The purpose of the survey was to produce background data and ideas from certain European countrie... more The purpose of the survey was to produce background data and ideas from certain European countries for the development of city regional planning. The countries selected for this were Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Holland and England. The survey contributes to laying the foundation for the development of a spatial planning system under the Land Use and Building Act and brings new ideas to other strategic planning concerning city regions as well. The survey covered the formal and informal structures of planning, the actors involved and the tools used in the planning. According to the survey, various kinds of solutions should be tested in city regions, with due caution but still boldly. The relationships between the state and local governments, including the forms of guiding the planning system, should be simplified. City regions should be allowed some latitude to deal with questions arising from their own special characteristics and to include certain well-justified practices of their own ...
I see the city-region as a space of strategic collaboration. I inquire the conceptual nature of t... more I see the city-region as a space of strategic collaboration. I inquire the conceptual nature of the "city-region", as well as the framings and models of collaborative action in those city-regions. My work emphasizes the "emerging" local character of self-governance, state guidance and local development spheres: a strategic city-region is a dynamic partnership forum that, on the one hand, has institutional sustainability, but which, on the one hand, only exists contextually for addressing problems and development issues. The works and practices of the strategic city-region are "loose" and prone to change. The ability of strategic co-operation to create and promote coordination in turbulent and antagonistic environments is a key success factor in imagining the city-region and realising its potentials for creating transformative action for better futures. Contextually, my work focuses on the theoretical discussion of and institutional approach to strategic...
This research is based upon a three level model of a network city. It forms a structural framewor... more This research is based upon a three level model of a network city. It forms a structural framework for, firstly, scrutinizing the networks of urban form through morphological analysis; secondly, weighting different retail concepts and their possibilities to increase diversity; and thirdly, analyzing the mobility choices of various groups with the help of survey and locational data. The analysis brings forward the systemic dynamism of a network city and the systemic interdependence of urban networks, retail locations and consumer mobility choices. At the same time, the importance of functional diversity in the urban system is emphasized as the guarantee for sustainability and vitality of the system. The imperfect understanding of the systemic dynamism and diversity of the urban development in the urban planning and managing of the retail location is the main cause behind the increasing car dependence of the urban form and inequality between areas. The concept of a neighbourhood shopping mall was created as a centre in a static hierarchical urban model, and thus the possibilities for a neighbourhood mall to adapt to changing functional and spatial needs were neglected, especially from the point of view of shopping centre real estate management. On the other hand the public planning of retail locations relies in norms and a hierarchical planning system, which makes it hard to react to changing dynamics. There is no proper channel of discussion between planners and commercial actors. We propose in this report a new model of cooperation for retail location planning, that is based upon local trading zones, between urban planners, commercial actors and consumers /users. Two tools are also introduced as boundary objects in these trading zones: the dynamic simulation model of urban development for urban planners, and the evaluation tool of sustainable usability of a shopping centre for shopping centre managers.Tutkimus pohjaa kolmitasoisen verkostokaupungin malliin. Se toimii jäsentävänä kehyksenä, kun ensinnäkin tarkastellaan kaupunkirakenteen verkostoja morfologisen analyysin valossa, toiseksi kaupungin konsepteja ja niiden erilaistumisen edellytyksiä ja kolmanneksi eri kuluttajaryhmien liikkumisvalintoja kysely- ja paikkatiedon valossa. Tarkastelu tuo esiin verkostokaupungin systeemisen dynaamisuuden ja kaupungin verkostojen, kaupan sijaintien ja kuluttajien liikkumisvalintojen systeemiset keskinäisriippuvuudet. Samalla korostuu tämän kaupunkisysteemin toimintojen diversiteetin merkitys systeemin kestävyyden ja elinvoimaisuuden takaajana. Kaupunkikehityksen systeemisen dynamiikan ja diversiteetin puutteellinen ymmärrys suunnittelussa ja kauppapaikkojen johtamisessa on pitkälti kaupunkirakenteen autoriippuvuuskehityksen ja alueiden eriarvoistumisen syynä. Ostoskeskuskonsepti synnytettiin staattisen hajakeskitetyn kaupunkimallin keskukseksi., jolloin laiminlyötiin ostoskeskuksen edellytykset mukautua myöhempiin toiminnallis-tilallisiin muutostarpeisiin erityisesti ostoskeskusjohtamisen ja kiinteistönhallinnan näkökulmista. Kaupan sijainninohjaus ei puolestaan ole normiohjaukseen ja hierarkkiseen kaavajärjestelmän nojautuessaan mahdollistanut hyvää reagoituvuutta kaupan muutosdynamiikkaan, eikä kunnollista keskusteluyhteyttä kaavoittajien ja kaupan toimijoiden välille ole päässyt muodostumaan. Raportissa ehdotetaan kaupan sijainnin ohjaukseen uutta verkostohallinnan yhteistyömallia, joka perustuu paikallisille vaihdon vyöhykkeille kaupunkisuunnittelijoiden, kaupan toimijoiden ja kuluttajien/käyttäjien välille. Lisäksi esitellään kaksi työkalua eri toimijoiden koordinoinnin rajaesineiksi tällaisilla vaihdon vyöhykkeillä: kaupunkikehityksen dynaaminen simulaatiomalli kaupunkisuunnittelun työkaluksi ja kauppakeskusten kestävän käytettävyyden arviointimenettely kauppakeskusjohtamisen työkaluksi
The city of Lahti, Finland, has developed a unique policy of combining city strategy work with st... more The city of Lahti, Finland, has developed a unique policy of combining city strategy work with strategic master planning in an iterative process. It thereby offers insights to research on strategic spatial planning, exemplifying how institutional frameworks of statutory planning can be utilized as resources in strategic planning. Three lessons from the Lahti case are drawn: (1) utilize the moments of opportunity in the institutional environment of statutory planning, (2) shift the focus from the level of 'strategic plans' to the policy level of strategy work, (3) develop strategic planning as a platform for diverse 'languages'.
The purpose of the survey was to produce background data and ideas from certain European countrie... more The purpose of the survey was to produce background data and ideas from certain European countries for the development of city regional planning. The countries selected for this were Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Holland and England. The survey contributes to laying the foundation for the development of a spatial planning system under the Land Use and Building Act and brings new ideas to other strategic planning concerning city regions as well. The survey covered the formal and informal structures of planning, the actors involved and the tools used in the planning. According to the survey, various kinds of solutions should be tested in city regions, with due caution but still boldly. The relationships between the state and local governments, including the forms of guiding the planning system, should be simplified. City regions should be allowed some latitude to deal with questions arising from their own special characteristics and to include certain well-justified practices of their own ...
I see the city-region as a space of strategic collaboration. I inquire the conceptual nature of t... more I see the city-region as a space of strategic collaboration. I inquire the conceptual nature of the "city-region", as well as the framings and models of collaborative action in those city-regions. My work emphasizes the "emerging" local character of self-governance, state guidance and local development spheres: a strategic city-region is a dynamic partnership forum that, on the one hand, has institutional sustainability, but which, on the one hand, only exists contextually for addressing problems and development issues. The works and practices of the strategic city-region are "loose" and prone to change. The ability of strategic co-operation to create and promote coordination in turbulent and antagonistic environments is a key success factor in imagining the city-region and realising its potentials for creating transformative action for better futures. Contextually, my work focuses on the theoretical discussion of and institutional approach to strategic...
This research is based upon a three level model of a network city. It forms a structural framewor... more This research is based upon a three level model of a network city. It forms a structural framework for, firstly, scrutinizing the networks of urban form through morphological analysis; secondly, weighting different retail concepts and their possibilities to increase diversity; and thirdly, analyzing the mobility choices of various groups with the help of survey and locational data. The analysis brings forward the systemic dynamism of a network city and the systemic interdependence of urban networks, retail locations and consumer mobility choices. At the same time, the importance of functional diversity in the urban system is emphasized as the guarantee for sustainability and vitality of the system. The imperfect understanding of the systemic dynamism and diversity of the urban development in the urban planning and managing of the retail location is the main cause behind the increasing car dependence of the urban form and inequality between areas. The concept of a neighbourhood shopping mall was created as a centre in a static hierarchical urban model, and thus the possibilities for a neighbourhood mall to adapt to changing functional and spatial needs were neglected, especially from the point of view of shopping centre real estate management. On the other hand the public planning of retail locations relies in norms and a hierarchical planning system, which makes it hard to react to changing dynamics. There is no proper channel of discussion between planners and commercial actors. We propose in this report a new model of cooperation for retail location planning, that is based upon local trading zones, between urban planners, commercial actors and consumers /users. Two tools are also introduced as boundary objects in these trading zones: the dynamic simulation model of urban development for urban planners, and the evaluation tool of sustainable usability of a shopping centre for shopping centre managers.Tutkimus pohjaa kolmitasoisen verkostokaupungin malliin. Se toimii jäsentävänä kehyksenä, kun ensinnäkin tarkastellaan kaupunkirakenteen verkostoja morfologisen analyysin valossa, toiseksi kaupungin konsepteja ja niiden erilaistumisen edellytyksiä ja kolmanneksi eri kuluttajaryhmien liikkumisvalintoja kysely- ja paikkatiedon valossa. Tarkastelu tuo esiin verkostokaupungin systeemisen dynaamisuuden ja kaupungin verkostojen, kaupan sijaintien ja kuluttajien liikkumisvalintojen systeemiset keskinäisriippuvuudet. Samalla korostuu tämän kaupunkisysteemin toimintojen diversiteetin merkitys systeemin kestävyyden ja elinvoimaisuuden takaajana. Kaupunkikehityksen systeemisen dynamiikan ja diversiteetin puutteellinen ymmärrys suunnittelussa ja kauppapaikkojen johtamisessa on pitkälti kaupunkirakenteen autoriippuvuuskehityksen ja alueiden eriarvoistumisen syynä. Ostoskeskuskonsepti synnytettiin staattisen hajakeskitetyn kaupunkimallin keskukseksi., jolloin laiminlyötiin ostoskeskuksen edellytykset mukautua myöhempiin toiminnallis-tilallisiin muutostarpeisiin erityisesti ostoskeskusjohtamisen ja kiinteistönhallinnan näkökulmista. Kaupan sijainninohjaus ei puolestaan ole normiohjaukseen ja hierarkkiseen kaavajärjestelmän nojautuessaan mahdollistanut hyvää reagoituvuutta kaupan muutosdynamiikkaan, eikä kunnollista keskusteluyhteyttä kaavoittajien ja kaupan toimijoiden välille ole päässyt muodostumaan. Raportissa ehdotetaan kaupan sijainnin ohjaukseen uutta verkostohallinnan yhteistyömallia, joka perustuu paikallisille vaihdon vyöhykkeille kaupunkisuunnittelijoiden, kaupan toimijoiden ja kuluttajien/käyttäjien välille. Lisäksi esitellään kaksi työkalua eri toimijoiden koordinoinnin rajaesineiksi tällaisilla vaihdon vyöhykkeillä: kaupunkikehityksen dynaaminen simulaatiomalli kaupunkisuunnittelun työkaluksi ja kauppakeskusten kestävän käytettävyyden arviointimenettely kauppakeskusjohtamisen työkaluksi
The city of Lahti, Finland, has developed a unique policy of combining city strategy work with st... more The city of Lahti, Finland, has developed a unique policy of combining city strategy work with strategic master planning in an iterative process. It thereby offers insights to research on strategic spatial planning, exemplifying how institutional frameworks of statutory planning can be utilized as resources in strategic planning. Three lessons from the Lahti case are drawn: (1) utilize the moments of opportunity in the institutional environment of statutory planning, (2) shift the focus from the level of 'strategic plans' to the policy level of strategy work, (3) develop strategic planning as a platform for diverse 'languages'.
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