This paper presents a 1D modeling of electromagnetic waves for sea bed environment developed usin... more This paper presents a 1D modeling of electromagnetic waves for sea bed environment developed using MATLAB software. This paper focuses on two main areas; the first is on the simulator that is able to model plane layer modeling of the sea bed environment, by setting the deep of sea water, sediments and size and location of the hydrocarbon trap. This model shall be used as a forward modeling of sea bed environment. The second focus is on the effect of electromagnetic waves called direct waves, reflected waves and refracted waves on the sea bed environment where potential hydrocarbon is present. Our work is based on Sea Bed Logging (SBL) application that uses marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) sounding technique to detect and characterize hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs in deep water areas. SBL uses a mobile horizontal electric dipole (HED) source called transmitter and an array of seafloor electric field receivers. The transmitter transmits a low frequency electromagnetic signal from 30m -40m above the sea bed into water layer and to underneath the sea bed. The array of the receivers will receive the signal in the form of direct waves, air waves, reflected waves and refracted waves and is measured in the form of amplitude and phase. These signals depend on the resistivity structure beneath the sea bed. Hydrocarbon is known to have high resistivity value of 30 -500 Ωm in contrast to sea water layer of 0.5 -2 Ωm and sediments of 1-2 Ωm. These signals were plotted to show the Electric Field amplitude verses offset (AVO) and comparisons were made.
Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) was prepared through sol-gel technique and sintered at three different temperature... more Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) was prepared through sol-gel technique and sintered at three different temperatures (1000-1200δC). Various characterizations on the morphological and structural properties of produced YIG have been done as to understand the potential of this unique magnetic type nanomaterial to be used in the catalyst application for ammonia synthesis at ambient or green production environment. YIG catalyst exposed under magnetic induction of 0.1 T produced about 242.56μmol/h.g-cat yield of ammonia (NH3) at freezing reaction temperature of 0δC. About 95.88% improvements of NH3 yield is produced in comparison with the absence of magnetic induction reaction condition (10μmol/h.g-cat). Synthesis at 25δC yielded reduction about 0.90% lower than the synthesis at 0δC temperature. Thus, it is proven that the temperature engaged the dominant roles in affecting the catalytic effect of YIG catalyst for NH3 production. Further parametric studies should be conducted as to explore the robustness o...
Y3.0-xBixFe5O12 samples were prepared via conventional technique. Four samples of Y3.0-xBixFe5O12... more Y3.0-xBixFe5O12 samples were prepared via conventional technique. Four samples of Y3.0-xBixFe5O12 were prepared (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). The samples were then studied for general variation of Curie temperature and initial permeability with bismuth content. All the compounds prepared were identified by X-Ray Diffraction. Sample with the highest content of bismuth, sample Y2.2Bi0.8Fe5O12 , recorded the highest Curie temperature
Monoclinic bismuth oxide (α-Bi2O3) nanoparticles were prepared via precipitation method and irrad... more Monoclinic bismuth oxide (α-Bi2O3) nanoparticles were prepared via precipitation method and irradiated with a pulsed laser forming thin films. Their phase and surface morphological properties were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The XRD analysis shows the phase transformation to a partially crystalline tetragonal phase β-Bi2O3
2012 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, 2012
ABSTRACT Detection of hydrocarbons (HC) by a Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM), based on r... more ABSTRACT Detection of hydrocarbons (HC) by a Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM), based on resistivity contrast, makes electromagnetic (EM) waves convincing method for HC detection in deep water exploration. However, HC survey done in shallow water is difficult due to a phenomenon called “air wave effect”. The waves that are produced by EM transmitter interact with air-sea interface to generate air waves that diffuse from the sea surface to the receivers. These air waves dominate the measured EM data such that the presence of the HC may not be detected. This work is a verification of the effect of air waves in shallow water environment. Data with hydrocarbon at 500m depth and data without hydrocarbon were simulated using CST EM Studio for this study for sea water depths from 1000m to 100m. Results have shown that the presence of hydrocarbon in shallow water is shielded by air waves.
2010 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE), 2010
The new emerging technique for finding resistive layers in the subsurface which can be hydrocarbo... more The new emerging technique for finding resistive layers in the subsurface which can be hydrocarbon-saturated reservoirs using Marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) is called seabed logging (SBL). It uses a mobile horizontal electric dipole (HED) source which generates ultra low frequency (0.1 -10 Hz) but powerful electromagnetic signal while being towed at about 30 -40m above an array of seafloor electric field receivers. These arrays of receivers will receive signal in the form of direct waves, air waves, reflected waves and refracted waves and is measured in the form of amplitude and phase. The amplitude and phase of this signal depend on the resistivity of the mediums that they travel. Hydrocarbon is known to have high resistivity value of 30 -500Ωm, in contrast to conductive sea water of 0.5 -2 Ωm and sediments of 1 -2Ωm. This paper will investigate and discuss the effect of these receivers readings in term of direct waves, air waves, reflected waves and guided waves as we increased the frequency value from 0.01Hz to 10Hz. Using simulator that has been developed using MATLAB software we will set up a forward model that contains air, sea water, sediments and hydrocarbon reservoir with their predefined resistivity values. From here we shall discuss the trend on wave amplitude obtained at different frequency values.
Abstract Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted the attention of scientific community due to thei... more Abstract Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted the attention of scientific community due to their fundamental and technical importance. The structural diversities and the related diverse physical properties with large aspect ratio, small diameter and low density, are extremely fascinating. CNTs can behave as metallic conductors, semiconductors or insulators depending on their chirality, diameter and presence of defects. Their nano-scale dimension can be exploited as they have high accessible surface areas that make them ...
Electromagnetic (EM) waves transmitted by Horizontal Electric Dipole (HED) source to detect contr... more Electromagnetic (EM) waves transmitted by Horizontal Electric Dipole (HED) source to detect contrasts in subsurface resistivity termed Seabed Logging (SBL) is now an established method for hydrocarbon exploration. However, currently used EM wave detectors for SBL have several challenges including the sensitivity and its bulk size. This work exploits the benefit of superconductor technology in developing a magnetometer termed Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) which can potentially be used for SBL. A SQUID magnetometer was fabricated using hexagon shape-niobium wire with YBa2Cu37O, (YBCO) as a barrier. The YBa2Cu37O, samples were synthesized by sol-gel method and were sintered using a furnace and conventional microwave oven. The YBCO gel was dried at 120 degrees C in air for 72 hours. It was then ground and divided into 12 parts. Four samples were sintered at 750 degrees C, 850 degrees C, 900 degrees C, and 950 degrees C for 12 hours in a furnace to find the optimum ...
Magnetic nanoparticles in the hollow region of carbon nanotubes have attraction due to their chan... more Magnetic nanoparticles in the hollow region of carbon nanotubes have attraction due to their changing physical electrical and magnetic properties. Nickel zinc ferrite plays an important role in many applications due to its superior magnetic properties. Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals were encapsulated in multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The magnetic nano crystals were prepared using a sol-gel self combustion method at the sintering temperature of 750 degrees C and were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM and VSM. Initial permeability, Q-factor and relative loss factor were measured by impedance vector network analyzer. XRD patterns were used for the phase identification. FESEM images show morphology and dimensions of the grains of Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals and Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals in MWCNTs. TEM images were used to investigate single crystal and encapsulation of Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals in the MWCNTs. VSM results confirmed super paramagnetic behaviour of enc...
Y3.0-xBixFe5O12 samples were prepared via conventional technique. Four samples of Y3.0-xBixFe5O12... more Y3.0-xBixFe5O12 samples were prepared via conventional technique. Four samples of Y3.0-xBixFe5O12 were prepared (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). The samples were then studied for general variation of Curie temperature and initial permeability with bismuth content. All the compounds prepared were identified by X-Ray Diffraction. Sample with the highest content of bismuth, sample Y2.2Bi0.8Fe5O12 , recorded the highest Curie temperature
This paper presents a 1D modeling of electromagnetic waves for sea bed environment developed usin... more This paper presents a 1D modeling of electromagnetic waves for sea bed environment developed using MATLAB software. This paper focuses on two main areas; the first is on the simulator that is able to model plane layer modeling of the sea bed environment, by setting the deep of sea water, sediments and size and location of the hydrocarbon trap. This model shall be used as a forward modeling of sea bed environment. The second focus is on the effect of electromagnetic waves called direct waves, reflected waves and refracted waves on the sea bed environment where potential hydrocarbon is present. Our work is based on Sea Bed Logging (SBL) application that uses marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) sounding technique to detect and characterize hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs in deep water areas. SBL uses a mobile horizontal electric dipole (HED) source called transmitter and an array of seafloor electric field receivers. The transmitter transmits a low frequency electromagnetic signal from 30m -40m above the sea bed into water layer and to underneath the sea bed. The array of the receivers will receive the signal in the form of direct waves, air waves, reflected waves and refracted waves and is measured in the form of amplitude and phase. These signals depend on the resistivity structure beneath the sea bed. Hydrocarbon is known to have high resistivity value of 30 -500 Ωm in contrast to sea water layer of 0.5 -2 Ωm and sediments of 1-2 Ωm. These signals were plotted to show the Electric Field amplitude verses offset (AVO) and comparisons were made.
Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) was prepared through sol-gel technique and sintered at three different temperature... more Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) was prepared through sol-gel technique and sintered at three different temperatures (1000-1200δC). Various characterizations on the morphological and structural properties of produced YIG have been done as to understand the potential of this unique magnetic type nanomaterial to be used in the catalyst application for ammonia synthesis at ambient or green production environment. YIG catalyst exposed under magnetic induction of 0.1 T produced about 242.56μmol/h.g-cat yield of ammonia (NH3) at freezing reaction temperature of 0δC. About 95.88% improvements of NH3 yield is produced in comparison with the absence of magnetic induction reaction condition (10μmol/h.g-cat). Synthesis at 25δC yielded reduction about 0.90% lower than the synthesis at 0δC temperature. Thus, it is proven that the temperature engaged the dominant roles in affecting the catalytic effect of YIG catalyst for NH3 production. Further parametric studies should be conducted as to explore the robustness o...
Y3.0-xBixFe5O12 samples were prepared via conventional technique. Four samples of Y3.0-xBixFe5O12... more Y3.0-xBixFe5O12 samples were prepared via conventional technique. Four samples of Y3.0-xBixFe5O12 were prepared (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). The samples were then studied for general variation of Curie temperature and initial permeability with bismuth content. All the compounds prepared were identified by X-Ray Diffraction. Sample with the highest content of bismuth, sample Y2.2Bi0.8Fe5O12 , recorded the highest Curie temperature
Monoclinic bismuth oxide (α-Bi2O3) nanoparticles were prepared via precipitation method and irrad... more Monoclinic bismuth oxide (α-Bi2O3) nanoparticles were prepared via precipitation method and irradiated with a pulsed laser forming thin films. Their phase and surface morphological properties were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The XRD analysis shows the phase transformation to a partially crystalline tetragonal phase β-Bi2O3
2012 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, 2012
ABSTRACT Detection of hydrocarbons (HC) by a Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM), based on r... more ABSTRACT Detection of hydrocarbons (HC) by a Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM), based on resistivity contrast, makes electromagnetic (EM) waves convincing method for HC detection in deep water exploration. However, HC survey done in shallow water is difficult due to a phenomenon called “air wave effect”. The waves that are produced by EM transmitter interact with air-sea interface to generate air waves that diffuse from the sea surface to the receivers. These air waves dominate the measured EM data such that the presence of the HC may not be detected. This work is a verification of the effect of air waves in shallow water environment. Data with hydrocarbon at 500m depth and data without hydrocarbon were simulated using CST EM Studio for this study for sea water depths from 1000m to 100m. Results have shown that the presence of hydrocarbon in shallow water is shielded by air waves.
2010 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE), 2010
The new emerging technique for finding resistive layers in the subsurface which can be hydrocarbo... more The new emerging technique for finding resistive layers in the subsurface which can be hydrocarbon-saturated reservoirs using Marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) is called seabed logging (SBL). It uses a mobile horizontal electric dipole (HED) source which generates ultra low frequency (0.1 -10 Hz) but powerful electromagnetic signal while being towed at about 30 -40m above an array of seafloor electric field receivers. These arrays of receivers will receive signal in the form of direct waves, air waves, reflected waves and refracted waves and is measured in the form of amplitude and phase. The amplitude and phase of this signal depend on the resistivity of the mediums that they travel. Hydrocarbon is known to have high resistivity value of 30 -500Ωm, in contrast to conductive sea water of 0.5 -2 Ωm and sediments of 1 -2Ωm. This paper will investigate and discuss the effect of these receivers readings in term of direct waves, air waves, reflected waves and guided waves as we increased the frequency value from 0.01Hz to 10Hz. Using simulator that has been developed using MATLAB software we will set up a forward model that contains air, sea water, sediments and hydrocarbon reservoir with their predefined resistivity values. From here we shall discuss the trend on wave amplitude obtained at different frequency values.
Abstract Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted the attention of scientific community due to thei... more Abstract Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted the attention of scientific community due to their fundamental and technical importance. The structural diversities and the related diverse physical properties with large aspect ratio, small diameter and low density, are extremely fascinating. CNTs can behave as metallic conductors, semiconductors or insulators depending on their chirality, diameter and presence of defects. Their nano-scale dimension can be exploited as they have high accessible surface areas that make them ...
Electromagnetic (EM) waves transmitted by Horizontal Electric Dipole (HED) source to detect contr... more Electromagnetic (EM) waves transmitted by Horizontal Electric Dipole (HED) source to detect contrasts in subsurface resistivity termed Seabed Logging (SBL) is now an established method for hydrocarbon exploration. However, currently used EM wave detectors for SBL have several challenges including the sensitivity and its bulk size. This work exploits the benefit of superconductor technology in developing a magnetometer termed Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) which can potentially be used for SBL. A SQUID magnetometer was fabricated using hexagon shape-niobium wire with YBa2Cu37O, (YBCO) as a barrier. The YBa2Cu37O, samples were synthesized by sol-gel method and were sintered using a furnace and conventional microwave oven. The YBCO gel was dried at 120 degrees C in air for 72 hours. It was then ground and divided into 12 parts. Four samples were sintered at 750 degrees C, 850 degrees C, 900 degrees C, and 950 degrees C for 12 hours in a furnace to find the optimum ...
Magnetic nanoparticles in the hollow region of carbon nanotubes have attraction due to their chan... more Magnetic nanoparticles in the hollow region of carbon nanotubes have attraction due to their changing physical electrical and magnetic properties. Nickel zinc ferrite plays an important role in many applications due to its superior magnetic properties. Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals were encapsulated in multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The magnetic nano crystals were prepared using a sol-gel self combustion method at the sintering temperature of 750 degrees C and were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM and VSM. Initial permeability, Q-factor and relative loss factor were measured by impedance vector network analyzer. XRD patterns were used for the phase identification. FESEM images show morphology and dimensions of the grains of Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals and Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals in MWCNTs. TEM images were used to investigate single crystal and encapsulation of Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals in the MWCNTs. VSM results confirmed super paramagnetic behaviour of enc...
Y3.0-xBixFe5O12 samples were prepared via conventional technique. Four samples of Y3.0-xBixFe5O12... more Y3.0-xBixFe5O12 samples were prepared via conventional technique. Four samples of Y3.0-xBixFe5O12 were prepared (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). The samples were then studied for general variation of Curie temperature and initial permeability with bismuth content. All the compounds prepared were identified by X-Ray Diffraction. Sample with the highest content of bismuth, sample Y2.2Bi0.8Fe5O12 , recorded the highest Curie temperature
Uploads
Papers by Noorhana Yahya