Papers by VICTOR FADAYOMI
Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA, Jun 1, 2024
The problem of bacteria resistance coupled with microorganisms (e.g. Bacteria, fungi, viruses and... more The problem of bacteria resistance coupled with microorganisms (e.g. Bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa) been implicated as causative agents of many infectious diseases has led many researchers globally to search for substances (Phytochemicals) which can be used to stop the activity of these microorganisms and to reduce or eliminate their effect on the human population and to also curb the menace of bacteria resistance. This study aimed at carrying out phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of whole plant crude extracts of Euphorbia hirta Linn against some clinical isolates. The selected clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium) were identified using biochemical tests. The extraction of whole plant of Euphorbia hirta with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water was done using reflux extraction technique. The screening for phytochemicals was carried out using standard methods while the determination of antibacterial activity of the extracts against selected clinical isolates was carried out using agar well diffusion method. The results obtained show that phytochemicals such as: flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins, phenols, reducing sugars were present while cardiac glycosides was absent in all the extracts. The highest (21.33±0.33) antibacterial activity which is concentration-depended was recorded against Pseudomonas fluorescens using ethyl acetate extract while n-hexane extract has no antibacterial activity against any of the clinical isolates which possibly may be due to insufficient bioactive agents in the n-hexane extract. The study revealed that Euphorbia hirta contained phytochemicals which have antibacterial activity and can be very useful in drug development, traditional and complementary medicine if utilized.
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, Dec 2, 2023
Microorganisms in hospital effluents consist of both saprophytic and pathogenic bacteria originat... more Microorganisms in hospital effluents consist of both saprophytic and pathogenic bacteria originating from various sources in the hospital environment, such as soil, patient waste, laboratory waste, medical equipment, and water used in different hospital activities. Bacterial pathogens are primarily introduced into the environment through excrement and contaminated fomites.
International journal of epidemiology and health sciences, Sep 19, 2022
Background: Due to its persistent nature, ulcers brought on by Helicobacter pylori have been a si... more Background: Due to its persistent nature, ulcers brought on by Helicobacter pylori have been a significant public health concern. This study looked at how specific risk factors affected the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among peptic ulcer patients visiting medical institutions in Lafia, Nigeria. Methods: The blood and stool samples of 180 individuals (71 men and 109 women) were collected randomly, checked for H. pylori using test strips for H. pylori antibodies and antigens (Azure Biotech Inc.), and the feces also were grown on Columbia blood agar base (TITAN Biotech Ltd). Using a standardized questionnaire, some participant risk data was also gathered. Results: A positive culture method (CM) test result was obtained from 14/71 (19.72%) of the 71 male patients and 37/109 (33.94%) of the 109 female subjects out of a total of 210 subjects. For CM alone, it was discovered that female participants had a considerably greater incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection than their male counterparts (p=0.038). Nevertheless, all analytical techniques discovered no evidence of a significant difference between age groups (p>0.05). Only the blood antibody (BAB) approach showed a substantially greater prevalence (p=0.021) in married patients, with 79/116 (68.10%) reactive instances. The presence of drinking water source (p < 0.001, 0.001, 0.002 using CM, BAB, and SAG, respectively) and number of occupants per room (p < 0.001, 0.001, 0.002 using CM, BAB, and SAG, respectively) as potential risk factors for H. pylori infection was also demonstrated. Conclusion: The majority of risk factors that were taken into consideration for this study demonstrated a strong correlation with Helicobacter pylori infection in Lafia, Nigeria.
Journal of advances in microbiology, May 11, 2022
Hepatitis infections are global public health concern more especially hepatitis B virus (HBV) and... more Hepatitis infections are global public health concern more especially hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections which can easily be transmitted from mothers to newborn babies through contact with body secretions. This research was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Viral Hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women in Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia, Nasarawa State. Cross sectional study design was carried out from January 2017 to December 2017 among 374 pregnant women. Blood sample was collected from each pregnant woman and screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit produced by Nantong Diagnos Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China. Overall prevalence infections of viral hepatitis B and C among the participant was 35(9.4%) and 18(4.8%) respectively. Hepatitis B prevalence was higher than Hepatitis C (P>0.05). Some of the pregnant women were found to be multi-gravida patients ranged from 20-29 years of age with prevalence of 9.6% HBV and 5.1% HCV (P> 0.05). The findings of this research suggest need to initiate public awareness to reduce disease load and transmission; immunization to all pregnant women and their newborn babies.
Indian Journal of Microbiology Research, Oct 15, 2022
Background: Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (CPEC) has been an issue of public health co... more Background: Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (CPEC) has been an issue of public health concern due to high resistance to major antibiotics. This pathogen can be acquired through the consumption of contaminated foods. The use of detergents for the control of pathogens in food contact surfaces is commonly practiced by most food vendors. This study is aimed at assessing the efficacy of some commonly used detergents against CPEC from food contact surfaces in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 924 swab samples from food contact surfaces (246 each from plates, cups and spoons and 186 from tabletops) in various food vending outlets were screened for phenotypic identification of CPEC using Imipenem (30µg) and Meropenem (10µg) antibiotics susceptibility disk diffusion method.
Archives of current research international, Jan 10, 2017
Microbiology insights, 2022
The spread and transfer of resistant pathogens is on the increase worldwide and it is presently a... more The spread and transfer of resistant pathogens is on the increase worldwide and it is presently a cause of concern for health facilities, health organizations and governments. Pathogenicity is a factor dependent on the virulence of the microorganisms. The study aimed at determining the virulence markers and factors in multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract infections in Lafia, Nigeria. Collection of urine and stool samples (150 each) from patients was carried out, and bacteria isolated from the samples using the spread plate technique. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined to identify resistant E. coli isolates after which, virulence factors and genes conferring virulence evaluated. The prevalence of E. coli was 33.3% and 35.3% in urine and stool respectively with 42 of the isolates being MDR. All the isolates showed cell surface hydrophobicity on ammonia sulfate molarity at &gt;1.5, and all possessed capacity to produce hemolysin and pyrogen, though isolate U6 produced the highest amount of hemolysin and the other isolates mostly produced reasonable amount of pyrogen. Isolate U19 from urine sample and isolates S6, S10, S11, and S17 from stool samples all had between 81 and 100 serum resistance survival percentages, while 13 of the isolates had no serum resistance capabilities. Virulence conferring genes present in the isolates include fimH, pap, stb, cs31a, vt2, east1. Most of the resistant isolates have more than one virulence marker that is a means of producing an effective pathogenesis.
Microbiology Insights
The spread and transfer of resistant pathogens is on the increase worldwide and it is presently a... more The spread and transfer of resistant pathogens is on the increase worldwide and it is presently a cause of concern for health facilities, health organizations and governments. Pathogenicity is a factor dependent on the virulence of the microorganisms. The study aimed at determining the virulence markers and factors in multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract infections in Lafia, Nigeria. Collection of urine and stool samples (150 each) from patients was carried out, and bacteria isolated from the samples using the spread plate technique. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined to identify resistant E. coli isolates after which, virulence factors and genes conferring virulence evaluated. The prevalence of E. coli was 33.3% and 35.3% in urine and stool respectively with 42 of the isolates being MDR. All the isolates showed cell surface hydrophobicity on ammonia sulfate molarity at >1.5, and all possessed c...
Indian Journal of Microbiology Research
Carbapenemase-producing (CPEC) has been an issue of public health concern due to high resistance ... more Carbapenemase-producing (CPEC) has been an issue of public health concern due to high resistance to major antibiotics. This pathogen can be acquired through the consumption of contaminated foods. The use of detergents for the control of pathogens in food contact surfaces is commonly practiced by most food vendors. This study is aimed at assessing the efficacy of some commonly used detergents against CPEC from food contact surfaces in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 924 swab samples from food contact surfaces (246 each from plates, cups and spoons and 186 from tabletops) in various food vending outlets were screened for phenotypic identification of CPEC using Imipenem (30µg) and Meropenem (10µg) antibiotics susceptibility disk diffusion method. Tubes of varying concentrations of test detergents (1:140, 1:160, 1:180, 1:200 and 1:220) were seeded against phenol as standard with varying concentrations of 1:50, 1:60, 1:70 1:80 and 1:90. Hawkers outlets had highest CPEC isolation freq...
International Journal of Epidemiology and Health Sciences
Background: Due to its persistent nature, ulcers brought on by Helicobacter pylori have been a si... more Background: Due to its persistent nature, ulcers brought on by Helicobacter pylori have been a significant public health concern. This study looked at how specific risk factors affected the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among peptic ulcer patients visiting medical institutions in Lafia, Nigeria. Methods: The blood and stool samples of 180 individuals (71 men and 109 women) were collected randomly, checked for H. pylori using test strips for H. pylori antibodies and antigens (Azure Biotech Inc.), and the feces also were grown on Columbia blood agar base (TITAN Biotech Ltd). Using a standardized questionnaire, some participant risk data was also gathered. Results: A positive culture method (CM) test result was obtained from 14/71 (19.72%) of the 71 male patients and 37/109 (33.94%) of the 109 female subjects out of a total of 210 subjects. For CM alone, it was discovered that female participants had a considerably greater incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection than their male counterparts (p=0.038). Nevertheless, all analytical techniques discovered no evidence of a significant difference between age groups (p>0.05). Only the blood antibody (BAB) approach showed a substantially greater prevalence (p=0.021) in married patients, with 79/116 (68.10%) reactive instances. The presence of drinking water source (p < 0.001, 0.001, 0.002 using CM, BAB, and SAG, respectively) and number of occupants per room (p < 0.001, 0.001, 0.002 using CM, BAB, and SAG, respectively) as potential risk factors for H. pylori infection was also demonstrated. Conclusion: The majority of risk factors that were taken into consideration for this study demonstrated a strong correlation with Helicobacter pylori infection in Lafia, Nigeria.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most vital macronutrient required for the growth and development of ... more Phosphorus (P) is one of the most vital macronutrient required for the growth and development of plant. Although P may be present in high concentration in most soils. It is mostly not plant available form. Phosphorus Solubilizing Microorganism (PSM) present in the rhizosphere play a role in increasing the bioavailability of soil phosphate for plant through solubilzation and mineralization. The present study aimed at isolating and analysing PSM from different rhizospheres and testing isolates on growth of sorghum plant at different concentration levels with the future prospect of formulating the potential biofertilizers. A total number of 35 samples in five replicate were randomly collected from rhizosphere soil of of wamba, Doma, Awe, Lafia, Akwanga, Obi and Nasarawa-Eggon in Nasarawa State. PSM were isolated by spread plate technique using Pikovskaya’s medium (PVK) and further identified using appropriate biochemical test. Quantitative and qualitative methods was used to evaluate t...
European journal of health sciences, Jul 1, 2022
Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in most severe cases of peptic ulcer. Despite this develo... more Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in most severe cases of peptic ulcer. Despite this development, the diagnosis of this infection has been a major challenge due to the difficulty encountered during isolation using the conventional culture method. Presently, most health facilities in rural communities in Nigeria still adopt the culture method as the gold standard technique for the diagnosis of H. pylori infections. The need for the introduction of more accurate, robust and rapid diagnostic techniques is therefore imperative. This study was carried out to compare the overall performance of two diagnostic methods in the assessment of Helicobacter pylori infection status among peptic ulcer suspected patients attending health facilities in Lafia, Nigeria, using stool antigen immunoassay test and blood antibody test methods. Methodology: A total of 180 patients with peptic ulcer symptoms attending three health facilities (80 from DASH and 50 each from Jafamek Diagnostic Centre and Haske Hospital) were recruited by designated health workers through random selection using non-probability and convenience sampling. The blood and stool samples of each participant were screened using H. pylori antibody/ antigen test strips (Azure Biotech Inc). The stool samples were cultured on Brain Heart Infusion agar (Oxoid, UK) and the result used as a gold standard in this study. Data obtained were presented as frequencies and association between test methods analysed using contingency chi-square test and Cohen kappa statistics. Results: The outcome of the study showed that out of the 180 participants screened, 51 (28.33%) were positive using the culture method (CM), 111 (61.67%) were reactive for Helicobacter pylori blood antibody test (BAB), while 86 (47.78%) were positive for Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test (SAG). The sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were recorded as 74.50%, 44.20% and 70.60%, 61.20% for BAB and SAG respectively. The level of agreement according to the value of kappa was found to be poor with BAB but fair with SAG. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the overall prevalence of H. pylori infection among the patients was relatively low compared to values obtained from other areas in Nigeria. Also, the stool antigen analytical method had the highest diagnostic accuracy compared to the serum antibody and culture techniques. Recommendation: The stool antigen method is considered the most effective in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections in the study community and should therefore be used regularly as first choice option.
Microbiology Research Journal International
The study aimed at undertaking preliminary phytochemical studies and antifungal activities of Law... more The study aimed at undertaking preliminary phytochemical studies and antifungal activities of Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts against clinical Candida isolates from female patients attending Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital (DASH) Lafia, Nasarawa State. HVS (High Vaginal Swab) samples were collected from 185 subjects and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Microbial culture and isolations were done on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), Blood agar, Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Sabouraud dextrose broth. Identification of clinical isolates was done following standard guideline for Candida identification including microscopic, cultural and biochemical characteristics (sugar utilization and fermentation). Antifungal susceptibility tests of the plant extracts at different concentrations were carried out against Candida isolates. Distilled water and ketoconazole drug served as negative and positive control respectively. Zones of inhibitions, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ...
Journal of Advances in Microbiology
Background: The type of animal grazing method to be promulgated into the Federal Legal System has... more Background: The type of animal grazing method to be promulgated into the Federal Legal System has been an issue of controversy following incessant Farmers/Herdsmen clashes in Nigeria. The method to be adopted has to ensure a drastic reduction of common pathogens associated with the consumption of meat and its products notably Escherichia coli O157:H7. This pathogen has regularly been isolated from cattle by researchers while scanty information exists implicating small domestic ruminants especially in Cross River State, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria where ruminant meat is highly consumed. Similar studies on this pathogen associated with small domestic ruminants do not take into consideration all the different grazing methods practiced. Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effects of two commonly used grazing methods (free-ranging and confined grazing) on the potentials of fecal carriage of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 by sheep and goats in different locations within Cross River...
Journal of Advances in Microbiology
Hepatitis infections are global public health concern more especially hepatitis B virus (HBV) and... more Hepatitis infections are global public health concern more especially hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections which can easily be transmitted from mothers to newborn babies through contact with body secretions. This research was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Viral Hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women in Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia, Nasarawa State. Cross sectional study design was carried out from January 2017 to December 2017 among 374 pregnant women. Blood sample was collected from each pregnant woman and screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit produced by Nantong Diagnos Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China. Overall prevalence infections of viral hepatitis B and C among the participant was 35(9.4%) and 18(4.8%) respectively. Hepatitis B prevalence was higher than Hepatitis C (P>0.05). Some of the pregnant women were found to be multi-gravida patients ranged from 20-29 years of age with prevalence of 9.6%...
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2022
Various food commodities such as groundnuts are prone to fungal contamination in favourable envir... more Various food commodities such as groundnuts are prone to fungal contamination in favourable environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify fungi associated with stored groundnuts. A purposeful and random sampling was employed to collect three hundred (300) samples of groundnuts in storage for more than six (6) months from local storage facilities known as ‘rumbun’ from the three agricultural zones (Nasarawa South, Nasarawa North and Nasarawa West) in Nasarawa State. The samples were grounded and cultured in potato dextrose agar (PDA) under sterile conditions, with the aid of a microscope and the fungal flora were determined using taxonomical schemes relying on their morphological and cultural characteristics. The total heterotrophic fungal ranged from 1.4 × 102 to 2.9 × 105 with stored groundnut from Nasarawa South being the most contaminated (4.8 × 104 CFU/g) followed by Nasarawa West (1.6 x 104) and Nasarawa North was the least contaminated (3.3 × ...
The participation of antioxidants in body cellular processes cannot be overemphasized as they pro... more The participation of antioxidants in body cellular processes cannot be overemphasized as they protect and reduce oxidative damage within the cell and its surrounding membranes. These chemical substances act on free radicals by donating free electrons to unstable radicals thereby haltering their capacity to steal electrons. The capacity of Lippia alba extract to ameliorate antioxidant levels in ochratoxin A intoxicated albino rats were investigated. Sixty albino rats divided into two sets were used in the study. Animals were administered a single dosage of 2mg ochratoxin A per 250 mg bw of animals, followed by the administration of the extract at 300 mg per kg body weight by gavage. Results showed that intoxication with 2 mg OTA/250 g bw reduced the glutathione levels in the two sets by 55.3 %, 47.1 %, 59.3 %, and 65.9 % for pre-treated (kidney), post-treated (kidney), pre-treated (liver), and post-treated (liver) respectively. Superoxide dismutase values obtained highest recovery in...
American Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 2018
The participation of antioxidants in body cellular processes cannot be over-emphasized as they pr... more The participation of antioxidants in body cellular processes cannot be over-emphasized as they protect and reduce oxidative damage within the cell and its surrounding membranes. These chemical substances act on free radicals by donating free electrons to unstable radicals thereby haltering their capacity to steal electrons. The capacity of Lippia alba extract to ameliorate antioxidant levels in ochratoxin A intoxicated albino rats were investigated. Sixty albino rats divided into two sets were used in the study. Animals were administered a single dosage of 2mg ochratoxin A per 250 mg bw of animals, followed by the administration of the extract at 300 mg per kg body weight by gavage. Results showed that intoxication with 2 mg OTA/250 g bw reduced the glutathione levels in the two sets by 55.3 %, 47.1 %, 59.3 %, and 65.9 % for pre-treated (kidney), post-treated (kidney), pre-treated (liver), and post-treated (liver) respectively. Superoxide dismutase values obtained highest recovery ...
A bioreporter is a living microorganism containing a sensor molecule that upon binding of a small... more A bioreporter is a living microorganism containing a sensor molecule that upon binding of a small molecule of interest switches on a reporter, resulting in a measured cellular signal outputs which can be a colorimetric, bioluminescent, or fluorescent emission. They are very specific for the target chemical molecule. The use of bioreporters in detecting target molecules lies in altering the transcriptional regulator so as to change the specificity. Bioreporters are applied in water quality control and assessment, identification of pathogenic organisms of human health concern, to establish toxicity profiles in environmental samples, specific detection of pollutant and heavy metals, determine bioremediation rates, search for novel biocatalysts, and to improve strains for industrial production of small molecules. They are easy to use, rapid, adaptive, and robust tool for chemical analysis. The review highlights the type of bioreporters currently in use, mechanism of switch on and off, a...
The problems and associated challenges of mycotoxins’ contaminations are on the increase, encoura... more The problems and associated challenges of mycotoxins’ contaminations are on the increase, encouraged by favorable climatic conditions which results from greenhouse effect and global warming. Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin reduces food quality, causes cancerous conditions and ochratoxicosis in man and animals thus making it imperative to find a cost-effective and non-toxic method to prevent contamination of stored agricultural produce and crops. Investigation was carried out to determine the ability of Lippia alba to detoxify ochratoxin A (OTA) in albino rats. Rats (120) weighing between 250 and 300g were divided into L. alba preand posttreated sets. Seven days after intraperitoneal OTA intoxication, animals were euthanized and blood was harvested for serum enzymes and quantification of biochemical parameters. Analysis of Variance was obtained and the means of blood parameters were separated using Tukey’s Kramer post hoc test at p ≤ 0.05. The result obtained showed that treatment of...
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Papers by VICTOR FADAYOMI