This chapter reflects on the changing place of young men and women in Indonesian agriculture, bas... more This chapter reflects on the changing place of young men and women in Indonesian agriculture, based on available secondary sources and some preliminary local-level studies. Contrary to general perceptions or expectations about youth, agriculture still employs a much higher proportion of young people than industry or any other sector, and this proportion has been relatively stable in recent years. The chapter first provides a general picture of agrarian structures in Indonesia. The next section summarizes what we know about the changing position of young men and women within these structures, including: the age and gender of farmers, modes of intergenerational transfer of farm land and property, young people’s apparent turn away from agriculture, patterns of rural youth mobility, agricultural education, and institutions representing rural youth interests. The main part of this chapter concludes with some reflections on policy. The final part then explains the selection of locations a...
Increasing awareness of antibiotic resistance has correspondingly increased efforts to identify a... more Increasing awareness of antibiotic resistance has correspondingly increased efforts to identify and reduce the causal behaviors that led to this severe public health threat. The consequences of these efforts are regulatory and market pressures limiting antibiotic use by livestock farmers which may lead to significant financial and welfare challenges on the farm, even if antibiotics can be substituted by vaccines. The purpose of this study is to measure the relative cost-effectiveness of antibiotics vs. vaccines for controlling L. intracellularis on a Canadian farrow-to-finish pig farm. This is done by modeling the production and economic impact of different antibiotics and vaccines available for managing this disease, listed in the Canadian Compendium of Veterinary Products. The economic impacts (in Canadian dollars) of the disease are estimated and the net benefits of alternative prevention and treatment options are compared to determine the relative cost-effectiveness of each strategy. Of the 12 options analyzed, four were preventative (antibiotic and vaccine) and eight were antibiotic treatments. Prophylactic chlortetracycline (an antibiotic) is the most cost-effective option for managing L. intracellularis, while Porcilis Ileitis (a vaccine) is the least cost-effective strategy. This result remains robust considering sensitivity analysis of the production parameters, which indicates that preventative antibiotics are more cost-effective than vaccines. This implies that banning preventative antibiotic treatments harms the bottom line of farmers under current market conditions.
Growing concern about antibiotic resistance has increased regulation and market pressure that lim... more Growing concern about antibiotic resistance has increased regulation and market pressure that limits a farmer's ability to use antibiotics and manage their business. Rather than focus specifically on resistance, effective regulation will also consider the value that different antibiotics provide to livestock producers. This study uses a simulation model of a Canadian farrow-to-finish pig farm to demonstrate how the economic benefit of different antibiotics can be measured. This is done by imposing L. intracellularis on the model and then evaluating which antibiotics and vaccines are the most profitable for managing the disease. If this were to be done for the most important diseases in each livestock industry, the results could be combined to determine which antibiotics are the most valuable for that sector. This study indicates that prophylactic chlortetracycline is the most profitable option for managing L. intracellularis while the two vaccine options are some of the least profitable options.
A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ANTIBIOTICS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION:... more A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ANTIBIOTICS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION: LAWSONIA INTRACELLULARIS IN CANADIAN PIG PRODUCTION AS AN EXAMPLE Travis Jansen Advisor: University of Guelph , 2018 Dr. Alfons Weersink Growing concern about antibiotic resistance has increased regulation and market pressure that limits a farmer’s ability to use antibiotics and manage their business. Rather than focus specifically on resistance, effective regulation will also consider the value that different antibiotics provide to livestock producers. This study uses a simulation model of a Canadian farrow-to-finish pig farm to demonstrate how the economic benefit of different antibiotics can be measured. This is done by imposing L. intracellularis on the model and then evaluating which antibiotics and vaccines are the most profitable for managing the disease. If this were to be done for the most important diseases in each livestock industry, the results could be combined to determine...
Increasing awareness of antibiotic resistance has correspondingly increased efforts to identify a... more Increasing awareness of antibiotic resistance has correspondingly increased efforts to identify and reduce the causal behaviors that led to this severe public health threat. The consequences of these efforts are regulatory and market pressures limiting antibiotic use by livestock farmers which may lead to significant financial and welfare challenges on the farm, even if antibiotics can be substituted by vaccines. The purpose of this study is to measure the relative cost-effectiveness of antibiotics vs. vaccines for controlling L. intracellularis on a Canadian farrow-to-finish pig farm. This is done by modeling the production and economic impact of different antibiotics and vaccines available for managing this disease, listed in the Canadian Compendium of Veterinary Products. The economic impacts (in Canadian dollars) of the disease are estimated and the net benefits of alternative prevention and treatment options are compared to determine the relative cost-effectiveness of each strategy. Of the 12 options analyzed, four were preventative (antibiotic and vaccine) and eight were antibiotic treatments. Prophylactic chlortetracycline (an antibiotic) is the most cost-effective option for managing L. intracellularis, while Porcilis Ileitis (a vaccine) is the least cost-effective strategy. This result remains robust considering sensitivity analysis of the production parameters, which indicates that preventative antibiotics are more cost-effective than vaccines. This implies that banning preventative antibiotic treatments harms the bottom line of farmers under current market conditions.
This chapter reflects on the changing place of young men and women in Indonesian agriculture, bas... more This chapter reflects on the changing place of young men and women in Indonesian agriculture, based on available secondary sources and some preliminary local-level studies. Contrary to general perceptions or expectations about youth, agriculture still employs a much higher proportion of young people than industry or any other sector, and this proportion has been relatively stable in recent years. The chapter first provides a general picture of agrarian structures in Indonesia. The next section summarizes what we know about the changing position of young men and women within these structures, including: the age and gender of farmers, modes of intergenerational transfer of farm land and property, young people’s apparent turn away from agriculture, patterns of rural youth mobility, agricultural education, and institutions representing rural youth interests. The main part of this chapter concludes with some reflections on policy. The final part then explains the selection of locations a...
Increasing awareness of antibiotic resistance has correspondingly increased efforts to identify a... more Increasing awareness of antibiotic resistance has correspondingly increased efforts to identify and reduce the causal behaviors that led to this severe public health threat. The consequences of these efforts are regulatory and market pressures limiting antibiotic use by livestock farmers which may lead to significant financial and welfare challenges on the farm, even if antibiotics can be substituted by vaccines. The purpose of this study is to measure the relative cost-effectiveness of antibiotics vs. vaccines for controlling L. intracellularis on a Canadian farrow-to-finish pig farm. This is done by modeling the production and economic impact of different antibiotics and vaccines available for managing this disease, listed in the Canadian Compendium of Veterinary Products. The economic impacts (in Canadian dollars) of the disease are estimated and the net benefits of alternative prevention and treatment options are compared to determine the relative cost-effectiveness of each strategy. Of the 12 options analyzed, four were preventative (antibiotic and vaccine) and eight were antibiotic treatments. Prophylactic chlortetracycline (an antibiotic) is the most cost-effective option for managing L. intracellularis, while Porcilis Ileitis (a vaccine) is the least cost-effective strategy. This result remains robust considering sensitivity analysis of the production parameters, which indicates that preventative antibiotics are more cost-effective than vaccines. This implies that banning preventative antibiotic treatments harms the bottom line of farmers under current market conditions.
Growing concern about antibiotic resistance has increased regulation and market pressure that lim... more Growing concern about antibiotic resistance has increased regulation and market pressure that limits a farmer's ability to use antibiotics and manage their business. Rather than focus specifically on resistance, effective regulation will also consider the value that different antibiotics provide to livestock producers. This study uses a simulation model of a Canadian farrow-to-finish pig farm to demonstrate how the economic benefit of different antibiotics can be measured. This is done by imposing L. intracellularis on the model and then evaluating which antibiotics and vaccines are the most profitable for managing the disease. If this were to be done for the most important diseases in each livestock industry, the results could be combined to determine which antibiotics are the most valuable for that sector. This study indicates that prophylactic chlortetracycline is the most profitable option for managing L. intracellularis while the two vaccine options are some of the least profitable options.
A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ANTIBIOTICS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION:... more A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ANTIBIOTICS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION: LAWSONIA INTRACELLULARIS IN CANADIAN PIG PRODUCTION AS AN EXAMPLE Travis Jansen Advisor: University of Guelph , 2018 Dr. Alfons Weersink Growing concern about antibiotic resistance has increased regulation and market pressure that limits a farmer’s ability to use antibiotics and manage their business. Rather than focus specifically on resistance, effective regulation will also consider the value that different antibiotics provide to livestock producers. This study uses a simulation model of a Canadian farrow-to-finish pig farm to demonstrate how the economic benefit of different antibiotics can be measured. This is done by imposing L. intracellularis on the model and then evaluating which antibiotics and vaccines are the most profitable for managing the disease. If this were to be done for the most important diseases in each livestock industry, the results could be combined to determine...
Increasing awareness of antibiotic resistance has correspondingly increased efforts to identify a... more Increasing awareness of antibiotic resistance has correspondingly increased efforts to identify and reduce the causal behaviors that led to this severe public health threat. The consequences of these efforts are regulatory and market pressures limiting antibiotic use by livestock farmers which may lead to significant financial and welfare challenges on the farm, even if antibiotics can be substituted by vaccines. The purpose of this study is to measure the relative cost-effectiveness of antibiotics vs. vaccines for controlling L. intracellularis on a Canadian farrow-to-finish pig farm. This is done by modeling the production and economic impact of different antibiotics and vaccines available for managing this disease, listed in the Canadian Compendium of Veterinary Products. The economic impacts (in Canadian dollars) of the disease are estimated and the net benefits of alternative prevention and treatment options are compared to determine the relative cost-effectiveness of each strategy. Of the 12 options analyzed, four were preventative (antibiotic and vaccine) and eight were antibiotic treatments. Prophylactic chlortetracycline (an antibiotic) is the most cost-effective option for managing L. intracellularis, while Porcilis Ileitis (a vaccine) is the least cost-effective strategy. This result remains robust considering sensitivity analysis of the production parameters, which indicates that preventative antibiotics are more cost-effective than vaccines. This implies that banning preventative antibiotic treatments harms the bottom line of farmers under current market conditions.
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