2020 IEEE Physical Assurance and Inspection of Electronics (PAINE), 2020
This paper reviews different methods for mounting and integrated circuit (IC) for delayering. In ... more This paper reviews different methods for mounting and integrated circuit (IC) for delayering. In this work, several 130nm technology devices are observed during the delayering process as a means of evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of various mounting techniques. Suitability for chemical mechanical polishing, wet etching, and dry etching is considered.
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2021
The linearized insulin secretion-sensitivity relationship allows separate evaluation of the secre... more The linearized insulin secretion-sensitivity relationship allows separate evaluation of the secretion-sensitivity slope and of maximal insulin secretion. Here, we demonstrate the application of this methodology to the evaluation of clinical trial data, showing that it provides an expanded understanding of treatment-induced changes compared with the disposition index.
Re ynolds number , in fluid mechanics, a criterion of whether fluid (liquid or gas) flow is absol... more Re ynolds number , in fluid mechanics, a criterion of whether fluid (liquid or gas) flow is absolutely steady (streamlined, or laminar) or on the average steady with small unsteady fluctuations (turbulent). Whenever the Reynolds number is less than about 2,000, flow in a pipe is generally laminar, whereas, at values greater than 2,000, flow is usually turbulent. Actually, the transition between laminar and turbulent flow occurs not at a specific value of the Reynolds number but in a range usually beginning between 1,000 to 2,000 and extending upward to between 3,000 and 5,000. In 1883 Osborne Reynolds, a British engineer and physicist, demonstrated that the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in a pipe depends upon the value of a mathematical quantity equal to the average velocity of flow times the diameter of the tube times the mass density of the fluid divided by its absolute viscosity. This mathematical quantity, a pure number without dimensions, became known as the Reynold...
The pericarp ofAbelmoschus esculentus is differentiated into 3 distinct zones—the epicarp, mesoca... more The pericarp ofAbelmoschus esculentus is differentiated into 3 distinct zones—the epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. The epicarp is a product of outer epidermis and hypodermal parenchyma of the ovary wall. The growth of epicarp results from increase in the volume of cells of the periphery below the outer epidermis. In a mature pericarp the epicarpic cells become enlarged, vacuolated, thick walled
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2012
Background: Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is used as a surrogate measure of atheros... more Background: Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is used as a surrogate measure of atherosclerotic burden. The purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of progression of anthropometric and metabolic variables in determining progression of carotid IMT during 5-year follow-up in the Early Diabetes Intervention Project (EDIP) cohort.
1 The effect of pantoprazole on vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in in vivo has not been... more 1 The effect of pantoprazole on vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in in vivo has not been clearly defined. In this study, we demonstrate that chronic administration, but not acute administration, of pantoprazole alters the pattern of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. 2 This study was designed to evaluate the effect of acute and chronic administration of pantoprazole on vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade using the rat in vivo sciatic nerve-stimulated gastrocnemius preparation. 3 Vecuronium was administered as a slow intravenous infusion (29.41 μg kg(-1) min(-1)) until the gastrocnemius twitch response to sciatic nerve stimulation was completely abolished. The effect of acute (single dose, i.v.) and chronic administration (per oral for 21 days) of pantoprazole (3.64 mg kg(-1)) on vecuronium-induced blockade was assessed by comparing ED50 values, time required for 50% block, ED95 values, block duration and percentage of recovery with respect to control. 4 Acute administration of pantoprazole had no significant effect on any parameter of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. Chronic administration of pantoprazole significantly reduced vecuronium ED50 value, time for 50% block, ED95 value and percentage recovery from blockade compared with the control group (P<0.05). Reduction in the duration of vecuronium-induced blockade was not significantly affected by chronic treatment with pantoprazole compared with control. 5 On chronic administration, pantoprazole may produce earlier block, quick relaxation and reduces the recovery of vecuronium without affecting its duration of action.
2021 IEEE Physical Assurance and Inspection of Electronics (PAINE)
This paper presents the first design reconstruction on the Front-End-of-Line and Middle-of-Line l... more This paper presents the first design reconstruction on the Front-End-of-Line and Middle-of-Line layers of a 14 nm node FinFET design. To accomplish this, a large region of interest within a custom designed 14 nm node ASIC device was delayered, imaged, and analyzed to reconstruct the GDSII design file and verify a 100% match to the golden GDSII design. This work leveraged previous developments in each stage of the front half of the cooperative Verification and Validation (V&V) workflow combined with new techniques and processes developed for processing 3D architecture FET devices. We have demonstrated the critical first step to performing a full V&V workflow on an advanced technology node device, starting from the fabricated silicon device to the design extraction. The process development knowledge gained while reaching this milestone will further accelerate future advancements toward providing trusted advanced technology node devices in a timely manner.
To explore the demographic patterns of hospitalizations related to prescription opioid overdose (... more To explore the demographic patterns of hospitalizations related to prescription opioid overdose (POD) and evaluate the mortality risk of association in POD inpatients. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of 184,711 POD inpatients. A binomial logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of association for mortality risk due to comorbidities (substance use disorders (SUD) and medical complications) in POD inpatients. Results POD inpatients were majorly females (54.1%), older adults aged 51-75 years (48.5%), whites (81.5%), and from lower household income quartet (32.8%). The most prevalent comorbid SUD among POD inpatients was alcohol (15.7%), followed by cannabis (5.7%), cocaine (4.2%), and amphetamine (1.8%). Comorbid alcohol use disorders had a minimally increased association with mortality but were not statistically significant (OR = 1.036; P = 0.438). POD in patients with cardiac arrest had the highest risk of mortality (OR = 103.423; P < 0.001), followed by shock (OR = 15.367; P < 0.001), coma (OR = 13.427; P < 0.001), and respiratory failure (OR = 12.051; P < 0.001). Conclusions Our study indicates that the hospitalizations related to POD were more prevalent among females, elders between 51 and 75 years of age, whites, and those in the lower household income quartet. The prevalence of prescription opioid use and the hospitalization related to POD remains a significant public health issue. POD inpatients with medical complications were at a higher risk of mortality than with comorbid SUD.
International Journal For Science Technology And Engineering, 2016
Many of the steel building are made up with orthodox sections of steels which are designed and bu... more Many of the steel building are made up with orthodox sections of steels which are designed and built by conventional approaches. This directs to weighty or too expensive structures. Tubular steel is the best possible alternatives to the conventional with their comparatively better specifications. Dead weight is tending to be decreased for many structural members so it is clear that because of the tube section, it helps in reducing overall economy. This is regarding the economy, load carrying capacity of all members and their relative safety measures. Economy is the main goal of the present work including comparison of conventional structures with tubular structure for given conditions. Results show that up to 15 to 25% saving in expense is accomplished by using tubular sections. Analysis of shed’s elements was carried out by Staad Pro V8i computer software, with manually applying Indian Standards. Several excel sheets for various structural elements like Purlin, Roof Truss, compress...
As more traditional antibacterials are used, the number and frequency of multi-drug resistant (MD... more As more traditional antibacterials are used, the number and frequency of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria increase. This rise in MDR bacteria is seen in many cases around the world, especially in developing countries. Many of these MDR bacterial strains originate and spread via hospitals and equipment. A possible solution is to sanitize the hospital environment frequently, utilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have shown to be effective against MDR bacteria. Due to their cost and negative environmental impacts, AgNPs have not been viable for mass production. AgNPs can be attached onto surfaces for a prolonged effect through a process called impregnation; this would maintain sanitary environments. This study aims to investigate eco-friendly methods for AgNPs synthesis and impregnation. Two variables were tested; the stabilizing and reducing agent, NLE, OLE, and the impregnation type, heat via iron (HI) and microwave irradiation (MI). It was hypothesized that the Azadiracht...
A non-contact method, using magnetic drag force principle, was proposed to design the braking sys... more A non-contact method, using magnetic drag force principle, was proposed to design the braking systems to improve the shortcomings of the conventional braking systems. The extensive literature detailing all aspects of the magnetic braking is briefly reviewed, however little of this refers specifically to upright magnetic braking system, which is useful for industries. One of the major issues to design upright magnetic system is to find out the magnetic flux. The changing magnetic flux induces eddy currents in the conductor. These currents dissipate energy in the conductor and generate drag force to slow down the motion. Therefore, a finite element model is developed to analyze the phenomena of magnetic flux density when air gap and materials of track are varied. The verification shows the predicted magnetic flux is within acceptable range with the measured value. The results will facilitate the design of magnetic braking systems. Keyword: Friction, Heat, Conventional Braking, and Ele...
Background: Carcinoma of the cervix is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, while it... more Background: Carcinoma of the cervix is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, while it is the commonest cancer among Indian women. Awareness regarding cervical cancer and its prevention is quite low amongst Indian women. The Pap test is a simple and cost effective technique for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Objectives: 1) To assess knowledge level regarding symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures for cervical carcinoma among nursing staff; 2) To find out the attitude and practice of respondents regarding preventive measures of cervical carcinoma; 3) To identify the socio demographic determinants affecting the level of knowledge among participants. Methodology: A Hospital-based survey regarding knowledge levels about cervical carcinoma was conducted among the nursing staff from one of the tertiary health institutes in Ahmadabad, India. A structured questionnaire with multiple choices was used for data collection. Provision for open-ended responses was also ma...
Primary B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Breast is a rare presentation of breast malignancy and it ... more Primary B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Breast is a rare presentation of breast malignancy and it is necessary to differentiate it from secondary breast lymphoma as prognosis and treatment varies based on the diagnosis. We report a case of 47-year-old female with bilateral PBNHL of Breast which is rare due to younger age of presentation than earlier reported cases of this malignancy, lump with “peau de orange” appearance seen in both the breasts which is usually seen with high grade lymphoma and complete recovery of the patient while bilateral PBL outlines poor prognosis. Mammosonography findings included dilated ducts with hypoechoiec areas. MRI showed altered signal intensity. Findings of the imaging studies are non-specific and vary widely from case to case which is why biopsy which is gold standard was done to confirm the diagnosis
Adolescence is a period of brain maturation that may involve a second wave of organizational effe... more Adolescence is a period of brain maturation that may involve a second wave of organizational effects of sex steroids on the brain. Rodent studies suggest that, overall, organizational effects of gonadal steroid hormones decrease from the prenatal/perinatal period to adulthood. Here we used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether 1) testosterone exposure during adolescence (9–17 years) correlates with the structure of cerebral cortex in young men (n = 216, 19 years of age); 2) this relationship is modulated by the timing of testosterone surge during puberty. Our results showed that pubertal testosterone correlates with structural properties of the cerebral cortex, as captured by principal component analysis of T1 and T2 relaxation times, myelin water fraction, magnetization transfer ratio, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. Many of the correlations between pubertal testosterone and the cortical structure were stronger in individuals with earlier (vs. lat...
International Journal of Medicine and Public Health, 2021
Introduction: Hepatitis B is the world's prevalent blood-borne viral infection, specifically it i... more Introduction: Hepatitis B is the world's prevalent blood-borne viral infection, specifically it is prevalent with its two flip sides of the coin such as in health care workers and pregnant women. Since health care workers have a vital role in providing health care, thus are more vulnerable to occupational risk. On the flip side, the most common method of transmission of HBV around the world is from mother to infant. Hence, both population knowledge and practice should be at an optimal level. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the system side knowledge and practice towards Hepatitis B be on the demand-side population in Sabarkantha, Gujarat. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Sabarkantha district of Gujarat. Data were obtained by using a piloted structured questionnaire in vernacular language from the supply-side (health workers) and demand-side (antenatal/ postnatal mothers) to assess the Knowledge of Hepatitis B at a point in time. Results: Study found 6.14 (± 2.89) and 1.69 (± 1.7) mean knowledge score (total score=14) towards the Hepatitis B disease, in the supply-side population and in the demand-side population respectively. The difference was statistically significant. In both populations, the most usual knowledge for symptoms and transmission of hepatitis reported were for Jaundice and hepatitis vaccine. Though the 60.9 % ANC/PNC revealed ASHA, as the most common source of information, the influence of ASHA's knowledge on ANC/PNC was not up to the mark. Furthermore, the study noticed ambiguity between Hepatitis A, E and Hepatitis B knowledge in both populations. Conclusion: There is need of frequent context tailored training of Hepatitis B amongst supply-side workers.
Importance Many psychiatric disorders can be conceptualized as disorders of brain maturation duri... more Importance Many psychiatric disorders can be conceptualized as disorders of brain maturation during childhood and adolescence. Discovering the neurobiological underpinnings of brain maturation may elucidate molecular pathways of vulnerability and resilience to such disorders. Objective To investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of age-associated cortical thinning during maturation and their implications for psychiatric disorders. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicohort analysis used data from 3 community-based studies. The Saguenay Youth Study provided data from 1024 adolescents who were recruited at a single site in Quebec, Canada. The IMAGEN cohort provided data from 1823 participants who were recruited in 8 European cities. The Brazil High Risk Cohort Study for the Development of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders provided data from 815 participants who were recruited in 2 Brazilian cities. Cortical thickness was estimated from the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and age-associated cortical thinning was estimated in 34 cortical regions. Gene expression from the Allen Human Brain Atlas was aligned with the same regions. Similarities in the interregional profiles of gene expression and the profiles of age-associated cortical thinning were measured. The involvement of dendrites, dendritic spines, and myelin was tested using 3 gene panels. Enrichment for genes associated with psychiatric disorders was tested among the genes associated with thinning and their coexpression networks. Data analysis was conducted between March and October 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures MRI-derived estimates of age-associated cortical thinning and gene expression in 34 cortical regions. Results A total of 3596 individuals aged 9 to 21 years were included in this study. Of those, 1803 participants (50.1%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 15.2 (2.6) years. Interregional profiles of age-associated cortical thinning were associated with interregional gradients in the expression of genes associated with dendrites, dendritic spines, and myelin; the variance in thinning explained by the gene panels across different points ranged from 0.45% to 10.55% for the dendrite panel, 0.00% to 9.98% for the spine panel, and 0.19% to 26.39% for the myelin panel. These genes and their coexpression networks were enriched for genes associated with several psychiatric disorders. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, genetic similarity between interregional variation in cortical thinning during maturation and multiple psychiatric disorders suggests overlapping molecular underpinnings. This finding adds to the understanding of the neurodevelopmental mechanisms of psychiatric disorders.
2020 IEEE Physical Assurance and Inspection of Electronics (PAINE), 2020
This paper reviews different methods for mounting and integrated circuit (IC) for delayering. In ... more This paper reviews different methods for mounting and integrated circuit (IC) for delayering. In this work, several 130nm technology devices are observed during the delayering process as a means of evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of various mounting techniques. Suitability for chemical mechanical polishing, wet etching, and dry etching is considered.
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2021
The linearized insulin secretion-sensitivity relationship allows separate evaluation of the secre... more The linearized insulin secretion-sensitivity relationship allows separate evaluation of the secretion-sensitivity slope and of maximal insulin secretion. Here, we demonstrate the application of this methodology to the evaluation of clinical trial data, showing that it provides an expanded understanding of treatment-induced changes compared with the disposition index.
Re ynolds number , in fluid mechanics, a criterion of whether fluid (liquid or gas) flow is absol... more Re ynolds number , in fluid mechanics, a criterion of whether fluid (liquid or gas) flow is absolutely steady (streamlined, or laminar) or on the average steady with small unsteady fluctuations (turbulent). Whenever the Reynolds number is less than about 2,000, flow in a pipe is generally laminar, whereas, at values greater than 2,000, flow is usually turbulent. Actually, the transition between laminar and turbulent flow occurs not at a specific value of the Reynolds number but in a range usually beginning between 1,000 to 2,000 and extending upward to between 3,000 and 5,000. In 1883 Osborne Reynolds, a British engineer and physicist, demonstrated that the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in a pipe depends upon the value of a mathematical quantity equal to the average velocity of flow times the diameter of the tube times the mass density of the fluid divided by its absolute viscosity. This mathematical quantity, a pure number without dimensions, became known as the Reynold...
The pericarp ofAbelmoschus esculentus is differentiated into 3 distinct zones—the epicarp, mesoca... more The pericarp ofAbelmoschus esculentus is differentiated into 3 distinct zones—the epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. The epicarp is a product of outer epidermis and hypodermal parenchyma of the ovary wall. The growth of epicarp results from increase in the volume of cells of the periphery below the outer epidermis. In a mature pericarp the epicarpic cells become enlarged, vacuolated, thick walled
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2012
Background: Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is used as a surrogate measure of atheros... more Background: Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is used as a surrogate measure of atherosclerotic burden. The purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of progression of anthropometric and metabolic variables in determining progression of carotid IMT during 5-year follow-up in the Early Diabetes Intervention Project (EDIP) cohort.
1 The effect of pantoprazole on vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in in vivo has not been... more 1 The effect of pantoprazole on vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in in vivo has not been clearly defined. In this study, we demonstrate that chronic administration, but not acute administration, of pantoprazole alters the pattern of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. 2 This study was designed to evaluate the effect of acute and chronic administration of pantoprazole on vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade using the rat in vivo sciatic nerve-stimulated gastrocnemius preparation. 3 Vecuronium was administered as a slow intravenous infusion (29.41 μg kg(-1) min(-1)) until the gastrocnemius twitch response to sciatic nerve stimulation was completely abolished. The effect of acute (single dose, i.v.) and chronic administration (per oral for 21 days) of pantoprazole (3.64 mg kg(-1)) on vecuronium-induced blockade was assessed by comparing ED50 values, time required for 50% block, ED95 values, block duration and percentage of recovery with respect to control. 4 Acute administration of pantoprazole had no significant effect on any parameter of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. Chronic administration of pantoprazole significantly reduced vecuronium ED50 value, time for 50% block, ED95 value and percentage recovery from blockade compared with the control group (P&amp;amp;lt;0.05). Reduction in the duration of vecuronium-induced blockade was not significantly affected by chronic treatment with pantoprazole compared with control. 5 On chronic administration, pantoprazole may produce earlier block, quick relaxation and reduces the recovery of vecuronium without affecting its duration of action.
2021 IEEE Physical Assurance and Inspection of Electronics (PAINE)
This paper presents the first design reconstruction on the Front-End-of-Line and Middle-of-Line l... more This paper presents the first design reconstruction on the Front-End-of-Line and Middle-of-Line layers of a 14 nm node FinFET design. To accomplish this, a large region of interest within a custom designed 14 nm node ASIC device was delayered, imaged, and analyzed to reconstruct the GDSII design file and verify a 100% match to the golden GDSII design. This work leveraged previous developments in each stage of the front half of the cooperative Verification and Validation (V&V) workflow combined with new techniques and processes developed for processing 3D architecture FET devices. We have demonstrated the critical first step to performing a full V&V workflow on an advanced technology node device, starting from the fabricated silicon device to the design extraction. The process development knowledge gained while reaching this milestone will further accelerate future advancements toward providing trusted advanced technology node devices in a timely manner.
To explore the demographic patterns of hospitalizations related to prescription opioid overdose (... more To explore the demographic patterns of hospitalizations related to prescription opioid overdose (POD) and evaluate the mortality risk of association in POD inpatients. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of 184,711 POD inpatients. A binomial logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of association for mortality risk due to comorbidities (substance use disorders (SUD) and medical complications) in POD inpatients. Results POD inpatients were majorly females (54.1%), older adults aged 51-75 years (48.5%), whites (81.5%), and from lower household income quartet (32.8%). The most prevalent comorbid SUD among POD inpatients was alcohol (15.7%), followed by cannabis (5.7%), cocaine (4.2%), and amphetamine (1.8%). Comorbid alcohol use disorders had a minimally increased association with mortality but were not statistically significant (OR = 1.036; P = 0.438). POD in patients with cardiac arrest had the highest risk of mortality (OR = 103.423; P < 0.001), followed by shock (OR = 15.367; P < 0.001), coma (OR = 13.427; P < 0.001), and respiratory failure (OR = 12.051; P < 0.001). Conclusions Our study indicates that the hospitalizations related to POD were more prevalent among females, elders between 51 and 75 years of age, whites, and those in the lower household income quartet. The prevalence of prescription opioid use and the hospitalization related to POD remains a significant public health issue. POD inpatients with medical complications were at a higher risk of mortality than with comorbid SUD.
International Journal For Science Technology And Engineering, 2016
Many of the steel building are made up with orthodox sections of steels which are designed and bu... more Many of the steel building are made up with orthodox sections of steels which are designed and built by conventional approaches. This directs to weighty or too expensive structures. Tubular steel is the best possible alternatives to the conventional with their comparatively better specifications. Dead weight is tending to be decreased for many structural members so it is clear that because of the tube section, it helps in reducing overall economy. This is regarding the economy, load carrying capacity of all members and their relative safety measures. Economy is the main goal of the present work including comparison of conventional structures with tubular structure for given conditions. Results show that up to 15 to 25% saving in expense is accomplished by using tubular sections. Analysis of shed’s elements was carried out by Staad Pro V8i computer software, with manually applying Indian Standards. Several excel sheets for various structural elements like Purlin, Roof Truss, compress...
As more traditional antibacterials are used, the number and frequency of multi-drug resistant (MD... more As more traditional antibacterials are used, the number and frequency of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria increase. This rise in MDR bacteria is seen in many cases around the world, especially in developing countries. Many of these MDR bacterial strains originate and spread via hospitals and equipment. A possible solution is to sanitize the hospital environment frequently, utilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have shown to be effective against MDR bacteria. Due to their cost and negative environmental impacts, AgNPs have not been viable for mass production. AgNPs can be attached onto surfaces for a prolonged effect through a process called impregnation; this would maintain sanitary environments. This study aims to investigate eco-friendly methods for AgNPs synthesis and impregnation. Two variables were tested; the stabilizing and reducing agent, NLE, OLE, and the impregnation type, heat via iron (HI) and microwave irradiation (MI). It was hypothesized that the Azadiracht...
A non-contact method, using magnetic drag force principle, was proposed to design the braking sys... more A non-contact method, using magnetic drag force principle, was proposed to design the braking systems to improve the shortcomings of the conventional braking systems. The extensive literature detailing all aspects of the magnetic braking is briefly reviewed, however little of this refers specifically to upright magnetic braking system, which is useful for industries. One of the major issues to design upright magnetic system is to find out the magnetic flux. The changing magnetic flux induces eddy currents in the conductor. These currents dissipate energy in the conductor and generate drag force to slow down the motion. Therefore, a finite element model is developed to analyze the phenomena of magnetic flux density when air gap and materials of track are varied. The verification shows the predicted magnetic flux is within acceptable range with the measured value. The results will facilitate the design of magnetic braking systems. Keyword: Friction, Heat, Conventional Braking, and Ele...
Background: Carcinoma of the cervix is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, while it... more Background: Carcinoma of the cervix is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, while it is the commonest cancer among Indian women. Awareness regarding cervical cancer and its prevention is quite low amongst Indian women. The Pap test is a simple and cost effective technique for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Objectives: 1) To assess knowledge level regarding symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures for cervical carcinoma among nursing staff; 2) To find out the attitude and practice of respondents regarding preventive measures of cervical carcinoma; 3) To identify the socio demographic determinants affecting the level of knowledge among participants. Methodology: A Hospital-based survey regarding knowledge levels about cervical carcinoma was conducted among the nursing staff from one of the tertiary health institutes in Ahmadabad, India. A structured questionnaire with multiple choices was used for data collection. Provision for open-ended responses was also ma...
Primary B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Breast is a rare presentation of breast malignancy and it ... more Primary B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Breast is a rare presentation of breast malignancy and it is necessary to differentiate it from secondary breast lymphoma as prognosis and treatment varies based on the diagnosis. We report a case of 47-year-old female with bilateral PBNHL of Breast which is rare due to younger age of presentation than earlier reported cases of this malignancy, lump with “peau de orange” appearance seen in both the breasts which is usually seen with high grade lymphoma and complete recovery of the patient while bilateral PBL outlines poor prognosis. Mammosonography findings included dilated ducts with hypoechoiec areas. MRI showed altered signal intensity. Findings of the imaging studies are non-specific and vary widely from case to case which is why biopsy which is gold standard was done to confirm the diagnosis
Adolescence is a period of brain maturation that may involve a second wave of organizational effe... more Adolescence is a period of brain maturation that may involve a second wave of organizational effects of sex steroids on the brain. Rodent studies suggest that, overall, organizational effects of gonadal steroid hormones decrease from the prenatal/perinatal period to adulthood. Here we used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether 1) testosterone exposure during adolescence (9–17 years) correlates with the structure of cerebral cortex in young men (n = 216, 19 years of age); 2) this relationship is modulated by the timing of testosterone surge during puberty. Our results showed that pubertal testosterone correlates with structural properties of the cerebral cortex, as captured by principal component analysis of T1 and T2 relaxation times, myelin water fraction, magnetization transfer ratio, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. Many of the correlations between pubertal testosterone and the cortical structure were stronger in individuals with earlier (vs. lat...
International Journal of Medicine and Public Health, 2021
Introduction: Hepatitis B is the world's prevalent blood-borne viral infection, specifically it i... more Introduction: Hepatitis B is the world's prevalent blood-borne viral infection, specifically it is prevalent with its two flip sides of the coin such as in health care workers and pregnant women. Since health care workers have a vital role in providing health care, thus are more vulnerable to occupational risk. On the flip side, the most common method of transmission of HBV around the world is from mother to infant. Hence, both population knowledge and practice should be at an optimal level. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the system side knowledge and practice towards Hepatitis B be on the demand-side population in Sabarkantha, Gujarat. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Sabarkantha district of Gujarat. Data were obtained by using a piloted structured questionnaire in vernacular language from the supply-side (health workers) and demand-side (antenatal/ postnatal mothers) to assess the Knowledge of Hepatitis B at a point in time. Results: Study found 6.14 (± 2.89) and 1.69 (± 1.7) mean knowledge score (total score=14) towards the Hepatitis B disease, in the supply-side population and in the demand-side population respectively. The difference was statistically significant. In both populations, the most usual knowledge for symptoms and transmission of hepatitis reported were for Jaundice and hepatitis vaccine. Though the 60.9 % ANC/PNC revealed ASHA, as the most common source of information, the influence of ASHA's knowledge on ANC/PNC was not up to the mark. Furthermore, the study noticed ambiguity between Hepatitis A, E and Hepatitis B knowledge in both populations. Conclusion: There is need of frequent context tailored training of Hepatitis B amongst supply-side workers.
Importance Many psychiatric disorders can be conceptualized as disorders of brain maturation duri... more Importance Many psychiatric disorders can be conceptualized as disorders of brain maturation during childhood and adolescence. Discovering the neurobiological underpinnings of brain maturation may elucidate molecular pathways of vulnerability and resilience to such disorders. Objective To investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of age-associated cortical thinning during maturation and their implications for psychiatric disorders. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicohort analysis used data from 3 community-based studies. The Saguenay Youth Study provided data from 1024 adolescents who were recruited at a single site in Quebec, Canada. The IMAGEN cohort provided data from 1823 participants who were recruited in 8 European cities. The Brazil High Risk Cohort Study for the Development of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders provided data from 815 participants who were recruited in 2 Brazilian cities. Cortical thickness was estimated from the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and age-associated cortical thinning was estimated in 34 cortical regions. Gene expression from the Allen Human Brain Atlas was aligned with the same regions. Similarities in the interregional profiles of gene expression and the profiles of age-associated cortical thinning were measured. The involvement of dendrites, dendritic spines, and myelin was tested using 3 gene panels. Enrichment for genes associated with psychiatric disorders was tested among the genes associated with thinning and their coexpression networks. Data analysis was conducted between March and October 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures MRI-derived estimates of age-associated cortical thinning and gene expression in 34 cortical regions. Results A total of 3596 individuals aged 9 to 21 years were included in this study. Of those, 1803 participants (50.1%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 15.2 (2.6) years. Interregional profiles of age-associated cortical thinning were associated with interregional gradients in the expression of genes associated with dendrites, dendritic spines, and myelin; the variance in thinning explained by the gene panels across different points ranged from 0.45% to 10.55% for the dendrite panel, 0.00% to 9.98% for the spine panel, and 0.19% to 26.39% for the myelin panel. These genes and their coexpression networks were enriched for genes associated with several psychiatric disorders. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, genetic similarity between interregional variation in cortical thinning during maturation and multiple psychiatric disorders suggests overlapping molecular underpinnings. This finding adds to the understanding of the neurodevelopmental mechanisms of psychiatric disorders.
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Papers by Yash Patel