ABSTRACT High intensity particle beams from accelerators induce high energy density states in bul... more ABSTRACT High intensity particle beams from accelerators induce high energy density states in bulk matter. The SIS-18 heavy ion synchrotron at GSI now routinely delivers intense Uranium beams that deposit about 1 kJ/g of specific energy in solid matter, e.g. solid lead. Due to the specific nature of the ion-matter interaction a volume of matter is heated uniformly with low gradients of temperature and pressure in the initial phase, depending on the pulse structure of the beam with respect to space and time. The new accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and ion Research) at GSI as well as beams from the CERN large hadron collider (LHC) will vastly extend the accessible parameter range for high energy density states. One special piece of accelerator equipment a superconducting high field dipole magnet, developed for the LHC at CERN is now serving as a key instrument to diagnose the dense plasma of the sun interior plasma, thus providing an extremely interesting combination of accelerator physics, plasma physics and astro-particle physics.
Particle physics has arrived at an important moment of its history. The discovery of the Higgs bo... more Particle physics has arrived at an important moment of its history. The discovery of the Higgs boson, with a mass of 125 GeV, completes the matrix of particles and interactions that has constituted the “Standard Model” for several decades. This model is a consistent and predictive theory, which has so far proven successful at describing all phenomena accessible to collider experiments. However, several experimental facts do require the extension of the Standard Model and explanations are needed for observations such as the abundance of matter over antimatter, the striking evidence for dark matter and the non-zero neutrino masses. Theoretical issues such as the hierarchy problem, and, more in general, the dynamical origin of the Higgs mechanism, do likewise point to the existence of physics beyond the Standard Model. This report contains the description of a novel research infrastructure based on a highest-energy hadron collider with a centre-of-mass collision energy of 100 TeV and a...
Studies of radioactive ions (RI) is the most intensively developing field of the low-energy nucle... more Studies of radioactive ions (RI) is the most intensively developing field of the low-energy nuclear physics. In this paper the concept and the scientific agenda of prospective accelerator and storage ring facility for the RI beam (RIB) research are proposed for the large-scale international project based at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The motivation for the new facility is discussed and its characteristics are briefly presented, showing to be comparable to those of the advanced world centers, the socalled "RIB factories". In the project the emphasis is made on the studies with the short-lived RIBs in storage rings. A unique feature of the project is the possibility to study the electron-RI interactions in the collider experiment for determination of fundamental properties of the nuclear matter, in particular, electromagnetic form-factors of exotic nuclei.
European activities on inertial fusion energy are coordinated by ''keep in touch activities'' of ... more European activities on inertial fusion energy are coordinated by ''keep in touch activities'' of the European Fusion Programme coordinated by the European Commission. There is no general inertial fusion program in Europe. Instead, a number of activities relevant to inertial fusion are carried out by university groups and research centers. The Helmholtz-Research Center GSI-Darmstadt (Gesellschaft fu¨r Schwerionenforschung) operates accelerator facilities which provide the highest intensity for heavy ion beams and therefore key issues of ion beam driven fusion can be addressed. In addition to the accelerator facilities, one high-energy laser system is available (nhelix: nanosecond high-energy laser for ion experiments) and another one is under construction (PHELIX: petawatt highenergy laser for ion experiments). The heavy ion synchrotron facility, SIS18 (Schwer-Ionen-Synchrotron 18) recently delivered an intense uranium beam that deposits about 1 kJ/g specific energy in solid matter. Using this beam, experiments have been performed where solid Pb-and Ta-targets have been heated to the level of 1 eV. Experiments to study interaction mechanism of heavy ion beams with matter have been continued and are reported here.
The purpose and current construction status, at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Phy... more The purpose and current construction status, at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, of an experimental electronuclear setup, combining a pulsed proton linear accelerator (36 MeV, 0.5 mA) and a subcritical blanket thermal-power assembly 100 kW, are discussed. The main equipment is already available or is being built in industry. The setup can be used to investigate the dynamics
ABSTRACT It is suggested that chemical and heat treatment of surfaces under moist conditions (inc... more ABSTRACT It is suggested that chemical and heat treatment of surfaces under moist conditions (including also chemical assembly of a surface by molecular layering) and gas-cutting be used to fabricate silicon on insulator structures to obtain silicon wafer surfaces with prescribed chemical composition, activation, and surface modification.
The angular structure characteristics of the expansion of multiply charged aluminum ions and nucl... more The angular structure characteristics of the expansion of multiply charged aluminum ions and nuclei were determined for the first time for a wide range of densities of radiation fluxes (108-5·1013 W/cm2) reaching the target. The experimental results were generalized to a wide spectrum of masses and radiation flux densities and this made it possible to provide a description of the expansion of a laser plasma in vacuum. The phenomenon of "self-focusing" of beams of ions of maximum density, whose angle of expansion was 20-30° (symmetric about the normal to the target), was detected for the first time. This phenomenon and the results obtained should be useful in those cases where a sharp directionality of ion sources would be needed as, for example, in injection of ions into accelerators. Bibtex entry for this abstract Preferred format for this abstract (see Preferences) Find Similar Abstracts: Use: Authors Title Abstract Text Return: Query Results Return items starting with number Query Form Database: Astronomy Physics arXiv e-prints
The results are given of an experimental investigation of the electron component of a laser plasm... more The results are given of an experimental investigation of the electron component of a laser plasma carried out using the time-of-flight collector method at large distances from the target. Extensive data are presented on the angular and energy spectra of the electrons in flight and on the dynamics of formation of electron spectra when the laser flux density is increased in the range ~109-5×1011 W/cm2. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the flight of electrons and ions in an expanding plasma is used to review the influence of the components on the expansion of a plasma bunch in a vacuum. The results obtained are essential in investigations of the formation of sharply focused beams of multiply charged ions for injection into accelerators and they should be useful in the determination of the fuller physical picture of the laser plasma expansion.
Demonstration of matching a laser ion source to the GSI RFQ-Maxilac linear accelerator and the ac... more Demonstration of matching a laser ion source to the GSI RFQ-Maxilac linear accelerator and the acceleration of a 1.8-mA current beam of Ta10+ ions up to 45 keV/u energy is presented. A 10J/μs CO2 laser has been used to produce a hot plasma plume, emitting highly charged tantulum ions. The correct geometry and potential distribution of the matching section has been designed in accordance with the results of computer simulations by using the AXCEL code. Measurements of the charge state distribution of the accelerated beam indicate that it contains about 70% Ta10+ and 30% Ta11+ ions.
This issue of Laser and Particle Beams contains the papers submitted for publication by participa... more This issue of Laser and Particle Beams contains the papers submitted for publication by participants of the 14th International Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion (HIF) Symposium held in Moscow, May 26–31, 2002. This conference was organized by State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Beam Plasma and Inertial Fusion Section of the European Physical Society, and Accelerator Council of Russian Academy of Science. The symposium was supported by the Ministry of Atomic Energy of Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Science, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, International Science, and Technology Center, and by GSI Darmstadt.
The X-ray spectral distribution of swift heavy Ti and Ni ions (11 MeV/u) observed inside aerogels... more The X-ray spectral distribution of swift heavy Ti and Ni ions (11 MeV/u) observed inside aerogels (ρ = 0.1 g/cm3) and dense solids (quartz, ρ = 2.23 g/cm3) indicates a strong presence of simultaneous 3–5 charge states with one K-hole. We show that the theoretical analysis can be split into two tasks: first, the treatment of complex autoionizing states together with the originating spectral distribution, and, second, a charge-state distribution model. Involving the generalized line profile function theory, we discuss attempts to couple charge-state distributions.
The construction of the Terawatt Accumulator (TWAC) facility is nearly completed at the ITEP in M... more The construction of the Terawatt Accumulator (TWAC) facility is nearly completed at the ITEP in Moscow. All the major milestones have been successfully passed with a beam of carbon ions, except for the final result (the high power beam accumulation), which is on the way. The beam of C4+ ions delivered by the laser ion source is accelerated up to the energy of 300 MeV/amu by two steps—in the linear injector I3 and in the booster synchrotron UK. The accelerated beam is extracted from the UK ring and transferred to the U10 accumulator ring. Non-Liouvillian stripping technique (C4+ ⇒ C6+) is applied for stacking of C6+ batches into the accumulator ring U10. First experiments with extracted beam of ions have started in 2002. Status of the TWAC components, current results of activities aiming at mastering the ion beam stacking technique, and outlook for the TWAC advance are presented.
The conditions for an experiment are being discussed in which the hydrodynamic efficiency could b... more The conditions for an experiment are being discussed in which the hydrodynamic efficiency could be measured and an optimum thermonuclear target design worked out that could be performed on a single-channel accelerator facility producing a 209Bi ion beam of ∼100 GeV per nucleus. As numerical simulations show, the expected values of the hydrodynamic efficiency are 5–10%, while the optimization of the target-beam system could be performed by compressing D-T gas in a conical cavity and registering some 109-1011 neutrons per shot.
Maximum charge states of ions registered in the far expansion zone from laser-produced plasma of ... more Maximum charge states of ions registered in the far expansion zone from laser-produced plasma of Al, Co, Ni, Cu, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb, and Bi are presented. The Thomson parabola spectrometer was used to display a general view of the ion species of an expanding plasma while detailed ion charge-energy spectra were determined by the cylindrical electrostatic ion energy analyzer. The current densities of highly charged ion groups above 20 mA/cm2 were measured by use of an ion collector at a distance of ∼1 m from the target. The photodissociation iodine laser system PERUN (λ = 1.315 μm, power density up to ∼1015 W cm−2) was employed as a driver.
The angular structure characteristics of the expansion of multiply charged aluminum ions and nucl... more The angular structure characteristics of the expansion of multiply charged aluminum ions and nuclei were determined for the first time for a wide range of densities of radiation fluxes (108-5·1013 W/cm2) reaching the target. The experimental results were generalized to a wide spectrum of masses and radiation flux densities and this made it possible to provide a description of the expansion of a laser plasma in vacuum. The phenomenon of "self-focusing" of beams of ions of maximum density, whose angle of expansion was 20-30° (symmetric about the normal to the target), was detected for the first time. This phenomenon and the results obtained should be useful in those cases where a sharp directionality of ion sources would be needed as, for example, in injection of ions into accelerators. Bibtex entry for this abstract Preferred format for this abstract (see Preferences) Find Similar Abstracts: Use: Authors Title Abstract Text Return: Query Results Return items starting with n...
Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 2002
... The argon cluster target was produced upon adia-batic expansion of the gas in vacuum through ... more ... The argon cluster target was produced upon adia-batic expansion of the gas in vacuum through a pulsed conic high-pressure nozzle (the input and output diam-eters of the nozzle were 1 and 8 mm, respectively, and its length was 20 mm). ...
ABSTRACT High intensity particle beams from accelerators induce high energy density states in bul... more ABSTRACT High intensity particle beams from accelerators induce high energy density states in bulk matter. The SIS-18 heavy ion synchrotron at GSI now routinely delivers intense Uranium beams that deposit about 1 kJ/g of specific energy in solid matter, e.g. solid lead. Due to the specific nature of the ion-matter interaction a volume of matter is heated uniformly with low gradients of temperature and pressure in the initial phase, depending on the pulse structure of the beam with respect to space and time. The new accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and ion Research) at GSI as well as beams from the CERN large hadron collider (LHC) will vastly extend the accessible parameter range for high energy density states. One special piece of accelerator equipment a superconducting high field dipole magnet, developed for the LHC at CERN is now serving as a key instrument to diagnose the dense plasma of the sun interior plasma, thus providing an extremely interesting combination of accelerator physics, plasma physics and astro-particle physics.
Particle physics has arrived at an important moment of its history. The discovery of the Higgs bo... more Particle physics has arrived at an important moment of its history. The discovery of the Higgs boson, with a mass of 125 GeV, completes the matrix of particles and interactions that has constituted the “Standard Model” for several decades. This model is a consistent and predictive theory, which has so far proven successful at describing all phenomena accessible to collider experiments. However, several experimental facts do require the extension of the Standard Model and explanations are needed for observations such as the abundance of matter over antimatter, the striking evidence for dark matter and the non-zero neutrino masses. Theoretical issues such as the hierarchy problem, and, more in general, the dynamical origin of the Higgs mechanism, do likewise point to the existence of physics beyond the Standard Model. This report contains the description of a novel research infrastructure based on a highest-energy hadron collider with a centre-of-mass collision energy of 100 TeV and a...
Studies of radioactive ions (RI) is the most intensively developing field of the low-energy nucle... more Studies of radioactive ions (RI) is the most intensively developing field of the low-energy nuclear physics. In this paper the concept and the scientific agenda of prospective accelerator and storage ring facility for the RI beam (RIB) research are proposed for the large-scale international project based at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The motivation for the new facility is discussed and its characteristics are briefly presented, showing to be comparable to those of the advanced world centers, the socalled "RIB factories". In the project the emphasis is made on the studies with the short-lived RIBs in storage rings. A unique feature of the project is the possibility to study the electron-RI interactions in the collider experiment for determination of fundamental properties of the nuclear matter, in particular, electromagnetic form-factors of exotic nuclei.
European activities on inertial fusion energy are coordinated by ''keep in touch activities'' of ... more European activities on inertial fusion energy are coordinated by ''keep in touch activities'' of the European Fusion Programme coordinated by the European Commission. There is no general inertial fusion program in Europe. Instead, a number of activities relevant to inertial fusion are carried out by university groups and research centers. The Helmholtz-Research Center GSI-Darmstadt (Gesellschaft fu¨r Schwerionenforschung) operates accelerator facilities which provide the highest intensity for heavy ion beams and therefore key issues of ion beam driven fusion can be addressed. In addition to the accelerator facilities, one high-energy laser system is available (nhelix: nanosecond high-energy laser for ion experiments) and another one is under construction (PHELIX: petawatt highenergy laser for ion experiments). The heavy ion synchrotron facility, SIS18 (Schwer-Ionen-Synchrotron 18) recently delivered an intense uranium beam that deposits about 1 kJ/g specific energy in solid matter. Using this beam, experiments have been performed where solid Pb-and Ta-targets have been heated to the level of 1 eV. Experiments to study interaction mechanism of heavy ion beams with matter have been continued and are reported here.
The purpose and current construction status, at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Phy... more The purpose and current construction status, at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, of an experimental electronuclear setup, combining a pulsed proton linear accelerator (36 MeV, 0.5 mA) and a subcritical blanket thermal-power assembly 100 kW, are discussed. The main equipment is already available or is being built in industry. The setup can be used to investigate the dynamics
ABSTRACT It is suggested that chemical and heat treatment of surfaces under moist conditions (inc... more ABSTRACT It is suggested that chemical and heat treatment of surfaces under moist conditions (including also chemical assembly of a surface by molecular layering) and gas-cutting be used to fabricate silicon on insulator structures to obtain silicon wafer surfaces with prescribed chemical composition, activation, and surface modification.
The angular structure characteristics of the expansion of multiply charged aluminum ions and nucl... more The angular structure characteristics of the expansion of multiply charged aluminum ions and nuclei were determined for the first time for a wide range of densities of radiation fluxes (108-5·1013 W/cm2) reaching the target. The experimental results were generalized to a wide spectrum of masses and radiation flux densities and this made it possible to provide a description of the expansion of a laser plasma in vacuum. The phenomenon of "self-focusing" of beams of ions of maximum density, whose angle of expansion was 20-30° (symmetric about the normal to the target), was detected for the first time. This phenomenon and the results obtained should be useful in those cases where a sharp directionality of ion sources would be needed as, for example, in injection of ions into accelerators. Bibtex entry for this abstract Preferred format for this abstract (see Preferences) Find Similar Abstracts: Use: Authors Title Abstract Text Return: Query Results Return items starting with number Query Form Database: Astronomy Physics arXiv e-prints
The results are given of an experimental investigation of the electron component of a laser plasm... more The results are given of an experimental investigation of the electron component of a laser plasma carried out using the time-of-flight collector method at large distances from the target. Extensive data are presented on the angular and energy spectra of the electrons in flight and on the dynamics of formation of electron spectra when the laser flux density is increased in the range ~109-5×1011 W/cm2. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the flight of electrons and ions in an expanding plasma is used to review the influence of the components on the expansion of a plasma bunch in a vacuum. The results obtained are essential in investigations of the formation of sharply focused beams of multiply charged ions for injection into accelerators and they should be useful in the determination of the fuller physical picture of the laser plasma expansion.
Demonstration of matching a laser ion source to the GSI RFQ-Maxilac linear accelerator and the ac... more Demonstration of matching a laser ion source to the GSI RFQ-Maxilac linear accelerator and the acceleration of a 1.8-mA current beam of Ta10+ ions up to 45 keV/u energy is presented. A 10J/μs CO2 laser has been used to produce a hot plasma plume, emitting highly charged tantulum ions. The correct geometry and potential distribution of the matching section has been designed in accordance with the results of computer simulations by using the AXCEL code. Measurements of the charge state distribution of the accelerated beam indicate that it contains about 70% Ta10+ and 30% Ta11+ ions.
This issue of Laser and Particle Beams contains the papers submitted for publication by participa... more This issue of Laser and Particle Beams contains the papers submitted for publication by participants of the 14th International Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion (HIF) Symposium held in Moscow, May 26–31, 2002. This conference was organized by State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Beam Plasma and Inertial Fusion Section of the European Physical Society, and Accelerator Council of Russian Academy of Science. The symposium was supported by the Ministry of Atomic Energy of Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Science, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, International Science, and Technology Center, and by GSI Darmstadt.
The X-ray spectral distribution of swift heavy Ti and Ni ions (11 MeV/u) observed inside aerogels... more The X-ray spectral distribution of swift heavy Ti and Ni ions (11 MeV/u) observed inside aerogels (ρ = 0.1 g/cm3) and dense solids (quartz, ρ = 2.23 g/cm3) indicates a strong presence of simultaneous 3–5 charge states with one K-hole. We show that the theoretical analysis can be split into two tasks: first, the treatment of complex autoionizing states together with the originating spectral distribution, and, second, a charge-state distribution model. Involving the generalized line profile function theory, we discuss attempts to couple charge-state distributions.
The construction of the Terawatt Accumulator (TWAC) facility is nearly completed at the ITEP in M... more The construction of the Terawatt Accumulator (TWAC) facility is nearly completed at the ITEP in Moscow. All the major milestones have been successfully passed with a beam of carbon ions, except for the final result (the high power beam accumulation), which is on the way. The beam of C4+ ions delivered by the laser ion source is accelerated up to the energy of 300 MeV/amu by two steps—in the linear injector I3 and in the booster synchrotron UK. The accelerated beam is extracted from the UK ring and transferred to the U10 accumulator ring. Non-Liouvillian stripping technique (C4+ ⇒ C6+) is applied for stacking of C6+ batches into the accumulator ring U10. First experiments with extracted beam of ions have started in 2002. Status of the TWAC components, current results of activities aiming at mastering the ion beam stacking technique, and outlook for the TWAC advance are presented.
The conditions for an experiment are being discussed in which the hydrodynamic efficiency could b... more The conditions for an experiment are being discussed in which the hydrodynamic efficiency could be measured and an optimum thermonuclear target design worked out that could be performed on a single-channel accelerator facility producing a 209Bi ion beam of ∼100 GeV per nucleus. As numerical simulations show, the expected values of the hydrodynamic efficiency are 5–10%, while the optimization of the target-beam system could be performed by compressing D-T gas in a conical cavity and registering some 109-1011 neutrons per shot.
Maximum charge states of ions registered in the far expansion zone from laser-produced plasma of ... more Maximum charge states of ions registered in the far expansion zone from laser-produced plasma of Al, Co, Ni, Cu, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb, and Bi are presented. The Thomson parabola spectrometer was used to display a general view of the ion species of an expanding plasma while detailed ion charge-energy spectra were determined by the cylindrical electrostatic ion energy analyzer. The current densities of highly charged ion groups above 20 mA/cm2 were measured by use of an ion collector at a distance of ∼1 m from the target. The photodissociation iodine laser system PERUN (λ = 1.315 μm, power density up to ∼1015 W cm−2) was employed as a driver.
The angular structure characteristics of the expansion of multiply charged aluminum ions and nucl... more The angular structure characteristics of the expansion of multiply charged aluminum ions and nuclei were determined for the first time for a wide range of densities of radiation fluxes (108-5·1013 W/cm2) reaching the target. The experimental results were generalized to a wide spectrum of masses and radiation flux densities and this made it possible to provide a description of the expansion of a laser plasma in vacuum. The phenomenon of "self-focusing" of beams of ions of maximum density, whose angle of expansion was 20-30° (symmetric about the normal to the target), was detected for the first time. This phenomenon and the results obtained should be useful in those cases where a sharp directionality of ion sources would be needed as, for example, in injection of ions into accelerators. Bibtex entry for this abstract Preferred format for this abstract (see Preferences) Find Similar Abstracts: Use: Authors Title Abstract Text Return: Query Results Return items starting with n...
Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 2002
... The argon cluster target was produced upon adia-batic expansion of the gas in vacuum through ... more ... The argon cluster target was produced upon adia-batic expansion of the gas in vacuum through a pulsed conic high-pressure nozzle (the input and output diam-eters of the nozzle were 1 and 8 mm, respectively, and its length was 20 mm). ...
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Papers by Yu Sharkov