.4 and 0.8-1.2 mg m À3). A relatively larger influence of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), as deduced from a larger OC/EC ratio, was observed in Ghent. In absolute sense, WSOC concentrations were similar at the three sites (1.0-2.3 mg m À3). Positive artefacts were higher in Southern (11-16% of the OC concentration in Barcelona) than in Western Europe (5-12% in Amsterdam, 5-7% in Ghent). During special episodes, the contribution of carbonaceous aerosols from nonlocal sources accounted for 67-69% of the OC concentration in Western Europe, and for 44% in Southern Europe.
Sampling of particulate matter (PM) with filter media is subject to the influence of positive and... more Sampling of particulate matter (PM) with filter media is subject to the influence of positive and negative artefacts. The complexity of these measurements derives from the use of different instrumentation, face velocities, and filter types. Carbonaceous compounds are one of the main PM chemical components affected by these artefacts. In this study, two main types of artefacts were evaluated at an urban site in Ghent (Belgium) during the summer period: those related to the sampling procedure (high-or low-volume samplers) and those related to the adsorption and/or volatilization of carbonaceous species. For their measurement, two high-volume (PM10 and PM2.5) samplers with single quartz fiber filters and two low-volume PM2.5 samplers (one of them coupled to an annular diffusion denuder) with double quartz fiber filters (front and backup) were used. PM2.5 mass concentrations measured by means of the lowvolume sampler (front filter) were, on average, 31% higher than those registered with the high-volume sampler. PM2.5 mass concentrations registered with the low-volume sampler coupled to the diffusion denuder represented 88% of the PM2.5 mass collected with the undenuded low-volume sampler. Similar values for organic carbon (OC) were recorded for the high-and low-volume samplers. Front filter OC levels for the denuded samples represented 66% of the front filter OC mass on the undenuded samples. Using the backup filter OC data to apply a correction to the front filter data as suggested by Mader et al. (2003) only marginally reduced the discrepancy between the undenuded and denuded OC data, indicating that such correction does not result in consistent OC data for an urban area in Western Europe during summer.
Measurements of nitrogen dioxide, nitrous and nitric acids as well as ozone were made using newly... more Measurements of nitrogen dioxide, nitrous and nitric acids as well as ozone were made using newly developed instrumentation onboard the research vessel Aegeon in the Aegean Sea between 25th-29th July 2000. Typical nitrogen dioxide concentrations observed aboard the boat were 4-6 ppb (v/v) with a broad maximum of 20-30 ppb (v/v). Ozone concentrations typically ranged between 40 and 80 ppb (v/v). Mixing ratios of both nitric and nitrous acids in the ambient air of the Aegean Sea were mainly below 50 ppt (v/v). The data also showed a number of short pollution episodes with rapid changes in the concentration of reactive nitrogen compounds [nitrogen dioxide maximum up to 164 ppb (v/v), nitric acid maximum up to 12 ppb (v/v), nitrous acid maximum up to 2.7 ppb (v/v)] and ozone [maximum up to 88 ppb (v/v)]. These episodes were correlated with pollution plumes originating from boats upwind, at short distance, from the R/V Aegeon. The measurements revealed the importance of nitrous and nitric acids for the transport of nitrogen to marine biota in busy ship lanes.
Calculation of deposited dose of PbO nanoparticles in the experiments. Figures S1, S2: The size d... more Calculation of deposited dose of PbO nanoparticles in the experiments. Figures S1, S2: The size distribution of nanoparticles with respect to the number of particles per unit volume in inhaled air and STEM images of PbO nanoparticles collected on TEM grids. Figures S3, S4: Weight of organs in the experiments. Figure S5: Effect of lead nanoparticles on spleen following 6 weeks exposure to PbO nanoparticles. Figure S6: Detection of proliferating cells in brain tissue. Tables S1, S2: Lead concentration in organs following 6 weeks exposure in the experiments. Tables S3, S4: Pathological changes in kidney, liver and lung in the experiments. (DOCX 4862 kb)
Daily PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected at an urban background monitoring site in Barcelona (... more Daily PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected at an urban background monitoring site in Barcelona (Spain) in summer and winter 2004. The instrumentation used consisted of two high-volume (PM10 and PM2.5) and two low-volume samplers (PM2.5), one of them coupled to an annular diffusion denuder aiming to evaluate the influence of sampling artefacts related to the adsorption of volatile carbonaceous species. Quartz fibre filters of 15 cm and 47 mm diameter were used as collection substrates (Schleicher & Schuell QF20 and Whatman QM-A, respectively). The resulting samples were analysed for organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Total carbon (TC) was calculated as OC+EC. The present study aimed to (a) determine maximum (winter) and minimum (summer) OC/EC/ TC/WSOC levels in the study area, and (b) assess the magnitude and influence of positive sampling artefacts. Mean levels of TC in PM2.5 ranged from 4 to 5 mg m À3 in summer to 7-10 mg m À3 in winter with the different samplers (5 and 8 mg m À3 , respectively, in PM10, one sampler); OC levels in PM2.5 were 3-4 mg m À3 in summer and 6-7 mg m À3 in winter (4 and 6 mg m À3 in PM10); EC levels in PM2.5 ranged from 1 to 2 mg m À3 in summer to 1-3 mg m À3 in winter (1 and 2 mg m À3 in PM10). Thus, OC/EC/TC winter levels were higher than summer levels by a factor of 1.7-2. WSOC levels were 1.6 mg m À3 in PM2.5 and PM10 in summer, and 2.1 mg m À3 (PM2.5) and 1.9 mg m À3 (PM10) in winter. The results indicate that positive artefacts for OC accounted for 0.5-0.7 mg m À3 , representing 11-16% of the raw OC mass and 3% of the PM2.5 mass. Sampling artefacts for OC were slightly higher in summer. EC levels were similar for the low-volume samplers and unusually low for the high-volume samplers, suggesting that EC determination could be influenced by the filter type.
h i g h l i g h t s < Analysis of 16 PAHs, 4 hopanes and aaa (20R)-cholestane in PM1 aerosols. < ... more h i g h l i g h t s < Analysis of 16 PAHs, 4 hopanes and aaa (20R)-cholestane in PM1 aerosols. < Winter and summer samples of 2009 and 2010 in Brno and Slapanice. < Molecular markers and diagnostic ratios for identification of emission sources. < Traffic and combustion of coal and wood identified as main emission sources of PM1.
The concentrations of monosaccharide anhydrides (levoglucosan, mannosan, galactosan) in PM1 and P... more The concentrations of monosaccharide anhydrides (levoglucosan, mannosan, galactosan) in PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol samples were measured in Brno and Slapanice in the Czech Republic in winter and summer 2009. 56 aerosol samples were collected together at both sites to investigate the different sources that contribute to aerosol composition in studied localities. Daily PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol samples were collected on pre-fired quartz fibre filters. The sum of average atmospheric concentration of levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan in PM1 aerosol in Slapanice and Brno during winter was 513 and 273 ng m À3 , while in summer the sum of average atmospheric concentration of monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) was 42 and 38 ng m À3 , respectively. The sum of average atmospheric concentration of MAs in PM1 aerosol formed 71 and 63% of the sum of MA concentration in PM2.5 aerosol collected in winter in Slapanice and Brno, whereas in summer the sum of average atmospheric concentration of MAs in PM1 aerosol formed 45 and 43% of the sum of MA concentration in PM2.5 aerosol in Slapanice and Brno, respectively. In winter, the sum of MAs contributed significantly to PM1 mass ranging between 1.37% and 2.67% of PM1 mass (Brno e Slapanice), while in summer the contribution of the sum of MAs was smaller (0.28 e0.32%). Contribution of the sum of MAs to PM2.5 mass is similar both in winter (1.37e2.71%) and summer (0.44e0.55%). The higher concentrations of monosaccharide anhydrides in aerosols in Slapanice indicate higher biomass combustion in this location than in Brno during winter season. The comparison of levoglucosan concentration in PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol shows prevailing presence of levoglucosan in PM1 aerosol both in winter (72% on average) and summer (60% on average). The aerosol samples collected in Slapanice and Brno in winter and summer show comparable contributions of levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan to the total amount of monosaccharide anhydrides in both aerosol size fractions. Levoglucosan was the most abundant monosaccharide anhydride with a relative average contribution to the total amount of MAs in the range of 71e82% for PM1 aerosols and 52e79% for PM2.5 aerosols.
The construction of original functional sample of the portable device for fast analysis of energe... more The construction of original functional sample of the portable device for fast analysis of energetic materials has been described in the paper. The portable device consisting of two parts – an original miniaturized microcolumn liquid chromatograph and a unique chemiluminescence detector – has been proposed and realized. In a very short time, this portable device is capable of identifying selectively most of military nitramine- and nitroesterbased explosives as well as inorganic nitrates occurring in trace concentrations in water or in soil. The total time required for the identification of extracts is shorter than 8 minutes.
The principle of mass transfer analytes in the wet effluent diffusion denuder (WEDD) and the aero... more The principle of mass transfer analytes in the wet effluent diffusion denuder (WEDD) and the aerodispersive enrichment unit (AEU) is explained. The spirits of WEDD and AEU are discussed in details and the application of these wet preconcentration techniques for "real time" determination of gaseous pollutants in ambient air, which are concerned of our long-time interest, is documented.
The paper deals with the development of portable aerosol concentrator and its application for the... more The paper deals with the development of portable aerosol concentrator and its application for the determination of nitrites and nitrates. The device enables the continuous trapping of pollutants in the air. An extensive literature search has been elaborated which aims at the development of samplers and the possibilities of their application in the continuous determination of volatile organic compounds. The practical part of the paper is focused on the development of the portable aerosol concentrator. The device using the Aerosol Enrichment Unit has been experimentally verified and subsequently realized. It operates on the principle of equilibrium accumulation of pollutants from the gaseous phase using absorption liquid polydisperse aerosol. The device has been applied for monitoring nitrites and nitrates in the air. The chemiluminescence detector was used for detection; the achieved detection limit for nitrites was 28 ng/m3 and for nitrates 78 ng/m3.
As part of the European project SUB-AERO, comprehensive aerosol and gaseous pollutant measurement... more As part of the European project SUB-AERO, comprehensive aerosol and gaseous pollutant measurement campaigns were performed at the Finokalia station (July 2000 and January 2001) on the island of Crete (Greece) in combination with boat measurements in the eastern part of the Mediterranean area. The measurements were performed with the participation of nine European research institutions. The objective of the measurement campaigns was to evaluate and assess the spatial and temporal variability of photochemical pollutants and fine particles. The current overview paper presents the framework and main results of the measurements and modelling studies performed during the project. Extensive measurements of gaseous and atmospheric-aerosol physical, chemical and optical characteristics were performed during the measurement campaigns in conjunction with detailed chemical analyses of the aerosol species. Along with the experimental work mesoscale modelling, using a combination of the UAM-AERO air quality model together with the RAMS prognostic meteorological model, was used to reveal the dynamics of particulate matter and photo-oxidants. Furthermore, regional chemistry transport models were applied to determine the background and initial conditions for the mesoscale modelling.
Abstract—The submitted paper deals with the problems of trapping and enriching the gases and aero... more Abstract—The submitted paper deals with the problems of trapping and enriching the gases and aerosols of the substances to be determined in the ambient atmosphere. Further, the paper is focused on the working principle of the miniaturized portable continuous concentrator we have designed and the possibilities of its application in air sampling and accumulation of organic and inorganic substances with which the air is contaminated. The stress is laid on trapping vapours and aerosols of solid substances with the comparatively low vapour tension such as explosive compounds. Keywords—Detectors of explosives, portable continuous concentrator, misuse of explosive, terrorism. T I.
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