International Journal of Power System Operation and Energy Management, 2013
The concept of shaping domestic and commercial loads can be an effective way of controlling the l... more The concept of shaping domestic and commercial loads can be an effective way of controlling the load profile of a distribution company. Flat energy rates don’t provide incentives to customers to use power as would be optimal from a utility point of view. Price of energy should be fluctuating according to peak or off peak load condition. Smart meters can offer solution to this by allowing sophisticated measurement of consumption and using real time pricing (RTP) signals sent by utility. The consumer can minimize their expenses on energy by adjusting their intelligent appliances operation. Home Energy Controllers (HEC) control appliances at domestic and commercial consumer’s premises to save energy, reduce cost, increase reliability, efficiency and transparency. In this paper different automated meter reading (AMR) technologies and architecture of smart meter are discussed. Appliance scheduling approach is realized here with help of MATLAB simulation to keep the peak power demand for ...
2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 2019
Static security assessment is very essential for secure and reliable operation of power system. L... more Static security assessment is very essential for secure and reliable operation of power system. Lengthy calculation time and large memory requirement are the main drawbacks of the conventional power flow methods. The composite security index has been implemented to prevent the problem of masking associated with the performance index earlier used for static security assessment. Binary classifier for static security assessment of the power system has been developed using support vector machine. The parameters of Radial Basis Function are selected using Teaching Learning based Optimization method. Sequential forward selection method has been used to select features. The results of the proposed Teaching learning based optimization enhanced binary classifier are validated using two IEEE standard test systems.
2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 2019
Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is a custom power device that provides a complete power ... more Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is a custom power device that provides a complete power quality solution. The only drawback of UPQC is that it cannot maintain the voltage in case of grid interruption. Different UPQC topologies are reported. This paper presents a detailed comparison of design and operational aspects of two UPQC topologies, namely (i) UPQC− Multiconverter, and (ii) UPQC−Distributed Generation. Both of these topologies address the inability of UPQC to maintain continuous power supply even under grid failure, while meeting the IEEE standard 519. An attempt is made to compare the performance of both these topologies with respect to harmonic current and reactive power compensation, sag/swell mitigation, number of switches, switch ratings, etc. Further, in case of UPQC−Distributed Generation a sub classification based on energy sources and energy storage elements is also presented. The operation of the two topologies under different operating scenarios is also compared.
Green and renewable energy is getting extraordinary consideration today, because of ecological co... more Green and renewable energy is getting extraordinary consideration today, because of ecological concerns made by blazing of fossil powers. Photovoltaic and wind power generation are the basic decisions for delivering power in this respects. Producing power by the sun based photovoltaic systems is known to the world, yet control makers may get confounded to pick between on-grid and off-grid systems. In this exploration work, an endeavor is made to compare the off-grid (stand-alone) and on-grid (grid-connected) frameworks. The work presents relative examination, between two distinctive PV frameworks situated at V.V.P. Engineering College, Rajkot. The first framework is 100 kW remain solitary and the second is 60 kW network joined. The real-time parameters compared are; output voltage, load current, power in-flow, power output, performance ratio, yield factor, and capacity factor. The voltage changes and the power variances in both frameworks are given exceptional consideration and the ...
Residential and commercial sector share up to 40% demand of power grid. For optimal power schedul... more Residential and commercial sector share up to 40% demand of power grid. For optimal power scheduling of appliances in this sector, power grid must be intelligent enough so that using Information and Communication Technology (ICT), peak demand and Peak to Average Ratio (PAR) can be decreased. Such upgraded grid is called as Smart Grid. In Smart Grid consumers can get benefit by applying different types of demand response (DR) programmes. Using Real Time Pricing (RTP) Tariff, consumers can reduce cost of daily consumption and PAR of the grid.. For this purpose, devices like Home Energy Controllers (HEC) should be used. If the domestic appliances are smartly scheduled, the line losses of the grid can also be reduced. Keywords— Information and Communication Technology, Peak to Average Ratio, Smart Grid, Real Time Pricing Tariff, Home Energy Controller
2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 2019
The development of the smart grid has obtained enormous attention over the last years. Due to pow... more The development of the smart grid has obtained enormous attention over the last years. Due to power system shifting to smart grid from conventional grid has created many research challenges which has attracted global researchers to work on these future issues. Pollution level is mounting gradually, which has alerted the world to produce clean energy for the betterment of the environment. Smart grid encourages clean energy, control the pattern of load consumption and introduces the safety to the grid. However, there is no clear agreement, globally, on what a power grid must include to transform into the smart grid. This paper presents the issues which hinders the progress of the smart grid, gives upcoming research direction and propound the practicable solution to the challenges consequently noticing the objective and what are the expected need of the smart grid.
2019 8th International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS), 2019
Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) installed in transmission lines to increase power ... more Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) installed in transmission lines to increase power transfer capacity of the existing line presents challenges to distance protection relaying scheme. This paper addresses the issue of reverse over-reaching of distance relays in TCSC sectionalized transmission lines. Based on the observations, a new faulty section identification scheme has been proposed using superimposed currents to avoid reverse over-reaching of distance relays in TCSC sectionalized transmission lines. This can be achieved by extracting necessary features from the current signals and thereafter giving them to Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) classifiers. The feasibility of the proposed method has been tested on a 400 kV, 300 km long, TCSC sectionalized transmission line modelled using PSCAD/EMTDC. Upon testing 10,800 fault cases with diversified fault scenario, the performance of the proposed method has been found promising with an overall accuracy of 99.89%.
2017 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE), 2017
Contingency screening and ranking method has gained importance in modern power system and plays a... more Contingency screening and ranking method has gained importance in modern power system and plays a crucial role in its secure operation. This paper proposes Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) to realize static security assessment of power system using regression module. Newton-Raphson Load Flow (NRLF) is used for load flow analysis and single line outages are considered for pattern generation. Composite Security Index (CSI) is calculated to assess the severity of the system, which considers the combined effect of the limit violations of bus voltages as well as power flow of the transmission lines. After training, module predicts the Composite Security Index and ranks those in descending order based on Composite Security Index. Less number of variables are selected from total variables by Single Ranking and Correlation Coefficient method. The proposed module is applied to IEEE 14, IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 57-bus standard test system, where the testing results prove its performance and robustness for static security assessment of power system. The comparison of ranking obtained by Radial Basis Function Network and the Newton-Raphson Load Flow analysis in terms of time and accuracy is presented. It is found that the proposed model is quick and accurate to predict static security assessment of power system.
International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, 2021
This paper presents a new fault classification technique for Thyristor-Controlled Series-Compensa... more This paper presents a new fault classification technique for Thyristor-Controlled Series-Compensated (TCSC) transmission lines using Support Vector Machine (SVM). The proposed technique is based on the utilization of post-fault magnitude of Rate-of-Change-of-Current (ROCC). Fault classification has been carried out by giving ROCC of three-phases and zero sequence current as inputs to SVM classifier. The performance of SVM as a binary-class, and multi-class classifier has been evaluated for the proposed feature. The validity of the suggested technique has been tested by modeling a TCSC based 400 kV, 300 km long transmission line using PSCAD/EMTDC software package. Based on the above model, a large number of diversified fault cases (41,220 cases) have been generated by varying fault and system parameters. The effect of window length, current transformer (CT) saturation, noise-signal, and sampling frequency have also been studied. It has been found that the proposed technique provides ...
International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, 2020
This paper presents a phasor-distance based faulty phase detection and fault classification techn... more This paper presents a phasor-distance based faulty phase detection and fault classification technique for parallel transmission lines. Detection and classification of faulty phase(s) have been carried out by deriving indices from the change in phasor values of current with a distance of one cycle. The derived indices have zero values during normal operating conditions whereas the index corresponding to the faulty phase exceeds the pre-defined threshold in case of occurrence of a fault. A separate ground detection algorithm has been utilized for the identification of involvement of ground in a faulty situation. The performance of the proposed technique has been evaluated for intra-circuit, inter-circuit and simultaneous faults with wide variations in system and fault conditions. The suggested technique has been evaluated for over 23,000 diversified simulated fault cases as well as 14 recorded real fault events. The performance of the proposed technique remains consistent under Curren...
The present work demonstrates the simulation for PV module with the maximum power point tracking ... more The present work demonstrates the simulation for PV module with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system in standalone mode. The operation of the proposed system is tested with DC loads. The perturb and observed (P&O) algorithm is demonstrated in this system. The DC load is connected with the system and performance has checked under various atmospheric conditions to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm under various atmospheric conditions. The system used in simulation comprises of the single module of solar PV (240W). The concept is demonstrated using simulations done in PSIM ® 9.3.4 software.
Dielectric Frequency Response (DFR), well-known as Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS), is now a ... more Dielectric Frequency Response (DFR), well-known as Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS), is now a days becoming more popular as effective tool for diagnosis of power transformer insulation and estimation of moisture content. Dielectric Frequency Response is a non-destructive test. Dielectric Frequency Response of the composite insulation system of power transformers depends on different parameters i.e. properties of insulating oil, paper, hardboard and Transformer design. Power Transformer is a key element of power system network. The power transformers are installed outdoors and exposed to varying atmospheric conditions. Probability of moisture ingress in power transformers is high in the events of breathing defect, oil leakages, exposure of transformer active parts during internal inspection or repair/replacement work at site. The presence of moisture in insulation system accelerates the ageing effect and deteriorate it thereby reducing service life of power transformer significantly and may prove quite detrimental. If timely care is not taken, then failure of power transformers may also take place. The various tests, e.g. Insulation Resistance test, Polarization Index test, Tan Delta test, Oil Breakdown Voltage, Water content in oil, Relative saturation measurement test etc. can reflect the moisture ingress in insulation system of power transformer but none among these tests provides adequate information about total moisture content in power transformer insulation. Dielectric Frequency Response diagnostic test gives effective estimation of moisture content in liquid and solid insulation - oil, press board, paper etc. It also provides information about oil conductivity. In Dielectric Frequency Response test frequency range is generally 0.002Hz – 1000Hz, specifically the lower frequency and higher frequency range results reveal more information about moisture content. This paper presents various field experiences of DFR testing showing how DFR measurement results/outcomes of field testing found encouraging means for effective estimation of moisture content in transformer insulation.
In the present day due to the increase of load demands day by day, Power system becomes complex, ... more In the present day due to the increase of load demands day by day, Power system becomes complex, and it is operating near its bus voltage regulation limits and thermal capacity limits of the lines. So, it is vital to maintaining power system security for every possible operating condition including contingencies. The traditional method of static security assessment using load flow requires long computation time and complex calculations. This paper presents a Support Vector Machine based Binary-classifier for static security assessment of the power system. The proposed classifier classifies power system operating condition into secure and insecure, based on the computation of the Composite Security Index (CSI). Thermal limit of the transmission lines is chosen on the base of load ability limit of the short, medium and long transmission line. Single ranking and Correlation Coefficient Method is used for feature selection. The proposed approach is implemented, and classification accuracy is verified on IEEE 14 and 30 bus systems.
For optimal location and sizing of Distributed Generations (DG) and Capacitors in radial distribu... more For optimal location and sizing of Distributed Generations (DG) and Capacitors in radial distribution network (RDN), constant power load model has been used in majority of cases. In real neatwork, there are the loads which change their real and reactive power drawl based on the voltage available at their terminal. Also, considering only one fixed loading conditions for ascertaining the locations of DGs and capacitors are not suffice. In this paper, the impact of different load models and varying loading conditions are comprehensively analysed to assess the impact of DGs and capacitor placement in RDN in order to observe the full benefits of improved voltage profile and reduction in losses. Golden Selection Search Method has been used for the determination of location and sizing, keeping the constraints on bus voltage magnitudes.
International Journal of Power System Operation and Energy Management, 2013
The concept of shaping domestic and commercial loads can be an effective way of controlling the l... more The concept of shaping domestic and commercial loads can be an effective way of controlling the load profile of a distribution company. Flat energy rates don’t provide incentives to customers to use power as would be optimal from a utility point of view. Price of energy should be fluctuating according to peak or off peak load condition. Smart meters can offer solution to this by allowing sophisticated measurement of consumption and using real time pricing (RTP) signals sent by utility. The consumer can minimize their expenses on energy by adjusting their intelligent appliances operation. Home Energy Controllers (HEC) control appliances at domestic and commercial consumer’s premises to save energy, reduce cost, increase reliability, efficiency and transparency. In this paper different automated meter reading (AMR) technologies and architecture of smart meter are discussed. Appliance scheduling approach is realized here with help of MATLAB simulation to keep the peak power demand for ...
2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 2019
Static security assessment is very essential for secure and reliable operation of power system. L... more Static security assessment is very essential for secure and reliable operation of power system. Lengthy calculation time and large memory requirement are the main drawbacks of the conventional power flow methods. The composite security index has been implemented to prevent the problem of masking associated with the performance index earlier used for static security assessment. Binary classifier for static security assessment of the power system has been developed using support vector machine. The parameters of Radial Basis Function are selected using Teaching Learning based Optimization method. Sequential forward selection method has been used to select features. The results of the proposed Teaching learning based optimization enhanced binary classifier are validated using two IEEE standard test systems.
2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 2019
Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is a custom power device that provides a complete power ... more Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is a custom power device that provides a complete power quality solution. The only drawback of UPQC is that it cannot maintain the voltage in case of grid interruption. Different UPQC topologies are reported. This paper presents a detailed comparison of design and operational aspects of two UPQC topologies, namely (i) UPQC− Multiconverter, and (ii) UPQC−Distributed Generation. Both of these topologies address the inability of UPQC to maintain continuous power supply even under grid failure, while meeting the IEEE standard 519. An attempt is made to compare the performance of both these topologies with respect to harmonic current and reactive power compensation, sag/swell mitigation, number of switches, switch ratings, etc. Further, in case of UPQC−Distributed Generation a sub classification based on energy sources and energy storage elements is also presented. The operation of the two topologies under different operating scenarios is also compared.
Green and renewable energy is getting extraordinary consideration today, because of ecological co... more Green and renewable energy is getting extraordinary consideration today, because of ecological concerns made by blazing of fossil powers. Photovoltaic and wind power generation are the basic decisions for delivering power in this respects. Producing power by the sun based photovoltaic systems is known to the world, yet control makers may get confounded to pick between on-grid and off-grid systems. In this exploration work, an endeavor is made to compare the off-grid (stand-alone) and on-grid (grid-connected) frameworks. The work presents relative examination, between two distinctive PV frameworks situated at V.V.P. Engineering College, Rajkot. The first framework is 100 kW remain solitary and the second is 60 kW network joined. The real-time parameters compared are; output voltage, load current, power in-flow, power output, performance ratio, yield factor, and capacity factor. The voltage changes and the power variances in both frameworks are given exceptional consideration and the ...
Residential and commercial sector share up to 40% demand of power grid. For optimal power schedul... more Residential and commercial sector share up to 40% demand of power grid. For optimal power scheduling of appliances in this sector, power grid must be intelligent enough so that using Information and Communication Technology (ICT), peak demand and Peak to Average Ratio (PAR) can be decreased. Such upgraded grid is called as Smart Grid. In Smart Grid consumers can get benefit by applying different types of demand response (DR) programmes. Using Real Time Pricing (RTP) Tariff, consumers can reduce cost of daily consumption and PAR of the grid.. For this purpose, devices like Home Energy Controllers (HEC) should be used. If the domestic appliances are smartly scheduled, the line losses of the grid can also be reduced. Keywords— Information and Communication Technology, Peak to Average Ratio, Smart Grid, Real Time Pricing Tariff, Home Energy Controller
2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 2019
The development of the smart grid has obtained enormous attention over the last years. Due to pow... more The development of the smart grid has obtained enormous attention over the last years. Due to power system shifting to smart grid from conventional grid has created many research challenges which has attracted global researchers to work on these future issues. Pollution level is mounting gradually, which has alerted the world to produce clean energy for the betterment of the environment. Smart grid encourages clean energy, control the pattern of load consumption and introduces the safety to the grid. However, there is no clear agreement, globally, on what a power grid must include to transform into the smart grid. This paper presents the issues which hinders the progress of the smart grid, gives upcoming research direction and propound the practicable solution to the challenges consequently noticing the objective and what are the expected need of the smart grid.
2019 8th International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS), 2019
Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) installed in transmission lines to increase power ... more Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) installed in transmission lines to increase power transfer capacity of the existing line presents challenges to distance protection relaying scheme. This paper addresses the issue of reverse over-reaching of distance relays in TCSC sectionalized transmission lines. Based on the observations, a new faulty section identification scheme has been proposed using superimposed currents to avoid reverse over-reaching of distance relays in TCSC sectionalized transmission lines. This can be achieved by extracting necessary features from the current signals and thereafter giving them to Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) classifiers. The feasibility of the proposed method has been tested on a 400 kV, 300 km long, TCSC sectionalized transmission line modelled using PSCAD/EMTDC. Upon testing 10,800 fault cases with diversified fault scenario, the performance of the proposed method has been found promising with an overall accuracy of 99.89%.
2017 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE), 2017
Contingency screening and ranking method has gained importance in modern power system and plays a... more Contingency screening and ranking method has gained importance in modern power system and plays a crucial role in its secure operation. This paper proposes Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) to realize static security assessment of power system using regression module. Newton-Raphson Load Flow (NRLF) is used for load flow analysis and single line outages are considered for pattern generation. Composite Security Index (CSI) is calculated to assess the severity of the system, which considers the combined effect of the limit violations of bus voltages as well as power flow of the transmission lines. After training, module predicts the Composite Security Index and ranks those in descending order based on Composite Security Index. Less number of variables are selected from total variables by Single Ranking and Correlation Coefficient method. The proposed module is applied to IEEE 14, IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 57-bus standard test system, where the testing results prove its performance and robustness for static security assessment of power system. The comparison of ranking obtained by Radial Basis Function Network and the Newton-Raphson Load Flow analysis in terms of time and accuracy is presented. It is found that the proposed model is quick and accurate to predict static security assessment of power system.
International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, 2021
This paper presents a new fault classification technique for Thyristor-Controlled Series-Compensa... more This paper presents a new fault classification technique for Thyristor-Controlled Series-Compensated (TCSC) transmission lines using Support Vector Machine (SVM). The proposed technique is based on the utilization of post-fault magnitude of Rate-of-Change-of-Current (ROCC). Fault classification has been carried out by giving ROCC of three-phases and zero sequence current as inputs to SVM classifier. The performance of SVM as a binary-class, and multi-class classifier has been evaluated for the proposed feature. The validity of the suggested technique has been tested by modeling a TCSC based 400 kV, 300 km long transmission line using PSCAD/EMTDC software package. Based on the above model, a large number of diversified fault cases (41,220 cases) have been generated by varying fault and system parameters. The effect of window length, current transformer (CT) saturation, noise-signal, and sampling frequency have also been studied. It has been found that the proposed technique provides ...
International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, 2020
This paper presents a phasor-distance based faulty phase detection and fault classification techn... more This paper presents a phasor-distance based faulty phase detection and fault classification technique for parallel transmission lines. Detection and classification of faulty phase(s) have been carried out by deriving indices from the change in phasor values of current with a distance of one cycle. The derived indices have zero values during normal operating conditions whereas the index corresponding to the faulty phase exceeds the pre-defined threshold in case of occurrence of a fault. A separate ground detection algorithm has been utilized for the identification of involvement of ground in a faulty situation. The performance of the proposed technique has been evaluated for intra-circuit, inter-circuit and simultaneous faults with wide variations in system and fault conditions. The suggested technique has been evaluated for over 23,000 diversified simulated fault cases as well as 14 recorded real fault events. The performance of the proposed technique remains consistent under Curren...
The present work demonstrates the simulation for PV module with the maximum power point tracking ... more The present work demonstrates the simulation for PV module with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system in standalone mode. The operation of the proposed system is tested with DC loads. The perturb and observed (P&O) algorithm is demonstrated in this system. The DC load is connected with the system and performance has checked under various atmospheric conditions to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm under various atmospheric conditions. The system used in simulation comprises of the single module of solar PV (240W). The concept is demonstrated using simulations done in PSIM ® 9.3.4 software.
Dielectric Frequency Response (DFR), well-known as Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS), is now a ... more Dielectric Frequency Response (DFR), well-known as Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS), is now a days becoming more popular as effective tool for diagnosis of power transformer insulation and estimation of moisture content. Dielectric Frequency Response is a non-destructive test. Dielectric Frequency Response of the composite insulation system of power transformers depends on different parameters i.e. properties of insulating oil, paper, hardboard and Transformer design. Power Transformer is a key element of power system network. The power transformers are installed outdoors and exposed to varying atmospheric conditions. Probability of moisture ingress in power transformers is high in the events of breathing defect, oil leakages, exposure of transformer active parts during internal inspection or repair/replacement work at site. The presence of moisture in insulation system accelerates the ageing effect and deteriorate it thereby reducing service life of power transformer significantly and may prove quite detrimental. If timely care is not taken, then failure of power transformers may also take place. The various tests, e.g. Insulation Resistance test, Polarization Index test, Tan Delta test, Oil Breakdown Voltage, Water content in oil, Relative saturation measurement test etc. can reflect the moisture ingress in insulation system of power transformer but none among these tests provides adequate information about total moisture content in power transformer insulation. Dielectric Frequency Response diagnostic test gives effective estimation of moisture content in liquid and solid insulation - oil, press board, paper etc. It also provides information about oil conductivity. In Dielectric Frequency Response test frequency range is generally 0.002Hz – 1000Hz, specifically the lower frequency and higher frequency range results reveal more information about moisture content. This paper presents various field experiences of DFR testing showing how DFR measurement results/outcomes of field testing found encouraging means for effective estimation of moisture content in transformer insulation.
In the present day due to the increase of load demands day by day, Power system becomes complex, ... more In the present day due to the increase of load demands day by day, Power system becomes complex, and it is operating near its bus voltage regulation limits and thermal capacity limits of the lines. So, it is vital to maintaining power system security for every possible operating condition including contingencies. The traditional method of static security assessment using load flow requires long computation time and complex calculations. This paper presents a Support Vector Machine based Binary-classifier for static security assessment of the power system. The proposed classifier classifies power system operating condition into secure and insecure, based on the computation of the Composite Security Index (CSI). Thermal limit of the transmission lines is chosen on the base of load ability limit of the short, medium and long transmission line. Single ranking and Correlation Coefficient Method is used for feature selection. The proposed approach is implemented, and classification accuracy is verified on IEEE 14 and 30 bus systems.
For optimal location and sizing of Distributed Generations (DG) and Capacitors in radial distribu... more For optimal location and sizing of Distributed Generations (DG) and Capacitors in radial distribution network (RDN), constant power load model has been used in majority of cases. In real neatwork, there are the loads which change their real and reactive power drawl based on the voltage available at their terminal. Also, considering only one fixed loading conditions for ascertaining the locations of DGs and capacitors are not suffice. In this paper, the impact of different load models and varying loading conditions are comprehensively analysed to assess the impact of DGs and capacitor placement in RDN in order to observe the full benefits of improved voltage profile and reduction in losses. Golden Selection Search Method has been used for the determination of location and sizing, keeping the constraints on bus voltage magnitudes.
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