SIMULATIONS ON NICKEL TARGET PREPARATION AND SEPARATION.OF Ni(II)-Cu(II) MATRIX FOR PRODUCTION OF... more SIMULATIONS ON NICKEL TARGET PREPARATION AND SEPARATION.OF Ni(II)-Cu(II) MATRIX FOR PRODUCTION OF RADIOISOTOPE 64Cu. The simulations on Nickel target preparation and separation of Ni(II)-Cu(II) matrix has been carried out as a preliminary study for production of medical radioisotope Cu-64 based on nuclear reaction of 64Ni (p,n) 64Cu. The nickel target preparation was performed by means of electroplating method using acidic solution of nickel chloride- boric acid mixture and basic solution of nickel sulphate – nickel chloride mixture on a silver- surfaced-target holder. The simulated solution of Ni(II) – Cu(II) matrix was considered as the solution of post-proton-irradiated nickel target containing both irradiated nickel and radioactive copper, but in the presented work the proton irradiation of nickel target was omitted, while the radioactive copper was originally obtained from neutron irradiation of CuO target. The separation of radioactive copper from the nickel target matrix was ...
Nukleotida bertanda fosfor-32 (32P) [ -32P]-adenosine triphosphate {[ -32P]-ATP} salah satu s... more Nukleotida bertanda fosfor-32 (32P) [ -32P]-adenosine triphosphate {[ -32P]-ATP} salah satu senyawa yang banyak digunakan dalam penelitian biologi molekul. Untuk dapat menunjang penelitian biologi molekul di Indonesia, telah dilakukan pembuatan senyawa nukleotida bertanda [ -32P]-ATP melalui reaksi enzimatis menggunakan prekursor DL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, nukleotida adenosine diphosphate (ADP) dan H332PO4,serta enzim glyseraldehid 3-phosphat dehydrogenase, 3phosphogliserat-kinase dan laktat dehidrogenase. Uji stabilitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi penyimpanan yang baik sehingga senyawa nukleotida bertanda [ -32P]ATP tetap stabil. Dari proses sintesis tersebut berhasil diperoleh [ -32P]-ATP dengan rendemen pembentukannya 96,48 % dan aktivitas total hasil fraksinasi 17,775 mCi. Dan hasil uji stabilitas senyawa nukleotida bertanda [ -32P]ATP tetap stabil pada temperature penyimpanan 2 - 8°C, selama 22 hari penyimpanan. Dengan berhasilnya dilakukan sintesis dan u...
ABSTRAK MODIFIKASI SINTESIS NUKLEOTIDA BERTANDA [Y-32P]ATP. Dalam perkembangan biologimolekul, ra... more ABSTRAK MODIFIKASI SINTESIS NUKLEOTIDA BERTANDA [Y-32P]ATP. Dalam perkembangan biologimolekul, radionuklida dalam bentuk senyawa bertanda telah digunakan sebagai perunut deoxyribonucleicacid (DNA)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) untuk mendalami berbagai macam proses fisiologi dan patologi. Salahsatu senyawa tersebut adalah nukleotida bertanda fosfor-32 (32P) [γ-32P]-adenosine triphosphate {[γ-32P]-ATP} yang banyak digunakan dalam penelitian biologi molekul. Untuk dapat menunjang penelitian biologimolekul di Indonesia, pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pembuatan senyawa nukleotida bertanda [γ-32P]-ATP melalui reaksi enzimatis dengan melakukan modifikasi pada metoda sintesisnya menggunakanprekursor DL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, nukleotida adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) dan H332PO4, sertaenzim gliseraldehid 3-phosphat dehidrogense, 3-phosphogliserat-kinase dan laktat dehidrogenase. Pemurnian[γ-32P]-ATP hasil sintesis dengan menggunakan kolom kromatografi DEAE-Sephadex. Dari proses sintesisdan ...
Keloids are skin disorders or benign tumors that are due to abnormal wound healing in the binding... more Keloids are skin disorders or benign tumors that are due to abnormal wound healing in the binding tissue after a trauma, inflammation, surgical wounds, or burns. Low activity radioisotopes have shown to be effective in curing or eliminating keloids on the skin. One of these radioisotopes is phosphorus-32 (32P), a beta (β-) emitter with a half-life of 14.3 days. This radioisotope can also be developed for the treatment of keloid and skin tumors. Currently, keloid is treated by a conventional method e.g. by applying the bulk of 32P radioisotope directly on keloid area and this method is considered inefficient and less secure. The purpose of this research is to obtain technology for preparing of a 32P-labeled skin patch. The first step of this research is to produce 32P-labeled chromic phosphate (Cr32PO4) colloids, through condensation involving oxidation-reduction reaction. In this step, Cr (VI) is reduced to Cr (III) to form Cr32PO4 with a particle size of <1 μm. These particles (...
This article describes a method used in teaching English in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. D... more This article describes a method used in teaching English in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital content media that can be sourced from YouTube, Facebook, and TV broadcasting, or teaching videos made by the teacher are expected to be utilized to enable students to learn effectively. The Mixed Method with Quan-Qual Approach used to analyse the research data not for teaching. They use questionnaires and interviews to examine the responses of students and teachers in Makassar.The purpose of these instruments is to determine how to use digital content and whether digital content can increase student motivation and interest in the material provided. Based on data analysis results, it was concluded that the use of digital content in teaching English is very helpful for students in understanding material during the pandemic, especially for the millennial generation. Upon using digital content, the learning process becomes easier because it can be directly integrated into various app...
KLASIKAL : JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, LANGUAGE TEACHING AND SCIENCE
English teaching is a process that the teacher interacts with students. Asking and answering are ... more English teaching is a process that the teacher interacts with students. Asking and answering are the primary ways to communicate with each other, so questioning plays a central role in classroom. It urges students to think actively and develops their creative thinking. Because of the importance of questions to the research process, one of the things a teacher at a university tries to teach students is how to ask good questions, and how to answer them appropriately. This makes the process of questioning important in every class taught at a university. Questions are important to the students in a class for two reasons: (1) Students learn to ask questions by asking questions. Students learn to ask good questions by asking questions and then receiving feedback on them. Students learn to become scholars by learning to ask good questions; (2) student asking a question is at that moment a self-motivated learner - a researcher. This is the behavior trying to nurture
SIMULATIONS ON NICKEL TARGET PREPARATION AND SEPARATION.OF Ni(II)-Cu(II) MATRIX FORPRODUCTION OF ... more SIMULATIONS ON NICKEL TARGET PREPARATION AND SEPARATION.OF Ni(II)-Cu(II) MATRIX FORPRODUCTION OF RADIOISOTOPE64Cu64Ni (p,n) 64 and retained on the column while the nickel was kept in the form of Ni2+ 2+ 2+ and CuCl while the nickel was totally in the form of Ni2+ while the nickel was found as both Ni2+ and NiCl while the nickel was mostly in the form of Ni2+. The retained CuCl was then changed back into Cu2+ Keywords 64 Cu, Anion exchange chromatography.: Nickel target preparation, Radioisotope Cu-64, Separation of Ni(II)-Cu(II) matrix, Nuclear reaction of 64Ni(p,n) cation form andeluted out the column by using HCl 0.05 M. The 42– 4 2–.The best condition of separation was in HCl 8 M in which the radioactive copper was mostly in the form of CuCl 42– 42– . In the condition ofHCl 9 M, the radioactive copper was mostly in the form of CuCl 42– cation. It was found that the electroplating result from the acidic solution was more satisfied than that from the basic solution. By co...
EFL learner strategy has become a popular issue since English considered as an International lang... more EFL learner strategy has become a popular issue since English considered as an International language which goes through with international public communication tools. In this study, the researcher focused on verifying learner strategy in enhancing English mastery inside classroom context of Indonesian college student. This study was qualitative research applied case study approach, which involves grounded theory method. The subject of this study was a learner which was considered as good EFL learner. Findings indicated that; a) Good EFL learner acts to obey a rule of learners (discipline). b) Good EFL learner tends to be relaxed and not easily upset (easy going). c) Good EFL learner has an eager to learn or to know something (curiosity). d) Good EFL learner dare to be different or prefers to act differently. In addition, e) Good EFL learner usually determined to follow a particular plan of action and sometimes using words in a clever and funny way (serious and witty).
The utilization of nuclear technology in health sector with molecular techniques is increasingly ... more The utilization of nuclear technology in health sector with molecular techniques is increasingly developed today, especially in Indonesia. One of which is nucleotide compound marked with [α-32P]ATP, this compound has been used as tracer for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/ ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the study of various physiological and pathological processes. [α-32P]ATP is synthesized through several stages of continuous reaction in one reaction vessel. It begins with synthesis of [γ-32P]ATP through an enzymatic reaction, using H332PO4 and ADP, and enzymes of lactate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate phosphokinase and glyceraldehide 3-phospho dehydrogenase; followed by phosphorilation of 3’AMP with T4 polinucleotide kinase enzyme to produce 3’-[5’-32P]ATP. The result is hydrolyzed with nuclease P1 enzyme to produce [5’-32P]AMP. The unreacted [γ-32P] is degraded by the addition of hexokinase enzyme and glucose. At the final stage of the reaction, the [5’-32P]AMP is phosphorilated us...
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
Keloids are skin disorders or benign tumours that are due to abnormal wound healing in the bindin... more Keloids are skin disorders or benign tumours that are due to abnormal wound healing in the binding tissue after trauma, inflammation, surgical wounds, or burns. Low activity radioisotopes have shown to be effective in curing or eliminating keloids on the skin. One of these radioisotopes is phosphorus-32 (32 P), a beta (β-) emitter with a half-life of 14.3 days. This radioisotope can also be developed for the treatment of keloid and skin tumours. Currently, the keloid is treated by conventional methods where a filter paper which has been wetted with 32 P in form of its sodium phosphate directly applied on the area of the keloid. However, this method is considered inefficient and less secure. The purpose of this research is to obtain technology for preparing of 32 P-labeled skin patch which is expected to be which will not decompose easily. The first step of this research is to produce 32 P-labeled chromic phosphate (Cr 32 PO 4) colloids, a precursor of skin patch, through condensation which involves oxidation-reduction reaction. In this step, Cr (VI) is reduced to Cr (III) to form Cr 32 PO 4 with a particle size of <1 μm. These particles (Cr 32 PO 4) are expected to evenly distributed when mixed with silicon to form skin patch. The reaction gave a yield of 97,8%. The results of characterization show that the prepared Cr 32 PO 4 colloids have a particle size of > 1μm. Further study needs to be performed in due time in order to have Cr 32 PO 4 colloids with suitable particle size.
Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature
This research is aimed to find out the solution of the anxiousness phenomenon that always attacks... more This research is aimed to find out the solution of the anxiousness phenomenon that always attacks the EFL Learners particularly in Indonesia. In the future, this research is expected as main information for all students and lecturer or teachers of English to decrease the students’ anxiety in performing speaking. In long time ago until now, it becomes a big problem for all beginner students of English. The implementation of this research starting by doing observation to all class in the sixth semester students to find out some good EFL Learners. Researchers then consulting with the lecturer in determining the students to be the subject of this research. After finding the subject, interview session will be conducted to find out several information about their anxiousness. The data will be collected until limit of saturation. The last step of this research is doing analysis of the data were taken from observation and interview. The researchers will apply data reduction for the first st...
SIMULATIONS ON NICKEL TARGET PREPARATION AND SEPARATION.OF Ni(II)-Cu(II) MATRIX FOR PRODUCTION OF... more SIMULATIONS ON NICKEL TARGET PREPARATION AND SEPARATION.OF Ni(II)-Cu(II) MATRIX FOR PRODUCTION OF RADIOISOTOPE 64 Cu. The simulations on Nickel target preparation and separation of Ni(II)-Cu(II) matrix has been carried out as a preliminary study for production of medical radioisotope Cu-64 based on nuclear reaction of 64 Ni (p,n) 64 Cu. The nickel target preparation was performed by means of electroplating method using acidic solution of nickel chloride-boric acid mixture and basic solution of nickel sulphate-nickel chloride mixture on a silver-surfaced-target holder. The simulated solution of Ni(II)-Cu(II) matrix was considered as the solution of post-proton-irradiated nickel target containing both irradiated nickel and radioactive copper, but in the presented work the proton irradiation of nickel target was omitted, while the radioactive copper was originally obtained from neutron irradiation of CuO target. The separation of radioactive copper from the nickel target matrix was based on anion exchange column chromatography in which the radiocopper was conditioned to form anion complex CuCl 4 2and retained on the column while the nickel was kept in the form of Ni 2+ cation and eluted off from the column. The retained radioactive copper was then eluted out the column in the condition of dilute HCl changing back the copper anion complex into Cu 2+ cation. It was found that the electroplating result from the acidic solution was more satisfied than that from the basic solution. By conditioning the matrix solution at HCl 6 M, the radioactive copper was found in the forms of Cu 2+ and CuCl 4 2while the nickel was totally in the form of Ni 2+. In the condition of HCl 9 M, the radioactive copper was mostly in the form of CuCl 4 2while the nickel was found as both Ni 2+ and NiCl 4 2-. The best condition of separation was in HCl 8 M in which the radioactive copper was mostly in the form of CuCl 4 2while the nickel was mostly in the form of Ni 2+. The retained CuCl 4 2was then changed back into Cu 2+ cation form and eluted out the column by using HCl 0.05 M. The γ-spectrometric analysis showed a single strong peak at 511 keV which is in accord to γ-annihilation peak coming from positron decay of Cu-64, and a very weak peak at 1346 keV which is in accord to γ-ray of Cu-64.
Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Nuklir Indonesia, Jul 15, 2013
(II) dianggap sebagai larutan target nikel pasca iradiasi yang mengandung radiotembaga. Dalam per... more (II) dianggap sebagai larutan target nikel pasca iradiasi yang mengandung radiotembaga. Dalam percobaan ini iradiasi nikel tidak dilakukan, sedangkan radiotembaga dihasilkan dari aktivasi neutron pada target CuO. Pemisahan radiotembaga dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom penukar anion pada kondisi Cu sebagai komplek anion CuCl 4 2dan Ni dalam bentuk kation Ni 2+. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan larutan nikel suasana asam memberikan deposit electroplating nikel yang lebih memuaskan dibandingkan dengan larutan nikel suasana basa. Dalam kondisi HCl 6 M spesi tembaga terindikasi dalam bentuk Cu 2+ dan CuCl 4 2-, sedangkan nikel dalam bentuk Ni 2+. Dalam kondisi HCl 9 M, tembaga dalam bentuk CuCl 4 2-, sedangkan nikel dalam bentuk Ni 2+ dan NiCl 4 2-. Kondisi pemisahan terbaik adalah dalam HCl 8 M yang mengkondisikan tembaga berada dalam bentuk CuCl 4 2-, sedangkan nikel dalam bentuk Ni 2+. Selanjutnya CuCl 4 2yang tertahan di kolom diubah menjadi Cu 2+ dan dielusi dengan HCl 0,05 M. Pemeriksaan spektrometri-γ menunjukkan puncak kuat pada energi 511 keV yang sesuai dengan energi γ-anihilasi radioisotop 64 Cu dan puncak lemah pada 1346 keV sesuai dengan energi γ dari transisi energi internal 64 Cu Kata kunci: reaksi nuklir 64 Ni (p,n) 64 Cu, target nikel, radioisotop 64 Cu, kromatografi penukar anion.
SIMULATIONS ON NICKEL TARGET PREPARATION AND SEPARATION.OF Ni(II)-Cu(II) MATRIX FOR PRODUCTION OF... more SIMULATIONS ON NICKEL TARGET PREPARATION AND SEPARATION.OF Ni(II)-Cu(II) MATRIX FOR PRODUCTION OF RADIOISOTOPE 64Cu. The simulations on Nickel target preparation and separation of Ni(II)-Cu(II) matrix has been carried out as a preliminary study for production of medical radioisotope Cu-64 based on nuclear reaction of 64Ni (p,n) 64Cu. The nickel target preparation was performed by means of electroplating method using acidic solution of nickel chloride- boric acid mixture and basic solution of nickel sulphate – nickel chloride mixture on a silver- surfaced-target holder. The simulated solution of Ni(II) – Cu(II) matrix was considered as the solution of post-proton-irradiated nickel target containing both irradiated nickel and radioactive copper, but in the presented work the proton irradiation of nickel target was omitted, while the radioactive copper was originally obtained from neutron irradiation of CuO target. The separation of radioactive copper from the nickel target matrix was ...
Nukleotida bertanda fosfor-32 (32P) [ -32P]-adenosine triphosphate {[ -32P]-ATP} salah satu s... more Nukleotida bertanda fosfor-32 (32P) [ -32P]-adenosine triphosphate {[ -32P]-ATP} salah satu senyawa yang banyak digunakan dalam penelitian biologi molekul. Untuk dapat menunjang penelitian biologi molekul di Indonesia, telah dilakukan pembuatan senyawa nukleotida bertanda [ -32P]-ATP melalui reaksi enzimatis menggunakan prekursor DL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, nukleotida adenosine diphosphate (ADP) dan H332PO4,serta enzim glyseraldehid 3-phosphat dehydrogenase, 3phosphogliserat-kinase dan laktat dehidrogenase. Uji stabilitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi penyimpanan yang baik sehingga senyawa nukleotida bertanda [ -32P]ATP tetap stabil. Dari proses sintesis tersebut berhasil diperoleh [ -32P]-ATP dengan rendemen pembentukannya 96,48 % dan aktivitas total hasil fraksinasi 17,775 mCi. Dan hasil uji stabilitas senyawa nukleotida bertanda [ -32P]ATP tetap stabil pada temperature penyimpanan 2 - 8°C, selama 22 hari penyimpanan. Dengan berhasilnya dilakukan sintesis dan u...
ABSTRAK MODIFIKASI SINTESIS NUKLEOTIDA BERTANDA [Y-32P]ATP. Dalam perkembangan biologimolekul, ra... more ABSTRAK MODIFIKASI SINTESIS NUKLEOTIDA BERTANDA [Y-32P]ATP. Dalam perkembangan biologimolekul, radionuklida dalam bentuk senyawa bertanda telah digunakan sebagai perunut deoxyribonucleicacid (DNA)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) untuk mendalami berbagai macam proses fisiologi dan patologi. Salahsatu senyawa tersebut adalah nukleotida bertanda fosfor-32 (32P) [γ-32P]-adenosine triphosphate {[γ-32P]-ATP} yang banyak digunakan dalam penelitian biologi molekul. Untuk dapat menunjang penelitian biologimolekul di Indonesia, pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pembuatan senyawa nukleotida bertanda [γ-32P]-ATP melalui reaksi enzimatis dengan melakukan modifikasi pada metoda sintesisnya menggunakanprekursor DL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, nukleotida adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) dan H332PO4, sertaenzim gliseraldehid 3-phosphat dehidrogense, 3-phosphogliserat-kinase dan laktat dehidrogenase. Pemurnian[γ-32P]-ATP hasil sintesis dengan menggunakan kolom kromatografi DEAE-Sephadex. Dari proses sintesisdan ...
Keloids are skin disorders or benign tumors that are due to abnormal wound healing in the binding... more Keloids are skin disorders or benign tumors that are due to abnormal wound healing in the binding tissue after a trauma, inflammation, surgical wounds, or burns. Low activity radioisotopes have shown to be effective in curing or eliminating keloids on the skin. One of these radioisotopes is phosphorus-32 (32P), a beta (β-) emitter with a half-life of 14.3 days. This radioisotope can also be developed for the treatment of keloid and skin tumors. Currently, keloid is treated by a conventional method e.g. by applying the bulk of 32P radioisotope directly on keloid area and this method is considered inefficient and less secure. The purpose of this research is to obtain technology for preparing of a 32P-labeled skin patch. The first step of this research is to produce 32P-labeled chromic phosphate (Cr32PO4) colloids, through condensation involving oxidation-reduction reaction. In this step, Cr (VI) is reduced to Cr (III) to form Cr32PO4 with a particle size of <1 μm. These particles (...
This article describes a method used in teaching English in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. D... more This article describes a method used in teaching English in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital content media that can be sourced from YouTube, Facebook, and TV broadcasting, or teaching videos made by the teacher are expected to be utilized to enable students to learn effectively. The Mixed Method with Quan-Qual Approach used to analyse the research data not for teaching. They use questionnaires and interviews to examine the responses of students and teachers in Makassar.The purpose of these instruments is to determine how to use digital content and whether digital content can increase student motivation and interest in the material provided. Based on data analysis results, it was concluded that the use of digital content in teaching English is very helpful for students in understanding material during the pandemic, especially for the millennial generation. Upon using digital content, the learning process becomes easier because it can be directly integrated into various app...
KLASIKAL : JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, LANGUAGE TEACHING AND SCIENCE
English teaching is a process that the teacher interacts with students. Asking and answering are ... more English teaching is a process that the teacher interacts with students. Asking and answering are the primary ways to communicate with each other, so questioning plays a central role in classroom. It urges students to think actively and develops their creative thinking. Because of the importance of questions to the research process, one of the things a teacher at a university tries to teach students is how to ask good questions, and how to answer them appropriately. This makes the process of questioning important in every class taught at a university. Questions are important to the students in a class for two reasons: (1) Students learn to ask questions by asking questions. Students learn to ask good questions by asking questions and then receiving feedback on them. Students learn to become scholars by learning to ask good questions; (2) student asking a question is at that moment a self-motivated learner - a researcher. This is the behavior trying to nurture
SIMULATIONS ON NICKEL TARGET PREPARATION AND SEPARATION.OF Ni(II)-Cu(II) MATRIX FORPRODUCTION OF ... more SIMULATIONS ON NICKEL TARGET PREPARATION AND SEPARATION.OF Ni(II)-Cu(II) MATRIX FORPRODUCTION OF RADIOISOTOPE64Cu64Ni (p,n) 64 and retained on the column while the nickel was kept in the form of Ni2+ 2+ 2+ and CuCl while the nickel was totally in the form of Ni2+ while the nickel was found as both Ni2+ and NiCl while the nickel was mostly in the form of Ni2+. The retained CuCl was then changed back into Cu2+ Keywords 64 Cu, Anion exchange chromatography.: Nickel target preparation, Radioisotope Cu-64, Separation of Ni(II)-Cu(II) matrix, Nuclear reaction of 64Ni(p,n) cation form andeluted out the column by using HCl 0.05 M. The 42– 4 2–.The best condition of separation was in HCl 8 M in which the radioactive copper was mostly in the form of CuCl 42– 42– . In the condition ofHCl 9 M, the radioactive copper was mostly in the form of CuCl 42– cation. It was found that the electroplating result from the acidic solution was more satisfied than that from the basic solution. By co...
EFL learner strategy has become a popular issue since English considered as an International lang... more EFL learner strategy has become a popular issue since English considered as an International language which goes through with international public communication tools. In this study, the researcher focused on verifying learner strategy in enhancing English mastery inside classroom context of Indonesian college student. This study was qualitative research applied case study approach, which involves grounded theory method. The subject of this study was a learner which was considered as good EFL learner. Findings indicated that; a) Good EFL learner acts to obey a rule of learners (discipline). b) Good EFL learner tends to be relaxed and not easily upset (easy going). c) Good EFL learner has an eager to learn or to know something (curiosity). d) Good EFL learner dare to be different or prefers to act differently. In addition, e) Good EFL learner usually determined to follow a particular plan of action and sometimes using words in a clever and funny way (serious and witty).
The utilization of nuclear technology in health sector with molecular techniques is increasingly ... more The utilization of nuclear technology in health sector with molecular techniques is increasingly developed today, especially in Indonesia. One of which is nucleotide compound marked with [α-32P]ATP, this compound has been used as tracer for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/ ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the study of various physiological and pathological processes. [α-32P]ATP is synthesized through several stages of continuous reaction in one reaction vessel. It begins with synthesis of [γ-32P]ATP through an enzymatic reaction, using H332PO4 and ADP, and enzymes of lactate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate phosphokinase and glyceraldehide 3-phospho dehydrogenase; followed by phosphorilation of 3’AMP with T4 polinucleotide kinase enzyme to produce 3’-[5’-32P]ATP. The result is hydrolyzed with nuclease P1 enzyme to produce [5’-32P]AMP. The unreacted [γ-32P] is degraded by the addition of hexokinase enzyme and glucose. At the final stage of the reaction, the [5’-32P]AMP is phosphorilated us...
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
Keloids are skin disorders or benign tumours that are due to abnormal wound healing in the bindin... more Keloids are skin disorders or benign tumours that are due to abnormal wound healing in the binding tissue after trauma, inflammation, surgical wounds, or burns. Low activity radioisotopes have shown to be effective in curing or eliminating keloids on the skin. One of these radioisotopes is phosphorus-32 (32 P), a beta (β-) emitter with a half-life of 14.3 days. This radioisotope can also be developed for the treatment of keloid and skin tumours. Currently, the keloid is treated by conventional methods where a filter paper which has been wetted with 32 P in form of its sodium phosphate directly applied on the area of the keloid. However, this method is considered inefficient and less secure. The purpose of this research is to obtain technology for preparing of 32 P-labeled skin patch which is expected to be which will not decompose easily. The first step of this research is to produce 32 P-labeled chromic phosphate (Cr 32 PO 4) colloids, a precursor of skin patch, through condensation which involves oxidation-reduction reaction. In this step, Cr (VI) is reduced to Cr (III) to form Cr 32 PO 4 with a particle size of <1 μm. These particles (Cr 32 PO 4) are expected to evenly distributed when mixed with silicon to form skin patch. The reaction gave a yield of 97,8%. The results of characterization show that the prepared Cr 32 PO 4 colloids have a particle size of > 1μm. Further study needs to be performed in due time in order to have Cr 32 PO 4 colloids with suitable particle size.
Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature
This research is aimed to find out the solution of the anxiousness phenomenon that always attacks... more This research is aimed to find out the solution of the anxiousness phenomenon that always attacks the EFL Learners particularly in Indonesia. In the future, this research is expected as main information for all students and lecturer or teachers of English to decrease the students’ anxiety in performing speaking. In long time ago until now, it becomes a big problem for all beginner students of English. The implementation of this research starting by doing observation to all class in the sixth semester students to find out some good EFL Learners. Researchers then consulting with the lecturer in determining the students to be the subject of this research. After finding the subject, interview session will be conducted to find out several information about their anxiousness. The data will be collected until limit of saturation. The last step of this research is doing analysis of the data were taken from observation and interview. The researchers will apply data reduction for the first st...
SIMULATIONS ON NICKEL TARGET PREPARATION AND SEPARATION.OF Ni(II)-Cu(II) MATRIX FOR PRODUCTION OF... more SIMULATIONS ON NICKEL TARGET PREPARATION AND SEPARATION.OF Ni(II)-Cu(II) MATRIX FOR PRODUCTION OF RADIOISOTOPE 64 Cu. The simulations on Nickel target preparation and separation of Ni(II)-Cu(II) matrix has been carried out as a preliminary study for production of medical radioisotope Cu-64 based on nuclear reaction of 64 Ni (p,n) 64 Cu. The nickel target preparation was performed by means of electroplating method using acidic solution of nickel chloride-boric acid mixture and basic solution of nickel sulphate-nickel chloride mixture on a silver-surfaced-target holder. The simulated solution of Ni(II)-Cu(II) matrix was considered as the solution of post-proton-irradiated nickel target containing both irradiated nickel and radioactive copper, but in the presented work the proton irradiation of nickel target was omitted, while the radioactive copper was originally obtained from neutron irradiation of CuO target. The separation of radioactive copper from the nickel target matrix was based on anion exchange column chromatography in which the radiocopper was conditioned to form anion complex CuCl 4 2and retained on the column while the nickel was kept in the form of Ni 2+ cation and eluted off from the column. The retained radioactive copper was then eluted out the column in the condition of dilute HCl changing back the copper anion complex into Cu 2+ cation. It was found that the electroplating result from the acidic solution was more satisfied than that from the basic solution. By conditioning the matrix solution at HCl 6 M, the radioactive copper was found in the forms of Cu 2+ and CuCl 4 2while the nickel was totally in the form of Ni 2+. In the condition of HCl 9 M, the radioactive copper was mostly in the form of CuCl 4 2while the nickel was found as both Ni 2+ and NiCl 4 2-. The best condition of separation was in HCl 8 M in which the radioactive copper was mostly in the form of CuCl 4 2while the nickel was mostly in the form of Ni 2+. The retained CuCl 4 2was then changed back into Cu 2+ cation form and eluted out the column by using HCl 0.05 M. The γ-spectrometric analysis showed a single strong peak at 511 keV which is in accord to γ-annihilation peak coming from positron decay of Cu-64, and a very weak peak at 1346 keV which is in accord to γ-ray of Cu-64.
Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Nuklir Indonesia, Jul 15, 2013
(II) dianggap sebagai larutan target nikel pasca iradiasi yang mengandung radiotembaga. Dalam per... more (II) dianggap sebagai larutan target nikel pasca iradiasi yang mengandung radiotembaga. Dalam percobaan ini iradiasi nikel tidak dilakukan, sedangkan radiotembaga dihasilkan dari aktivasi neutron pada target CuO. Pemisahan radiotembaga dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom penukar anion pada kondisi Cu sebagai komplek anion CuCl 4 2dan Ni dalam bentuk kation Ni 2+. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan larutan nikel suasana asam memberikan deposit electroplating nikel yang lebih memuaskan dibandingkan dengan larutan nikel suasana basa. Dalam kondisi HCl 6 M spesi tembaga terindikasi dalam bentuk Cu 2+ dan CuCl 4 2-, sedangkan nikel dalam bentuk Ni 2+. Dalam kondisi HCl 9 M, tembaga dalam bentuk CuCl 4 2-, sedangkan nikel dalam bentuk Ni 2+ dan NiCl 4 2-. Kondisi pemisahan terbaik adalah dalam HCl 8 M yang mengkondisikan tembaga berada dalam bentuk CuCl 4 2-, sedangkan nikel dalam bentuk Ni 2+. Selanjutnya CuCl 4 2yang tertahan di kolom diubah menjadi Cu 2+ dan dielusi dengan HCl 0,05 M. Pemeriksaan spektrometri-γ menunjukkan puncak kuat pada energi 511 keV yang sesuai dengan energi γ-anihilasi radioisotop 64 Cu dan puncak lemah pada 1346 keV sesuai dengan energi γ dari transisi energi internal 64 Cu Kata kunci: reaksi nuklir 64 Ni (p,n) 64 Cu, target nikel, radioisotop 64 Cu, kromatografi penukar anion.
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