The mean time spent viewing a work of art was found to be 27.2 seconds, with a median time of 17.... more The mean time spent viewing a work of art was found to be 27.2 seconds, with a median time of 17.0 seconds. Having worked in the visual arts field for many years we were all too aware of the fleeting acquaintances some viewers have with exhibited artworks. We tell ourselves that visual art is pluralistic and extremely diverse and therefore the broad appeal of artworks will vary considerably. We also accept that even a passing glance is perfectly acceptable, as many people have the capacity to speed-read visual information - particularly if they are art savvy. At the same time, some artworks ‘captivate’ the viewer for longer periods than others, and we were intrigued to speculate on whether there were any commonalities that could be identified. Here we ran into issues such as accessibility and challenge, where the former may attract more attention and the latter retain a smaller number of viewers for longer. Indeed challenge is common to much ‘contemporary art’ and essentially this i...
Methods: Inner city borough had fragmented diabetes care delivered by multiple providers and a po... more Methods: Inner city borough had fragmented diabetes care delivered by multiple providers and a population with poor diabetes control, leading to excess in early complications. In 2014, a project was started on developing a single integrated service focused around the needs of people with diabetes. Its aim was to improve outcomes of those with diabetes and increase value to the local healthcare economy. Working together with key stakeholders, outcomes important to people with diabetes were defined and redesigned services based on best practice pathways. A key element was a joint contract between the four main providers that incentivised and enabled delivery. An important component was specialist services actively supporting, engaging with general practice to manage patients more effectively, through annual visits, diabetes specialist nurse joint clinics, virtual patient reviews and staff education. Results: Population improvements (2014 to 2017): Reduced hypoglycaemia admissions by 55%, major amputation by 50% and diabetes-related deaths by 19% Improvement in patients' cholesterol control by 4% Positive patient reported outcomes: 76% found it easy to access care they needed when they needed it and 87% felt confident managing their diabetes A more proactive serviceoutreach service for patients noengaging with specialist services, joint working of Diabetes and Mental Health Services Conclusion: This unique service resulting from strategic organisation changes across different providers as well as tiers of care, from primary to acute services. This resulted in a service organised around the patient, better joint working, population-based improvements in both biochemical and value-based outcomes.
Alicia King is an Australian interdisciplinary artist. Her practice explores biological relations... more Alicia King is an Australian interdisciplinary artist. Her practice explores biological relationships between humans, animals and the wider environment, and alludes to that which generally lies outside of the everyday category of the ‘living’. In 2009 Alicia was awarded a PhD Transformations of the flesh; rupturing embodiment through biotechnology - an artistic exploration of relationships between biotech practices and the physical, ethical and ritual human and animal body. Her practice spans sculpture, video, biotech, installation and performance. In recent years she has developed biotech art projects at SymbioticA, as well as the University of Tasmania School of Medicine, and the Vrij University Amsterdam. Alicia has exhibited throughout Australia and beyond, most recently inVISCERAL, at Science Gallery, Dublin, and Tokyo Wonder Site, Japan. She is recipient of various state and national funding grants, and international Residencies including Asialink's Tokyo Wonder Site Residency; Australia Council Tokyo Studio; Cite Internationale des Arts, Paris; Vrij Glas Foundation, Amsterdam; and Foundation B.A.D, Rotterdam. Alicia's work is being published by the MoMA New York in their upcoming Publication Bio-Design; Nature + Science + Creativity.
Mtr4 is a conserved Ski2-like RNA helicase and a subunit of the TRAMP complex that activates exos... more Mtr4 is a conserved Ski2-like RNA helicase and a subunit of the TRAMP complex that activates exosome-mediated 3'-5' turnover in nuclear RNA surveillance and processing pathways. Prominent features of the Mtr4 structure include a four-domain ring-like helicase core and a large arch domain that spans the core. The 'ratchet helix' is positioned to interact with RNA substrates as they move through the helicase. However, the contribution of the ratchet helix in Mtr4 activity is poorly understood. Here we show that strict conservation along the ratchet helix is particularly extensive for Ski2-like RNA helicases compared to related helicases. Mutation of residues along the ratchet helix alters in vitro activity in Mtr4 and TRAMP and causes slow growth phenotypes in vivo. We also identify a residue on the ratchet helix that influences Mtr4 affinity for polyadenylated substrates. Previous work indicated that deletion of the arch domain has minimal effect on Mtr4 unwinding act...
The RNA exosome is one of the main 3' to 5' exoribonucleases in eukaryotic cells. Althoug... more The RNA exosome is one of the main 3' to 5' exoribonucleases in eukaryotic cells. Although it is responsible for degradation or processing of a wide variety of substrate RNAs, it is very specific and distinguishes between substrate and non-substrate RNAs as well as between substrates that need to be 3' processed and those that need to be completely degraded. This specificity does not appear to be determined by the exosome itself but rather by about a dozen other proteins. Four of these exosome cofactors have enzymatic activity, namely, the nuclear RNA-dependent ATPase Mtr4, its cytoplasmic paralog Ski2 and the nuclear non-canonical poly(A) polymerases, Trf4 and Trf5. Mtr4 and either Trf4 or Trf5 assemble into a TRAMP complex. However, how these enzymes assemble into a TRAMP complex and the functional consequences of TRAMP complex assembly remain unknown. Here, we identify an important interaction site between Mtr4 and Trf5, and show that disrupting the Mtr4/Trf interacti...
The cyclic phosphazene trimer P(3)N(3)(OCH(2)CF(3))(6)and the related cyclic tetramer P(4)N(4)(OC... more The cyclic phosphazene trimer P(3)N(3)(OCH(2)CF(3))(6)and the related cyclic tetramer P(4)N(4)(OCH(2)CF(3))(8) have been synthesized, isolated and their vapor-phase absorption spectra recorded at moderate resolution using an FTIR spectrometer. The interpretation of these spectra is achieved primarily by comparison with the results of high-precision density functional calculations, which enable the principal absorption features to be assigned and conclusions to be drawn regarding the geometries and conformations adopted by both molecules. These in turn allow interesting comparisons to be made with analogous cyclic halo-phosphazenes (such as P(3)N(3)Cl(6)) and other related ring compounds. The highly flexible nature of the two cyclic phosphazenes precludes a complete theoretical study of their potential energy hypersurfaces and a novel alternative approach involving the analysis of a carefully selected subset of the possible molecular conformations has been shown to produce satisfactory results. The two cyclic phosphazene oligomers have been proposed as the major low-to-medium temperature pyrolysis products of the parent polyphosphazene (PN(OCH(2)CF(3))(2))(n), and the identification of vibrational absorption features characteristic of each molecule will enable future studies to test the validity of this proposition.
Defining the ecological impacts conferred by invasive fishes provides a framework for evaluating ... more Defining the ecological impacts conferred by invasive fishes provides a framework for evaluating the feasibility of control efforts in invaded waterways, and for predicting the consequences of future incursions. Eastern gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki) is a remarkably successful invader of freshwater systems worldwide, with the capacity to detrimentally impact native fishes both directly (e.g. competition, predation, agonistic interactions) and indirectly (e.g. triggering trophic cascades). Here, we modelled the influence of eastern gambusia and several environmental covariates on fish species diversity, abundance and condition based on quantitative survey data collected from 93 wetlands in south-eastern Australia. We predicted that small-bodied, wetland specialist species sharing dietary- and habitat-niches with eastern gambusia would be most severely impacted, and that environmental stressors associated with wetland drying during late summer would magnify these impacts. Eastern gambu...
A previously undetected conformer of propan-1,2-diol has been detected and analyzed by Fourier tr... more A previously undetected conformer of propan-1,2-diol has been detected and analyzed by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. A simultaneous ab initio investigation predicted this conformation to be the global minimum on the potential energy surface and comparison of the transition intensities supported this view. Detection of the 13 C and 2 H isotopomers enabled a Kraitchman-type determination of the structure to be performed. The results matched well with the theoretical predictions.
The microwave Fourier transform spectrum of the chiral, secondary alcohol butan-2-ol has been rec... more The microwave Fourier transform spectrum of the chiral, secondary alcohol butan-2-ol has been recorded in the range 6-18 GHz. The spectrum is relatively dense, due to the large number of species formed in the supersonic expansion used. Three conformational isomers of the butan-2-ol molecule have been identified and their spectra assigned using a semirigid, asymmetric-rotor model. They correspond to the three configurations that the central CC bond can adopt. The basis of our assignment is a series of ab initio calculations, which have been performed using the GAUSSIAN 94 package, good agreement being observed between theoretical and experimental values of the rotational constants. First-order centrifugal distortion coefficients have also been extracted. It has proven possible, by examination of the relative strengths of a-, band nd c-type transitions, to infer some further information about the position of the hydroxyl hydrogen atom within each conformer.
The rotational spectrum of a weakly bound complex formed between the chiral secondary alcohol but... more The rotational spectrum of a weakly bound complex formed between the chiral secondary alcohol butan-2-ol and the rare gas argon has been observed using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. In the complex the butan-2-ol molecule adopts the “ga” or straight-chain conformation with the hydroxyl hydrogen opposite to the ethyl group. The argon is bonded to the hydroxyl hydrogen, and the H–Ar
Angle-resolved photoelectron spectra from rotationally selected A1Au state acetylene have been re... more Angle-resolved photoelectron spectra from rotationally selected A1Au state acetylene have been recorded using velocity-map imaging. Several Renner-Teller split vibrational bands have been observed and assigned, showing good agreement with previous zero kinetic energy photoelectron (ZEKE) work [S. T. Pratt, P. M. Dehmer, and J. L. Dehmer, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 6233 (1993); S.-J. Tang, Y.-C. Chou, J. J.-M. Lin, and Y.-C. Hsu, ibid. 125, 133201 (2006).] The extracted photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) corresponding to these bands show a strong dependence on the vibronic angular momentum projection quantum number K+. Subbands with odd K+ show PADs with maximum intensity along the polarization vector of the ionizing laser beam, while those with even K+ show PADs with maximum intensity perpendicular to this direction. Velocity-map images recorded at low photoelectron energies approach rotational resolution of the ion, and the evolution of the PADs with increasing rotational level prepared in the A1Au state indicates the potential of a "complete" determination of the photoionization dynamics of the A1Au state. This is further investigated in the following paper.
... can be observed which is time-dependent. This time dependence can be used to extract an IVR l... more ... can be observed which is time-dependent. This time dependence can be used to extract an IVR lifetime or rate 1313. Coveleskie, RA, Dolson, DA and Parmenter, CS. 1985. J. Phys. Chem. , 89: 655 [CrossRef], [Web of Science ...
The cyclic phosphazene trimer P_3N_3(OCH_2CF_3)_6 and the related cyclic tetramer P_4N_4(OCH_2CF_... more The cyclic phosphazene trimer P_3N_3(OCH_2CF_3)_6 and the related cyclic tetramer P_4N_4(OCH_2CF_3)_8 have been proposed as the major low-to-medium temperature pyrolysis products of the parent polyphosphazene (PN(OCH_2CF_3)_2)_n. Recently, both molecules have been synthesized, isolated and their vapour-phase vibrational spectra recorded using a high-resolution FTIR instrument. The interpretation of these spectra is achieved primarily by comparison with the results of high-quality density
The ®rst observation of a rotationally resolved spectrum for a dimeric complex of chiral molecule... more The ®rst observation of a rotationally resolved spectrum for a dimeric complex of chiral molecules is reported. The complex in question is a hydrogen-bonded dimer of butan-2-ol and is shown to be hetero-chiral in composition. The rotational constants and components of the dipole moment agree well with the predictions of an ab initio study, the initial results of which are also reported. The ability of chiral species to form diastereoisomeric hetero-and homo-chiral complexes is thus given strong support.
The mean time spent viewing a work of art was found to be 27.2 seconds, with a median time of 17.... more The mean time spent viewing a work of art was found to be 27.2 seconds, with a median time of 17.0 seconds. Having worked in the visual arts field for many years we were all too aware of the fleeting acquaintances some viewers have with exhibited artworks. We tell ourselves that visual art is pluralistic and extremely diverse and therefore the broad appeal of artworks will vary considerably. We also accept that even a passing glance is perfectly acceptable, as many people have the capacity to speed-read visual information - particularly if they are art savvy. At the same time, some artworks ‘captivate’ the viewer for longer periods than others, and we were intrigued to speculate on whether there were any commonalities that could be identified. Here we ran into issues such as accessibility and challenge, where the former may attract more attention and the latter retain a smaller number of viewers for longer. Indeed challenge is common to much ‘contemporary art’ and essentially this i...
Methods: Inner city borough had fragmented diabetes care delivered by multiple providers and a po... more Methods: Inner city borough had fragmented diabetes care delivered by multiple providers and a population with poor diabetes control, leading to excess in early complications. In 2014, a project was started on developing a single integrated service focused around the needs of people with diabetes. Its aim was to improve outcomes of those with diabetes and increase value to the local healthcare economy. Working together with key stakeholders, outcomes important to people with diabetes were defined and redesigned services based on best practice pathways. A key element was a joint contract between the four main providers that incentivised and enabled delivery. An important component was specialist services actively supporting, engaging with general practice to manage patients more effectively, through annual visits, diabetes specialist nurse joint clinics, virtual patient reviews and staff education. Results: Population improvements (2014 to 2017): Reduced hypoglycaemia admissions by 55%, major amputation by 50% and diabetes-related deaths by 19% Improvement in patients' cholesterol control by 4% Positive patient reported outcomes: 76% found it easy to access care they needed when they needed it and 87% felt confident managing their diabetes A more proactive serviceoutreach service for patients noengaging with specialist services, joint working of Diabetes and Mental Health Services Conclusion: This unique service resulting from strategic organisation changes across different providers as well as tiers of care, from primary to acute services. This resulted in a service organised around the patient, better joint working, population-based improvements in both biochemical and value-based outcomes.
Alicia King is an Australian interdisciplinary artist. Her practice explores biological relations... more Alicia King is an Australian interdisciplinary artist. Her practice explores biological relationships between humans, animals and the wider environment, and alludes to that which generally lies outside of the everyday category of the ‘living’. In 2009 Alicia was awarded a PhD Transformations of the flesh; rupturing embodiment through biotechnology - an artistic exploration of relationships between biotech practices and the physical, ethical and ritual human and animal body. Her practice spans sculpture, video, biotech, installation and performance. In recent years she has developed biotech art projects at SymbioticA, as well as the University of Tasmania School of Medicine, and the Vrij University Amsterdam. Alicia has exhibited throughout Australia and beyond, most recently inVISCERAL, at Science Gallery, Dublin, and Tokyo Wonder Site, Japan. She is recipient of various state and national funding grants, and international Residencies including Asialink's Tokyo Wonder Site Residency; Australia Council Tokyo Studio; Cite Internationale des Arts, Paris; Vrij Glas Foundation, Amsterdam; and Foundation B.A.D, Rotterdam. Alicia's work is being published by the MoMA New York in their upcoming Publication Bio-Design; Nature + Science + Creativity.
Mtr4 is a conserved Ski2-like RNA helicase and a subunit of the TRAMP complex that activates exos... more Mtr4 is a conserved Ski2-like RNA helicase and a subunit of the TRAMP complex that activates exosome-mediated 3'-5' turnover in nuclear RNA surveillance and processing pathways. Prominent features of the Mtr4 structure include a four-domain ring-like helicase core and a large arch domain that spans the core. The 'ratchet helix' is positioned to interact with RNA substrates as they move through the helicase. However, the contribution of the ratchet helix in Mtr4 activity is poorly understood. Here we show that strict conservation along the ratchet helix is particularly extensive for Ski2-like RNA helicases compared to related helicases. Mutation of residues along the ratchet helix alters in vitro activity in Mtr4 and TRAMP and causes slow growth phenotypes in vivo. We also identify a residue on the ratchet helix that influences Mtr4 affinity for polyadenylated substrates. Previous work indicated that deletion of the arch domain has minimal effect on Mtr4 unwinding act...
The RNA exosome is one of the main 3' to 5' exoribonucleases in eukaryotic cells. Althoug... more The RNA exosome is one of the main 3' to 5' exoribonucleases in eukaryotic cells. Although it is responsible for degradation or processing of a wide variety of substrate RNAs, it is very specific and distinguishes between substrate and non-substrate RNAs as well as between substrates that need to be 3' processed and those that need to be completely degraded. This specificity does not appear to be determined by the exosome itself but rather by about a dozen other proteins. Four of these exosome cofactors have enzymatic activity, namely, the nuclear RNA-dependent ATPase Mtr4, its cytoplasmic paralog Ski2 and the nuclear non-canonical poly(A) polymerases, Trf4 and Trf5. Mtr4 and either Trf4 or Trf5 assemble into a TRAMP complex. However, how these enzymes assemble into a TRAMP complex and the functional consequences of TRAMP complex assembly remain unknown. Here, we identify an important interaction site between Mtr4 and Trf5, and show that disrupting the Mtr4/Trf interacti...
The cyclic phosphazene trimer P(3)N(3)(OCH(2)CF(3))(6)and the related cyclic tetramer P(4)N(4)(OC... more The cyclic phosphazene trimer P(3)N(3)(OCH(2)CF(3))(6)and the related cyclic tetramer P(4)N(4)(OCH(2)CF(3))(8) have been synthesized, isolated and their vapor-phase absorption spectra recorded at moderate resolution using an FTIR spectrometer. The interpretation of these spectra is achieved primarily by comparison with the results of high-precision density functional calculations, which enable the principal absorption features to be assigned and conclusions to be drawn regarding the geometries and conformations adopted by both molecules. These in turn allow interesting comparisons to be made with analogous cyclic halo-phosphazenes (such as P(3)N(3)Cl(6)) and other related ring compounds. The highly flexible nature of the two cyclic phosphazenes precludes a complete theoretical study of their potential energy hypersurfaces and a novel alternative approach involving the analysis of a carefully selected subset of the possible molecular conformations has been shown to produce satisfactory results. The two cyclic phosphazene oligomers have been proposed as the major low-to-medium temperature pyrolysis products of the parent polyphosphazene (PN(OCH(2)CF(3))(2))(n), and the identification of vibrational absorption features characteristic of each molecule will enable future studies to test the validity of this proposition.
Defining the ecological impacts conferred by invasive fishes provides a framework for evaluating ... more Defining the ecological impacts conferred by invasive fishes provides a framework for evaluating the feasibility of control efforts in invaded waterways, and for predicting the consequences of future incursions. Eastern gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki) is a remarkably successful invader of freshwater systems worldwide, with the capacity to detrimentally impact native fishes both directly (e.g. competition, predation, agonistic interactions) and indirectly (e.g. triggering trophic cascades). Here, we modelled the influence of eastern gambusia and several environmental covariates on fish species diversity, abundance and condition based on quantitative survey data collected from 93 wetlands in south-eastern Australia. We predicted that small-bodied, wetland specialist species sharing dietary- and habitat-niches with eastern gambusia would be most severely impacted, and that environmental stressors associated with wetland drying during late summer would magnify these impacts. Eastern gambu...
A previously undetected conformer of propan-1,2-diol has been detected and analyzed by Fourier tr... more A previously undetected conformer of propan-1,2-diol has been detected and analyzed by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. A simultaneous ab initio investigation predicted this conformation to be the global minimum on the potential energy surface and comparison of the transition intensities supported this view. Detection of the 13 C and 2 H isotopomers enabled a Kraitchman-type determination of the structure to be performed. The results matched well with the theoretical predictions.
The microwave Fourier transform spectrum of the chiral, secondary alcohol butan-2-ol has been rec... more The microwave Fourier transform spectrum of the chiral, secondary alcohol butan-2-ol has been recorded in the range 6-18 GHz. The spectrum is relatively dense, due to the large number of species formed in the supersonic expansion used. Three conformational isomers of the butan-2-ol molecule have been identified and their spectra assigned using a semirigid, asymmetric-rotor model. They correspond to the three configurations that the central CC bond can adopt. The basis of our assignment is a series of ab initio calculations, which have been performed using the GAUSSIAN 94 package, good agreement being observed between theoretical and experimental values of the rotational constants. First-order centrifugal distortion coefficients have also been extracted. It has proven possible, by examination of the relative strengths of a-, band nd c-type transitions, to infer some further information about the position of the hydroxyl hydrogen atom within each conformer.
The rotational spectrum of a weakly bound complex formed between the chiral secondary alcohol but... more The rotational spectrum of a weakly bound complex formed between the chiral secondary alcohol butan-2-ol and the rare gas argon has been observed using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. In the complex the butan-2-ol molecule adopts the “ga” or straight-chain conformation with the hydroxyl hydrogen opposite to the ethyl group. The argon is bonded to the hydroxyl hydrogen, and the H–Ar
Angle-resolved photoelectron spectra from rotationally selected A1Au state acetylene have been re... more Angle-resolved photoelectron spectra from rotationally selected A1Au state acetylene have been recorded using velocity-map imaging. Several Renner-Teller split vibrational bands have been observed and assigned, showing good agreement with previous zero kinetic energy photoelectron (ZEKE) work [S. T. Pratt, P. M. Dehmer, and J. L. Dehmer, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 6233 (1993); S.-J. Tang, Y.-C. Chou, J. J.-M. Lin, and Y.-C. Hsu, ibid. 125, 133201 (2006).] The extracted photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) corresponding to these bands show a strong dependence on the vibronic angular momentum projection quantum number K+. Subbands with odd K+ show PADs with maximum intensity along the polarization vector of the ionizing laser beam, while those with even K+ show PADs with maximum intensity perpendicular to this direction. Velocity-map images recorded at low photoelectron energies approach rotational resolution of the ion, and the evolution of the PADs with increasing rotational level prepared in the A1Au state indicates the potential of a "complete" determination of the photoionization dynamics of the A1Au state. This is further investigated in the following paper.
... can be observed which is time-dependent. This time dependence can be used to extract an IVR l... more ... can be observed which is time-dependent. This time dependence can be used to extract an IVR lifetime or rate 1313. Coveleskie, RA, Dolson, DA and Parmenter, CS. 1985. J. Phys. Chem. , 89: 655 [CrossRef], [Web of Science ...
The cyclic phosphazene trimer P_3N_3(OCH_2CF_3)_6 and the related cyclic tetramer P_4N_4(OCH_2CF_... more The cyclic phosphazene trimer P_3N_3(OCH_2CF_3)_6 and the related cyclic tetramer P_4N_4(OCH_2CF_3)_8 have been proposed as the major low-to-medium temperature pyrolysis products of the parent polyphosphazene (PN(OCH_2CF_3)_2)_n. Recently, both molecules have been synthesized, isolated and their vapour-phase vibrational spectra recorded using a high-resolution FTIR instrument. The interpretation of these spectra is achieved primarily by comparison with the results of high-quality density
The ®rst observation of a rotationally resolved spectrum for a dimeric complex of chiral molecule... more The ®rst observation of a rotationally resolved spectrum for a dimeric complex of chiral molecules is reported. The complex in question is a hydrogen-bonded dimer of butan-2-ol and is shown to be hetero-chiral in composition. The rotational constants and components of the dipole moment agree well with the predictions of an ab initio study, the initial results of which are also reported. The ability of chiral species to form diastereoisomeric hetero-and homo-chiral complexes is thus given strong support.
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